A catalyst precursor composition for forming a phenol alkylation catalyst, the composition comprising: 70 to 98 weight percent of abase oxide comprising: magnesium oxide with a Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area from 75 meter.sup.2/gram to 220 meter.sup.2/gram, preferably from 75 meter.sup.2/gram to 140 meter.sup.2/gram, more preferably from 90 meter.sup.2/gram to 130 meter.sup.2/gram; or magnesium carbonate with a Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area of from 100 meter.sup.2/gram to 220 meter.sup.2/gram, preferably from 120 meter.sup.2/gram to 200 meter.sup.2/gram; or a combination thereof; at least one metal promoter precursor comprising an iron precursor, a manganese, a vanadium precursor, or a copper precursor; and a pore former, a lubricant, a coke inhibitor; and optionally, a strength additive; and optionally a binder, and a method of alkylating phenol using a catalyst derived from the catalyst precursor.

A method for producing an organic substance includes a step of passing a synthesis gas G1 discharged from a gasifier 11 through a gas cooling tower 21 to cool the synthesis gas G1 with water sprayed in the gas cooling tower 21, a step of passing the synthesis gas G1 cooled in the gas cooling tower 21 through a filtration-type dust collector 22 and a step of bringing a synthesis gas G2 that has passed through at least the gas cooling tower 21 and the filtration-type dust collector 22 into contact with a microbial catalyst to generate an organic substance.

A method of dry reforming methane with CO.sub.2 using a bi-metallic nickel and ruthenium-based catalyst. A dry reformer having the bimetallic catalyst as reforming catalyst, and a method of producing syngas with the dry reformer.

A reactor system for carrying out an endothermic catalytic chemical reaction in a given temperature range upon bringing a reactant into contact with a catalyst material. The reactor system includes a reactor unit arranged to accommodate catalyst material including one or more ferromagnetic macroscopic supports susceptible for induction heating where the one or more ferromagnetic macroscopic supports are ferromagnetic at temperatures up to an upper limit of the given temperature range. The one or more ferromagnetic macroscopic supports are coated with an oxide, and the oxide is impregnated with catalytically active particles. The reactor system moreover includes an induction coil arranged to be powered by a power source supplying alternating current and being positioned so as to generate an alternating magnetic field within the reactor unit upon energization by the power source, whereby the catalyst material is heated to a temperature within the temperature range by the alternating magnetic field.

Provided herein are catalyst supports, catalyst systems, and methods for making catalyst supports, catalyst systems, and performing chemical reactions with the catalyst systems. The catalyst supports include a zeolite and a binder including non-sodium counterions, such as ammonium counterions and/or potassium counterions. The catalyst systems include the catalyst supports and a catalytic material. The catalyst systems may be used to perform chemical reactions, including reactions of one or more hydrocarbons.

Integrated plants and associated processes for producing ammonia and sulfuric acid have been developed comprising air separation and water electrolysis subsystems and which make surprisingly efficient use of the products from these subsystems (i.e. oxygen and nitrogen from the former and hydrogen and oxygen from the latter). The invention is particularly suitable for use as part of an integrated fertilizer production plant.

The invention relates to a process for preparing a mixture of alkylene glycols (e.g. ethylene glycol and/or propylene glycol) from a carbohydrate source by catalytic conversion with hydrogen. More specifically, the catalytic hydrogenolysis process of the invention has an increased selectivity for glycerol, next to producing considerable amounts of ethyelene glycol and propylene glycol. This is achieved by ensuring the carbohydrate feed is rich in sucrose.

The invention relates to a process for preparing a mixture of alkylene glycols (e.g. ethylene glycol and/or propylene glycol) from a carbohydrate source by catalytic conversion with hydrogen. More specifically, the catalytic hydrogenolysis process of the invention has a decreased selectivity for larger polyols like sorbitol and erythritol, which larger polyols are obtained generally as a side product in catalytic hydrogenolysis, when viewed in comparison to the selectivity for small alkylene glycols (like ethylene glycol and propylene glycol). This is achieved by ensuring the carbohydrate feed is rich in sucrose.

A method of converting a hydrocarbon-based material into acetylene or ethylene according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a supply step of supplying a gaseous or liquid hydrocarbon-based material to a plasma reactor, and a temperature control step of creating a temperature condition of a decomposition reaction of converting the hydrocarbon-based material into acetylene or ethylene in a reaction space in the plasma reactor.

Process for manufacturing a hydrogen-containing synthesis gas from a natural gas feedstock, comprising the conversion of said natural gas into a raw product gas and purification of said product gas, the process having a heat input provided by combustion of a fuel; said process comprises a step of conversion of a carbonaceous feedstock, and at least a portion of said fuel is a gaseous fuel obtained by said step of conversion of said carbonaceous feedstock, and the Wobbe Index of said fuel is increased by a step of carbon dioxide removal or methanation.