Screw conveyor adsorption moving bed with heat integration

Abstract

Systems and methods presented herein provide for a screw conveyor adsorption moving bed that separates carbon dioxide from a gas mixture. Adsorbent particles are transported between an adsorption section of the reactor, which can be an outer column, and a desorption section, which can be an inner column. The particle transport is facilitated by the screw conveyor located inside the inner column. The screw conveyor is specially designed to have a hollow screw, shaped as a spiral surface, attached to a central shaft. The screw surface is also equipped with plurality of holes and a flexible edge attachment to seal against the cylindrical surface. The hollow shape allows the gas to flow from the inlet of the shaft to the particles through the holes on the screw, thus creating uniform gas distribution.

Claims

1. A method for removing carbon dioxide from gas, comprising: exposing, within an outer container, adsorbent particles to a gas mixture that contains carbon dioxide (CO.sub.2); using a screw conveyor in a cylinder that is inside the outer container, moving the adsorbent particles around a shaft towards a top opening of the cylinder; passing a heated gas through a hollow part of the shaft of the cylinder to heat the adsorbent particles; desorbing the CO.sub.2 from the adsorbent particles; and ejecting the desorbed CO.sub.2 from the hollow part of the shaft.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the screw conveyor includes a flexible rubber edge at a screw intake, wherein a screw of the screw conveyor is flexible and rubber at a portion that contacts the screw intake.

3. The method of claim 1, comprising: filling a bottom portion of the outer container with a sealing liquid, wherein the screw conveyor raises the adsorbent particles into the cylinder from the sealing liquid; and cycling the sealing liquid through a sieve mesh positioned at an end of the screw conveyor in the bottom portion below a bottom opening of the cylinder.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein the screw conveyor comprises a hollow spiral attached to the hollow shaft, wherein the hollow spiral comprises a plurality of holes in fluid connection to the hollow part of the shaft.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein the cylinder includes a top opening, wherein the screw conveyor pushes the adsorbent particles out of the top opening into the outer container.

6. The method of claim 1, comprising outputting a CO.sub.2-lean gas separated from the gas mixture to a heat exchanger, which returns the CO.sub.2-lean gas as the heated gas through the hollow shaft.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein the adsorbent particles include a Metal-Organic Framework (MOF).

8. The method of claim 7, wherein the adsorbent particles include a MOF having one or more bonded MOF crystals.

9. The method of claim 8, wherein the adsorbent particles include a monolithic MOF.

10. The method of claim 1, wherein the adsorbent particles include a porous carbon, alkalized alumina, zeolite, or amine-functionalized sorbent.

11. A screw conveyor adsorption moving bed, comprising: an outer adsorption chamber; an inner desorption chamber within the outer adsorption chamber; a screw conveyor at least partially inside the inner desorption chamber, the screw conveyor including a spiral screw and a central shaft; and a gas input configured to receive a gas mixture that contains carbon dioxide (CO.sub.2), wherein adsorbent particles in the outer adsorption chamber are configured to adsorb the CO.sub.2 from the gas mixture, wherein the adsorbent particles are cycled on the screw conveyor, and wherein a hot gas is passed through the central shaft, causing desorption of the CO.sub.2 from the adsorbent particles, and wherein the desorbed CO.sub.2 is configured to exit the inner desorption chamber through the central shaft.

12. The screw conveyor adsorption moving bed of claim 11, wherein the spiral screw includes a plurality of holes.

13. The screw conveyor adsorption moving bed of claim 11, further comprising a gas outlet for CO.sub.2-lean gas separated from the gas mixture, wherein the gas outlet is coupled to a heat exchanger that captures unused thermal energy from the inner desorption chamber for at least partial reuse in desorption.

14. The screw conveyor adsorption moving bed of claim 11, wherein the adsorption chamber is maintained at lower temperature than the desorption chamber.

15. The screw conveyor adsorption moving bed of claim 11, further comprising a bottom portion with a sealing liquid and a sieve mesh positioned below the screw conveyor, wherein the sealing liquid includes the adsorbent particles, and the sealing liquid is recirculated through the sieve mesh that substantially prevents recirculation of the adsorbent particles.

16. The screw conveyor adsorption moving bed of claim 15, comprising a pump and a powder filter coupled to the bottom portion, wherein the pump is configured to circulate the sealing liquid.

17. The screw conveyor adsorption moving bed of claim 11, wherein the adsorption chamber is configured to move the gas mixture up and to move the adsorbent particles down, wherein the desorption chamber is configured to move the adsorbent particles up and the desorbed CO.sub.2 down.

18. The screw conveyor adsorption moving bed of claim 11, wherein the adsorbent particles include a Metal-Organic Framework (MOF).

19. The screw conveyor adsorption moving bed of claim 18, wherein the adsorbent particles include a MOF having one or more bonded MOF crystals.

20. The screw conveyor adsorption moving bed of claim 11, wherein the adsorbent particles include a porous carbon, alkalized alumina, zeolite, or amine-functionalized sorbent.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this disclosure, illustrate various embodiments and aspects of the present invention. In the drawings:

(2) FIG. 1 is an example cross-sectional side-view illustration of a screw conveyor adsorption moving bed with heat integration.

(3) FIG. 2 is an example flow chart of a method for extracting CO.sub.2 from gas.

DESCRIPTION OF THE EXAMPLES

(4) Reference will now be made in detail to the present exemplary examples, including examples illustrated in the accompanying drawings. Wherever possible, the same reference numbers will be used throughout the drawings to refer to the same or like parts. The described examples are non-limiting.

(5) FIG. 1 is an example cross-sectional side-view illustration of a screw conveyor adsorption moving bed with heat integration. The SCAMB 100 separates CO.sub.2 from a gas mixture entering through the inlet by means of adsorption into the adsorbent particles 105. The adsorbent particles are transported between the adsorption section of the reactor, which is the outer column 110, and the desorption section, which is the inner column 120.

(6) The particle transport is facilitated by the screw conveyor 140 located inside the inner column 120. The screw conveyor 140 can be specially designed to have a hollow screw 115 attached to a central shaft 130. The screw 115 surface can be equipped with plurality of holes 117 and a flexible edge attachment 119 to seal against the inner cylindrical surface of the inner cylinder 120. The screw 115 can be helical.

(7) The hollow shape of the screw 115 allows the gas 119 to flow from the inlet 121 of the shaft 130 to the particles 105 through the holes 117 on the screw 115, thus creating uniform gas distribution. One novelty in this design is the moving particles can also transfer heat between different sections of the reactor that are maintained at different temperatures. This feature allows a system to recuperate unused thermal energy from the adsorption section 110 and utilize the recuperated unused thermal energy in the desorption section 120. This can reduce the heating requirement in the adsorbent regeneration.

(8) The input of the shaft 130 can receive heated gas 119 for desorption. The heated gas for desorption at the inlet 121 may be pressurized greater than the outlet 123 for the heated gas to facilitate the desorption and flow of CO.sub.2 125 from the heated adsorbent particles. In some embodiments, a fan, blower, or pump provides the pressurized heated gas to the inlet 121 of the shaft 130. In some embodiments, a fan, blower, or pump (e.g., vacuum pump) coupled to the outlet 123 of the shaft 130 draws the heated gas 119 and desorbed CO.sub.2 125 through the shaft 130.

(9) In one example, cooled recuperation gas 127 (CO.sub.2-lean gas, mostly presented by N.sub.2) from a heat exchanger can be fed into one or more inputs 129 into the outer column 110 (adsorption section). The adsorbent particles 105 can move downward in the outer column 110 being driven by gravity as shown by arrows 106. Meanwhile, gas movement can be upward as shown by arrows 108. Feed gas 131 (CO.sub.2-rich gas) through inputs 133 can be positioned towards the bottom 135 of the outer column 110.

(10) The bottom of the SCAMB 100 can be filled with sealing liquid 139 to prevent gas flow from the outer column 110 to the inner column 120. The sealing liquid 139 can include adsorbent particles 105. A sieve mesh 141 can separate the sealing liquid 139 from the adsorbent particles 105 and adsorbent powder, such that at the bottom 143 of the SCAMB 100 a liquid pump 151 can circulate the separated liquid back to the surface 153. An adsorbent powder is a result of adsorbent particle friction and the powder filter 155 can be placed in front of the liquid pump 151 to extract it from the circulating liquid 139, and a, therefore, pipeline for the cleaned liquid can take the pump output back to the surface 153. This bottom portion 143 of the SCAMB 100 can taper down towards the input to the powder filter 155 and liquid pump 151, with the sieve mesh 141 residing above the input. The liquid may be water, solvent, oil, or other liquid configured to inhibit flow of gas between the outer column 110 and the inner column 120.

(11) Additionally, the inner column 120 can sink into the liquid below the surface 153 within the outer column 110 of the SCAMB 100. The screw 115 can begin below the opening to the inner column, and can be flexible. For example, the lower portion of the screw 115 can be rubber. The liquid surface 153 can be roughly even with the opening to the inner column 120 of the screw conveyor 140.

(12) The screw can lift the adsorbent particles 105 into the inner column 120, raising the adsorbent particles 105 in an upward direction shown by arrows 106. Meanwhile, gas can move downward inside the inner column 120, passing through the holes in the screw 115 as shown by arrows 125.

(13) A semi-closed hollow part of the screw shaft 130 can allow gas to flow out to the adsorbent particles 105 through the plurality of holes in the screw 115 as shown by arrows 125. A plurality of holes in the screw shaft 130 can also connect hollow parts of the shaft 130 and the screw 115.

(14) Heated gas 119 can be applied to the hollow part of the shaft for desorption. Temperature swing adsorption (TSA) is one type of desorption technique. In TSA, CO.sub.2 is desorbed from a solid adsorbent material by raising the temperature of the material. This causes the adsorbed CO.sub.2 more easily released from the material. When this happens, the desorbed CO.sub.2 125 can pass into the hollow portion of the shaft 130 and down through the output 123 at the bottom of the SCAMB 100.

(15) Other desorption principles can be applied in the SCAMB as well. For example, a membrane separation can be utilized. The holes 117 in the screw or shaft can selectively permeate CO.sub.2 in an example. The CO.sub.2 can then be output from the shaft and collected.

(16) With TSA, the system can heat the adsorbent material 105 to release the adsorbed CO.sub.2. First, the adsorbent particles are exposed to a gas stream 131 containing CO.sub.2. The CO.sub.2 molecules adsorb into the adsorbent particles. The adsorbent particles can be part of a porous solid such as zeolite, activated carbon, or metal-organic frameworks (MOFs).

(17) In one example, after a certain amount of time, the adsorbent particles become saturated with CO.sub.2, and the temperature of the adsorbent particles 105 can then be increased to a higher temperature, such as by passing a heating fluid through the adsorbent bed. The sealing liquid 139 can be heated for this purpose. This heating step can help initiate the desorption by increasing the temperature of the adsorbent particles 105.

(18) In one example, the adsorption chamber of the outer cylinder 110 is maintained at a lower temperature than the desorption chamber of the inner cylinder 120.

(19) Once the adsorbent particles 105 have been cooled, the temperature can then be raised again, such as by the heated gas 119 that passes through the shaft. The high temperature causes the CO.sub.2 molecules to desorb from the adsorbent material and to be released into the gas stream 119 that exits from the outlet 123.

(20) After desorption, the adsorbent particles oversleeping to the outer column. Thereby the adsorbent material is then ready to be used again for CO.sub.2 adsorption, and the cycle can be repeated. Warm CO.sub.2-lean gas 157 may be removed from the SCAMB 100

(21) FIG. 2 is an example flow chart of a method for extracting CO.sub.2 from gas.

(22) At stage 205, adsorbent particles are exposed to a gas mixture that contains CO.sub.2. This exposure occurs in an outer container that acts as an adsorption section.

(23) Particles that have a high surface area and are porous can adsorb CO.sub.2. As one example, activated carbon particles are particles of carbon material that have been treated with oxygen to create a high surface area and high porosity. Activated carbon particles can adsorb CO.sub.2. In some embodiments, carbon particles may be chosen as the adsorbent particles due at least in part to desirable selectivity of CO.sub.2 over nitrogen, water, or other components of the gas mixture within the temperature operating range. Metal-organic framework (MOF) particles are made up of metal ions and organic ligands that create a highly porous, crystalline structure. MOF particles have a large surface area and tunable pore sizes, which make them effective at capturing CO.sub.2. Silica particles are made of silicon dioxide (SiO2) that can adsorb moisture and other small molecules, including CO.sub.2. Zeolite particles are made of porous minerals that have high surface areas and can trap CO.sub.2 in their channels. Polymeric particles are made of polymers that have been designed to contain amine groups, which can chemically react with CO.sub.2 to form stable complexes. One of the best adsorbent material for this kind of moving bed is alumina impregnated with Na.sub.2CO.sub.3 or K.sub.2CO.sub.3 while the cheapest is crusted stone chips. All possible adsorbent materials are not limited by the aforementioned examples.

(24) The adsorbed particles can move to the bottom of the chamber, where they are picked up by a screw conveyor.

(25) At stage 210, using a screw conveyor in a cylinder that is inside the outer container, the adsorbent particles can move upwards towards a top opening of the cylinder. The screw conveyor can have a porous screw that allows CO.sub.2 to pass once it has been desorbed from the adsorbent particles.

(26) At stage 215, heated gas can pass through a hollow shaft of the cylinder. The temperature difference can cause the CO.sub.2 to desorb from the adsorbent particles.

(27) Desorption is the process of removing the adsorbed molecules from an adsorbent particle. One way to desorb CO.sub.2 from an adsorbent particle is by using heat. The desorption process is carried out in a separate unit from the adsorption unit and involves heating the adsorbent particle to a higher temperature, which causes the adsorbed CO.sub.2 to desorb.

(28) The system can use thermal swing adsorption (TSA), which involves cyclically heating and cooling the adsorbent particles to remove the adsorbed gas. In one example, the adsorbent particle is heated to a temperature that is higher than the temperature at which CO.sub.2 adsorption occurs. This increases the kinetic energy of the CO.sub.2 molecules, weakening the bond between the CO.sub.2 molecules and the adsorbent surface.

(29) The adsorbent particles are then cycled out the top of the screw conveyor, back into the adsorption chamber. There, they are cooled to a temperature that is suitable for CO.sub.2 adsorption. The adsorption chamber remains ready to adsorb CO.sub.2, and the cycle of adsorption, desorption, and cooling can be repeated.

(30) At stage 220, the system ejects desorbed CO.sub.2 from the shaft. The CO.sub.2 passes into the shaft through holes in the screw and shaft.

(31) Adsorbent Particles:

(32) The current disclosure may be used with any type of adsorbent particles enabling CO.sub.2 uptake. Such adsorbent particles may include zeolites, or activated carbons (also called porous carbons), alkalized alumina, known for their high surface areas and porosity. These materials physically adsorb CO.sub.2 molecules, primarily through van der Waals forces. Adsorbents may also include chemical adsorbents, such as amine-functionalized solids, react chemically with carbon dioxide to form stable compounds, facilitating efficient capture. Types of adsorbent particles may also include Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs), a newer class of sorbents, having a highly customizable structure and exceptional porosity. These hybrid materials, composed of metal ions and organic linkers, can be tailored to enhance CO.sub.2 affinity and selectivity. MOFs demonstrate superior CO.sub.2 uptake capacities compared to traditional sorbents, especially at low pressures, making them ideal for post-combustion capture scenarios. Exemplary MOFs that can be used for CO.sub.2 uptake include MOFs from the SIFSIX series, such as SIFSIX-1-Cu, SifSIX-2-Cu, SIFSIX-2-Cu-i, SIFSIX-3-Zn, et SIFSIX-3-Cu, and/or HKUST-1 and/or MIL-53(M), with M being a metal such as Fe, Cu or Al, and/or MIL-96 and/or UiO-66 and/or UiO-66-NH2.

(33) In an embodiment, the adsorbent particles include a Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs) that includes several MOF crystals bound together, forming optionally a monolithic MOF. It represents an advanced form of MOF materials, distinct from its conventional powdered counterparts and designated as m-MOF in the following. Such m-MOFs are essentially solid, continuous structures, often exhibiting porous architecture, offering several advantages including reduced pressure drop relative to powdered counterparts, enhanced mechanical stability, improved scalability and/or handling. Such m-MOF may have a volume more important than a powdered MOF, for instance a volume higher than 0.1 mm.sup.3, optionally 1 cm.sup.3.

(34) Other embodiments of the invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification and practice of the invention disclosed herein. It is understood that the control functionality can be carried out by a processor-enabled device. It is intended that the specification and examples be considered as exemplary only, with a true scope and spirit of the invention being indicated by the following claims.