DENTAL PREPARATION COMPRISING FIBERS BASED ON HYALURONIC ACID WITH REGULATED BIODEGRADABILITY

20230069878 · 2023-03-09

Assignee

CONTIPRO A.S. (Dolni Dobrouc, CZ)

Inventors

Cpc classification

International classification

Abstract

A biodegradable dental preparation comprising at least one water-soluble fiber from hyaluronic acid or a physiologically acceptable salt thereof and at least one fiber from a non-polar derivative of hyaluronic acid is disclosed. The dental preparation may comprise an antimicrobial agent. The dental preparation may be useful in the treatment of periodontal disease or in the treatment of injuries in the periodontium and oral mucosa. Methods of preparing the dental preparations, fibers thereof, and related compositions thereto, are also disclosed.

Claims

1. A biodegradable dental preparation, comprising: (A) at least one water-soluble fiber of hyaluronic acid or a physiologically acceptable salt thereof and (B) at least one fiber of a non-polar hyaluronic acid derivative according to general formula I: ##STR00004## wherein R is hydrogen, a physiologically acceptable metal cation, benzyl-, or ethyl, and R.sup.1 is H or an acyl group of formula —C(═O)C.sub.xH.sub.y, where x is an integer of from 5 to 17 and y is an integer of from 7 to 35 and C.sub.xH.sub.y is a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon chain, wherein the non-polar hyaluronic acid derivative comprises at least one repeating unit comprising at least one substituent R.sup.1that is the acyl group or at least one substituents R that is benzyl or ethyl, provided that when the at least one substituent R is benzyl or ethyl, R.sup.1 is H, and when the at least one substituent R.sup.1 is the acyl group, R is hydrogen or a physiologically acceptable metal cation; and wherein the weight average molecular weight of the non-polar hyaluronic acid derivative of general formula I is from 1.0×10.sup.5 to 1.2×10.sup.6 g/mol.

2. The biodegradable dental preparation of claim 1, wherein: (i) the at least one water-soluble fiber (A) comprises a hyaluronic acid or its physiologically acceptable salt having a weight average molecular weight of from 1.0×10.sup.5 to 1.2×10.sup.6 g/mol; (ii) the weight average molecular weight of the non-polar hyaluronic acid derivative of general formula I is from 2.5×10.sup.5 to 4.5×10.sup.5 g/mol; or (iii) both (i) and (ii).

3. (canceled)

4. The biodegradable dental preparation of claim 1, wherein the non-polar hyaluronic acid derivative of general formula I comprises at least one R.sup.1 that is the acyl group —C(═O)C.sub.xH.sub.x, where the acyl group is selected from capronoyl, capryloyl, caprinoyl, lauroyl, myristoyl, palmitoyl, stearoyl-, and oleoyl groups.

5. The biodegradable dental preparation of claim 1, wherein the non-polar hyaluronic acid derivative according to general formula I comprises a weight fraction of the repeating unit comprising the at least one substituent R.sup.1 that is the acyl group or at least one substituent R that is benzyl or ethyl of from 5 to 27 wt %, based on the weight of the non-polar hyaluronic acid derivative.

6. The biodegradable dental preparation of claim 1, further comprising at least one antimicrobial agent selected from antiseptics antibiotics and combinations thereof.

7. The biodegradable dental preparation of claim 6, comprising at least one fiber having the antimicrobial agent present in and/or on the surface thereof.

8. The biodegradable dental preparation of claim 6, wherein the antimicrobial agent is in the form of a deposit on at least one fiber and present in an amount of from 0.01 to 2.0 wt %.

9. The biodegradable dental preparation of claim 6, wherein the antimicrobial agent is a chloramide hyaluronic acid derivative according to general formula II: ##STR00005## where R is H or physiologically acceptable metal cation and R.sup.2 is H or Cl, comprising a weight average molecular weight (Mw) of from 2.0×10.sup.4 to 6.0×10.sup.5 g/mol and a weight fraction of Cl of from 0.4 to 8.1 wt %; and wherein the chloramide hyaluronic acid derivative is present in the preparation in the form of at least one chloramide fiber comprising the chloramide hyaluronic acid derivative or at least one mixed chloramide fiber comprising the chloramide derivative and hyaluronic acid or the chloramide derivative of hyaluronic acid and the non-polar derivative of hyaluronic acid of general formula I.

10. The biodegradable dental preparation of claim 9, comprising the at least one chloramide fiber having a weight average molecular weight of the chloramide derivative of hyaluronic acid according to general formula II of from 1.0×10.sup.5 to 6.0×10.sup.5 g/mol, or the at least one mixed chloramide fiber having a weight average molecular weight of the chloramide derivative of hyaluronic acid according to general formula II of from 2.0×10.sup.4 to 5.0×10.sup.5 g/mol.

11. The biodegradable dental preparation of claim 9, comprising the chloramide fiber and the and the mixed chloramide fiber, wherein the weight fraction of Cl in the chloramide derivative of hyaluronic acid according to general formula II is from of 0.4 to 4.7 wt % in the chloramide fiber, and from 4.2 to 8.1 wt % in the mixed chloramide fiber, and wherein the preparation comprises a weight ratio between the chloramide derivative of hyaluronic acid of formula II and hyaluronic acid or the chloramide derivative of hyaluronic acid of formula II and the non-polar hyaluronic acid derivative of formula I in the mixed chloramide fiber of from 10:90 to 70:30.

12. The biodegradable dental preparation of claim 1, wherein the preparation is in the form of at least one textile unit selected from the group of fibers, a woven, knitted, non-woven or braided fabric, or a twisted bundle of fibers.

13. The biodegradable dental preparation of claim 12, further comprising at least one chloramide fiber or a mixed chloramide fiber comprising a chloramide hyaluronic acid derivative according to general formula II: ##STR00006## where R is H or physiologically acceptable metal cation and R.sup.2 is H or Cl, comprising a weight average molecular weight (Mw) of from 2.0×10.sup.4 to 6.0×10.sup.5 g/mol and a weight fraction of Cl is from 0.4 to 8.1 wt %; wherein the chloramide derivative of hyaluronic acid according to general formula II is present in the textile unit in a weight fraction of from 5 to 55 wt %.

14. The biodegradable dental preparation of claim 12, wherein the preparation is in the form of (i): a single textile unit which is a fabric or a thread comprising a weight ratio of water-soluble hyaluronic acid fibers to fibers of non-polar hyaluronic acid of general formula I of from 5:95 to 95:5; or (ii) a set of at least two textile units.

15. The biodegradable dental preparation of claim 14, wherein the non-polar hyaluronic acid derivative according to general formula I comprises a weight fraction of the repeating unit comprising the at least one substituent R.sup.1 that is the acyl group or at least one substituent R that is benzyl or ethyl 14.0 to 20.0 wt %.

16. (canceled)

17. The biodegradable dental preparation of claim 14 in the form of the set of at least two textile units, wherein set comprises at least one textile unit comprising a fiber, fibers, fabric or thread, provided that the preparation contains at least one water-soluble fiber from hyaluronic acid or a physiologically acceptable salt thereof and at least one fiber of a non-polar derivative of hyaluronic acid of general formula I.

18. The biodegradable dental preparation of claim 17, wherein the set of at least two textile units comprises: an upper textile unit comprising a fiber, fibers, fabric or thread comprising at least one fiber of a non-polar hyaluronic acid derivative according to general formula I, wherein the weight fraction of substituent on non-polar derivative of hyaluronic acid according to general formula I is from 14 to 20 wt %; and a bottom textile unit comprising a fiber, fibers, fabric or thread comprising at least one fiber of hyaluronic acid or a physiologically acceptable salt thereof.

19. The biodegradable dental preparation of claim 18, wherein the bottom textile unit comprises at least one fiber of hyaluronic acid or a physiologically acceptable salt thereof and at least one fiber of non-polar hyaluronic acid derivative of general formula I, wherein the weight fraction of substituent on the non-polar hyaluronic acid derivative of general of formula I is from 5 to 14 wt %.

20. The biodegradable dental preparation of claim 18, wherein the weight ratio of fibers of hyaluronic acid or a physiologically acceptable salt thereof to fibers of non-polar hyaluronic acid derivative of general formula I contained in the upper textile unit is from 5:95 to 60:40, and the weight ratio of fibers of hyaluronic acid or a physiologically acceptable salt thereof to the fibers of non-polar hyaluronic acid derivative of general formula I contained in the bottom textile unit is from 20:80 to 80:20.

21. The biodegradable dental preparation of claim 18, wherein the upper textile further comprises at least one fiber of hyaluronic acid or a physiologically acceptable salt thereof; and wherein the bottom textile further comprises at least one fiber of non-polar hyaluronic acid derivative of general formula I, wherein the weight fraction of substituent on the non-polar hyaluronic acid derivative of general formula I is from 14 to 20 wt %.

22. The biodegradable dental preparation of claim 21, wherein the weight ratio of fibers of hyaluronic acid or a physiologically acceptable salt thereof to fibers of non-polar hyaluronic acid of general formula I contained in the upper textile unit is from 5:95 to 60:40, and the weight ratio of fibers of hyaluronic acid or a physiologically acceptable salt thereof to the non-polar hyaluronic acid derivative fibers of general formula I contained in the bottom textile unit is from 50:50 to 95:5.

23. The biodegradable dental preparation of claim 14 in the form of the set of at least two textile units, wherein the set comprises: an upper textile unit having fibers, fabric or thread comprising at least one fiber of hyaluronic acid or a physiologically acceptable salt thereof and at least one fiber of a non-polar hyaluronic acid derivative according to general formula I, wherein the weight fraction of the substituent on the non-polar hyaluronic acid derivative of general formula I is from 15.5 to 20 wt %; a middle textile unit having fibers, fabric or thread comprising at least one fiber of hyaluronic acid or a physiologically acceptable salt thereof and at least one fiber of non-polar hyaluronic acid derivative of general formula I, wherein the weight fraction of substituent on the non-polar hyaluronic acid derivative of general formula I is from 12.5 to 15.5 wt %; and a bottom textile unit having fibers, fabric or thread comprising at least one fiber of hyaluronic acid or a physiologically acceptable salt thereof and at least one fiber of non-polar hyaluronic acid derivative of general formula I, wherein the weight fraction of substituent on the non-polar hyaluronic acid derivative of general formula I is from 5 to 12.5 wt %.

24. The biodegradable dental preparation of claim 23, wherein the weight ratio of fibers of hyaluronic acid or a physiologically acceptable salt thereof to fibers of non-polar hyaluronic acid derivative of general formula I contained in the upper textile unit is from 5:95 to 60:40; wherein the weight ratio of fibers of hyaluronic acid or a physiologically acceptable salt thereof to the fibers of non-polar hyaluronic acid derivative of general formula I contained in the middle textile unit is from 20:80 to 80:20; and wherein the weight ratio of fibers of hyaluronic acid or a physiologically acceptable salt thereof to the fibers of non-polar hyaluronic acid derivative of general formula I contained in the bottom textile unit is from 20:80 to 80:20.

25. The biodegradable dental preparation of claim 14 in the form of the set of at least two textile units, wherein the set comprises: an upper textile unit having fibers, fabric or thread comprising at least one fiber of hyaluronic acid or a physiologically acceptable salt thereof and at least one fiber of a non-polar hyaluronic acid derivative according to general formula I, wherein the weight fraction of substituent on the non-polar hyaluronic acid derivative of general formula I from 14.0 to 20 wt % a middle textile unit having fibers, fabric or thread comprising at least one fiber of hyaluronic acid or a physiologically acceptable salt thereof and at least one fiber of non-polar hyaluronic acid derivative of formula I, wherein the weight fraction of substituent on the non-polar hyaluronic acid derivative of formula I is from 14.0 to 20.0 wt %; and a bottom textile unit having fibers, fabric or thread comprising at least one fiber of hyaluronic acid or a physiologically acceptable salt thereof and at least one fiber of non-polar hyaluronic acid derivative of general formula I, wherein the -weight fraction of the substituent on the non-polar hyaluronic acid derivative of general formula I is from 14.0 to 20.0 wt %.

26. The biodegradable dental preparation of claim 25, wherein the weight ratio of fibers of hyaluronic acid or a physiologically acceptable salt thereof to fibers of the non-polar hyaluronic acid derivative according to general formula I contained in the upper textile unit is from 5:95 to 50:50; wherein the weight ratio of fibers of hyaluronic acid or a physiologically acceptable salt thereof to the fibers of non-polar hyaluronic acid derivative of general formula I contained in the middle textile unit is from 30:70 to 70:30; and wherein the weight ratio of fibers of hyaluronic acid or a physiologically acceptable salt thereof to the fibers of non-polar hyaluronic acid derivative of general formula I contained in the bottom textile unit is from 50:50 to 95:5.

27. The biodegradable dental preparation of claim 14 in the form of the set of at least two textile units, wherein the set comprises an upper textile unit having fibers, fabric or thread comprising at least one fiber of hyaluronic acid or a physiologically acceptable salt thereof and at least one fiber of a non-polar hyaluronic acid derivative according to general formula I, wherein the weight fraction of the substituent on the non-polar hyaluronic acid derivative of general formula I from 14.0 to 20 wt %; a middle textile unit having fibers, fabric or thread comprising at least one fiber of hyaluronic acid or a physiologically acceptable salt thereof and at least one fiber of non-polar hyaluronic acid derivative of general formula I, wherein the weight fraction of the substituent on the non-polar hyaluronic acid derivative of general formula I is from 14.0 to 20 wt %; and a bottom textile unit having fibers, fabric or thread comprising at least one fiber of hyaluronic acid or a physiologically acceptable salt thereof and at least one fiber of non-polar hyaluronic acid derivative of general formula I, wherein the weight fraction of the substituent on the non-polar hyaluronic acid derivative of general formula I is from 5.0 to 14.0 wt %.

28. The biodegradable dental preparation of claim 27, wherein the weight ratio of fibers of hyaluronic acid or a physiologically acceptable salt thereof to fibers of non-polar hyaluronic acid derivative according to general formula I contained in the upper textile unit is from 5:95 to 50:50; wherein the weight ratio of fibers of hyaluronic acid or a physiologically acceptable salt thereof to the fibers of non-polar hyaluronic acid derivative of general formula I contained in the middle textile unit is from 30:0 to 70:30; and the weight ratio of the fibers of hyaluronic acid or a physiologically acceptable salt thereof to the fibers of non-polar hyaluronic acid derivative of general formula I contained in the bottom textile unit is from 20:80 to 80:20.

29. The biodegradable dental preparation of claim 14 in the form of the set of at least two textile units, wherein the set comprises an upper textile unit having a fiber, fibers, fabric or thread comprising at least one fiber of a non-polar hyaluronic acid derivative according to general formula I, wherein the weight fraction of substituent on non-polar derivative of hyaluronic acid of general formula I is from in 14 to 20 wt %; a middle textile unit having fibers, fabric or thread comprising at least one fiber of hyaluronic acid or a physiologically acceptable salt thereof and at least one fiber of non-polar hyaluronic acid derivative according to general formula I, wherein the weight fraction of the substituent on the non-polar hyaluronic acid derivative according to general formula I is from in 14 to 20 wt %; and a bottom textile unit having a fiber, fibers, fabric or thread comprising at least one fiber of hyaluronic acid or a physiologically acceptable salt thereof.

30. The biodegradable dental preparation of claim 29, wherein the weight ratio of fibers of hyaluronic acid or a physiologically acceptable salt thereof to fibers of non-polar hyaluronic acid derivative of general formula I contained in the middle textile unit is from 20:80 to 80:20.

31. The biodegradable dental preparation of claim 14 in the form of the set of at least two textile units, wherein the set comprises: an upper textile unit having fibers, fabric or thread comprising at least one chloramide fiber of a chloramide hyaluronic acid derivative according to general formula II and at least one fiber of a non-polar hyaluronic acid derivative according to general formula I, wherein the weight fraction of Cl in the chloramide derivative of hyaluronic acid of general formula II is from 0.4 to 4.7 wt % and the weight fraction of the substituent on the non-polar hyaluronic acid derivative of general formula I is from 15.5 to 20 wt %; a middle textile unit having fibers, fabric or thread comprising at least one chloramide fiber of a chloramide derivative of hyaluronic acid of general formula II and at least one fiber of a nonpolar derivative of hyaluronic acid according to general formula I, wherein the weight fraction of Cl on chloramide derivative of hyaluronic acid according to general formula II is from in the 0.4 to 4.7 wt % and the weight fraction of the substituent on the non-polar hyaluronic acid derivative of general formula I is from 12.5 to 15.5 wt %; a bottom textile unit having fibers, fabric or thread comprising at least one chloramide fiber of a chloramide derivative of hyaluronic acid according to general formula II and at least one fiber of hyaluronic acid or a physiologically acceptable salt thereof, wherein weight fraction of Cl on chloramide derivative of hyaluronic acid of general formula II is from 0.4 to 4.7 wt %.

32. The biodegradable dental preparation of claim 14 in the form of the set of at least two textile units, wherein the set comprises: as an upper textile unit having fibers, fabric or thread comprising at least one mixed chloramide fiber formed by a chloramide hyaluronic acid derivative of general formula II and a non-polar hyaluronic acid derivative of general formula I and at least one a fiber of a non-polar hyaluronic acid derivative of general formula I, wherein the weight fraction of Cl in the chloramide hyaluronic acid derivative of general formula II is from 4.2 to 8.1 wt % and the weight fraction of the substituent on the non-polar hyaluronic acid derivative of general formula I is from 12.5 to 20 wt %; a middle textile unit having fibers, fabric or thread comprising at least one mixed chloramide fiber formed by a chloramide hyaluronic acid derivative of general formula II and a non-polar hyaluronic acid derivative of general formula I and at least one fiber of non-polar hyaluronic acid derivative of general formula I, wherein the weight fraction of Cl in the chloramide derivative of hyaluronic acid according to general formula II is from 4.2 to 8.1 wt % and the weight fraction of the substituent on the non-polar hyaluronic acid derivative of general formula I is from 12.5 to 20 wt %; a bottom textile unit having fibers, fabric or thread comprising at least one mixed chloramide fiber formed by a chloramide hyaluronic acid derivative of general formula II and a non-polar hyaluronic acid derivative of general formula I and at least one fiber of hyaluronic acid or a physiologically acceptable salt thereof, wherein the weight fraction of Cl in the chloramide derivative of hyaluronic acid according to general formula II is in the range from 4.2 to 8.1 wt % and the weight fraction of the substituent on the non-polar hyaluronic acid derivative of general formula I is from 12.5 to 20 wt.

33. The biodegradable dental preparation of claim 14 in the form of the set of at least two textile units, wherein the set comprises: an upper textile unit having fibers, fabric or thread comprising at least one mixed chloramide fiber formed by a chloramide derivative of hyaluronic acid according to general formula II and hyaluronic acid or a physiologically acceptable salt thereof and at least one fiber from a non-polar hyaluronic acid derivative of general formula I, wherein the weight fraction of Cl in the chloramide hyaluronic acid derivative of general formula II is from 4.2 to 8.1 wt % and the weight fraction of the substituent on the non-polar hyaluronic acid derivative of general formula I is from 15.5 to 20 wt %; a middle textile unit having fibers, fabric or thread comprising at least one mixed chloramide fiber formed by a chloramide derivative of hyaluronic acid of general formula II and hyaluronic acid or a physiologically acceptable salt thereof and at least one fiber of a non-polar hyaluronic acid derivative of general formula I, wherein the weight fraction of Cl in the chloramide derivative of hyaluronic acid of general formula II is from 4.2 to 8.1 wt % and the weight fraction of the substituent on the non-polar hyaluronic acid derivative of general formula I is from 12.5 to 15.5 wt %; and a bottom textile unit having fibers, fabric or thread comprising at least one mixed chloramide fiber formed by a chloramide derivative of hyaluronic acid of general formula II and hyaluronic acid or a physiologically acceptable salt thereof and at least one fiber of hyaluronic acid or a physiologically acceptable salt thereof, wherein the weight fraction of Cl on the chloramide derivative of hyaluronic acid of general formula II is from 4.2 to 8.1 wt %.

34. The biodegradable dental preparation of claim 33, wherein the weight fraction of chloramide fibers or mixed chloramide fibers contained in the upper textile unit is from 5 to 60 wt % with respect to the weight of the upper textile unit, the weight fraction of chloramide fibers or mixed chloramide fibers contained in the middle textile unit is from 20 to 80 wt % with respect to the weight of the middle textile unit, and the weight fraction of chloramide fibers or mixed chloramide fibers contained in the bottom textile unit is from 20 to 80 wt % with respect to the weight of the bottom textile unit.

35. The biodegradable dental preparation of claim 12, wherein the at least one textile unit is a strip of fabric comprising a width, in the dry state, of from 0.5 to 10 mm.

36. The biodegradable dental preparation of claim 12, wherein the at least one textile unit is thread comprising a diameter, in the dry state, of from 0.1 to 3 mm.

37. A method of ameliorating a periodontal disease selected from gingivitis, periodontitis, necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis, or a periodontal or oral mucosal injury with the biodegradable dental preparation of claim 1, the method comprising administering the biodegradable dental preparation to a subject.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0048] FIG. 1a-FIG. 1d illustrate phases of healing of a periodontal pocket by means of a dental preparation according to the present embodiments, with FIG. 1a illustrating textile units in the form of thread with different degradation rates inserted into the periodontal pocket, FIG. 1b illustrating formation of periodontal ligaments at the bottom of the pocket, FIG. 1c illustrating formation of periodontal ligaments in the middle part of the pocket, and growth of alveolar bone, and FIG. 1d illustrating a healed periodontium.

[0049] FIG. 2a-FIG. 2b illustrate dental preparations of the present embodiments prepared in the Examples, with FIG. 2a showing the dental preparation in the form of a braided thread of Example 18, and FIG. 2b showing the dental preparation in the form of a strip of fabric (warp knitted fabric) of Example 10.

[0050] FIG. 3a-FIG. 3c illustrate saliva swelling times of a dental preparation in the form of a braided thread prepared in the Example 12, with FIG. 3a showing the thread in dry state, FIG. 3b showing the thread after swelling in saliva at a time of 20 min., and FIG. 3c showing the thread after swelling in saliva at a time of 90 min.

[0051] FIG. 4a— FIG. 4b show histological preparations of a set of textile units in the form of plaited threads prepared according to Example 18, following implantation in the gums of a rabbit, with FIG. 4a showing a histological specimen after 14 days following implantation, and FIG. 4b showing a histological specimen after 4 weeks following implantation.

[0052] FIG. 5. Shows the results of an assay of textile units in the form of braided threads with different octenidine contents, prepared according to Example 15, tested against Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans.

[0053] FIG. 6 provides a plot of wetting times for different diameter variants of a dental preparation in the form of a braided prepared in Example 12, tested against saliva.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0054] The following detailed description is merely exemplary in nature and is not intended to limit the disclosure or the application and uses of the subject matter as described herein. Furthermore, there is no intention to be bound by any theory presented in the preceding background or the following detailed description.

[0055] The disadvantages and limitations of the prior art are solved by the present embodiments of a biocompatible and biodegradable dental preparation with controllable biodegradability, comprising water-soluble hyaluronic acid (HA) fibers and fibers of a non-polar hyaluronic acid derivative, which may contain an antimicrobial agent, preferably an antiseptic. The biodegradable dental preparation according to the present embodiments is intended for use in the treatment and supportive treatment of periodontal diseases selected from the group comprising of gingivitis, periodontitis, necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis, preferably for the treatment of periodontitis, or treatment of periodontal and oral mucosal injuries caused by external physical forces, chemicals (e.g. acid burns, hydroxide burns), high or low temperatures, or injuries caused in connection with a medical procedure.

[0056] In a preferred embodiment, the dental preparation serves to fill the periodontal pocket, or mucosal wounds. In the case of the periodontal pocket, the application follows a standard treatment consisting of dental calculus removal from the surface of the tooth root. The product acts as a mechanical barrier against the entrance of impurities, prevents recolonization by bacterial pathogens, and creates a suitable environment for tissue regeneration—the connection of teeth and gums. The antimicrobial agent involved, preferably an antiseptic, in particular octenidine or a physiologically acceptable salt thereof such as octenidine dihydrochloride, contributes to the effect. The material is absorbable, it decomposes in the body within a few weeks.

[0057] The main advantage of the present embodiments is that in the treatment of periodontitis it creates the conditions for gradual healing from the bottom of the periodontal pocket, and thus for bone growth, and formation of a better connection between the tooth and the gums by means of periodontal ligaments. This is achieved by using several variants of the hyaluronan-based polymeric material, which differ in solubility in aqueous medium or in body fluids, respectively, and in the time of biodegradation (absorption).

[0058] The technical solution of the present embodiments lies in particular in a biodegradable dental preparation, the essence of which is that it contains at least one water-soluble fiber of hyaluronic acid or its physiologically acceptable salts and at least one fiber of a non-polar hyaluronic acid derivative according to general formula I

##STR00002##

where R is hydrogen, a physiologically acceptable metal cation, benzyl or ethyl, R.sup.1 is H or —C(═O)C.sub.x,H.sub.y, where x is an integer ranging from 5 to 17 and y is an integer ranging from 7 to 35 and C.sub.xH.sub.y is linear or branched, a saturated or unsaturated chain, where in at least one repeating unit there is at least one substituent which is —C(═O)C.sub.xH.sub.y, or one of the substituents which is benzyl or ethyl, provided that when R is benzyl or ethyl, then R.sup.1 is hydrogen, or a physiologically acceptable metal cation, and the weight average molecular weight of the non-polar hyaluronic acid derivative of general formula I is in the range of 1.0×10.sup.5 to 1.2×10.sup.6 g/mol.

[0059] Hyaluronic acid, or hyaluronan (HA) also means a physiologically acceptable salt thereof selected from the group comprising a physiologically acceptable metal cation, i.e. an alkali metal ion or an alkaline earth ion, preferably Na.sup.+, K.sup.+, Ca.sup.2+, Mg.sup.2+, more preferably Na.sup.+.

[0060] The weight average molecular weight of hyaluronic acid or its physiologically acceptable salt contained in the fiber in the preparation according to the present embodiments is in the range of 1.0×10.sup.5 to 1.2×10.sup.6 g/mol, preferably in the range of 3.0×10.sup.5 to 5.0×10.sup.5 g/mol. The fibers made from HA according to the present embodiments are soluble in water, resp. in body fluids.

[0061] By non-polar HA derivative is meant a modified hyaluronan characterized by structural formula I as set forth above. The non-polar derivative is characterized by the presence of covalently attached hydrophobic groups—substituents on the hyaluronan chain. A non-polar derivative is also understood to mean a physiologically acceptable salt thereof selected from the group comprising of a physiologically acceptable metal cation, i.e. an alkali metal ion or an alkaline earth ion, preferably Na.sup.+, K.sup.+, Ca.sup.2+, Mg.sup.2+, more preferably Nat Preferably, its weight average molecular weight is in the range of 2.5×10.sup.5 to 4.5×10.sup.5 g/mol.

[0062] The non-polar HA derivative of general formula I can be divided into two groups according to the type of the substituent. The first group comprises of esters selected from the group of benzyl ester of hyaluronan and ethyl ester of hyaluronan. The preparation of these esters is described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,622,707. These variants of the non-polar derivative do not contain the acyl substituents—C(═O)C.sub.xH.sub.y. The second group, which represents a preferred embodiment, comprises of acylated derivatives. By acylated HA derivative is meant hyaluronan acylated with fatty acids on the hydroxyl groups of hyaluronan, the hyaluronan being modified preferably on the primary alcohol of N-acetyl-glucosamine and to a lesser extent on the secondary alcohols of glucuronic acid. The acylated—C(═O)C.sub.xH.sub.y group, as defined above, is selected from the group comprising capronoyl (hexanoyl), capryloyl (octanoyl), caprinoyl (decanoyl), lauroyl (dodecanoyl), myristoyl (tetradecanoyl), palmitoyl (hexadecanoyl), stearoyl (octadecanoyl), oleoyl (octadec-9-enoyl), preferably lauroyl (dodecanoyl, —C(═O)C.sub.11H.sub.23) and palmitoyl (hexadecanoyl, —C(═O)C.sub.15H.sub.31). This variant of the non-polar derivative does not contain ethyl and benzyl substituents. Examples of the preparation of acylated derivatives are given in WO2014082611 A1.

[0063] The weight fraction of the substituent in the non-polar hyaluronic acid derivative of general formula I is in the range of 5 to 27 wt %, preferably 9 to 20 wt %. A value of 27 wt % corresponds to a degree of substitution of 100% for the benzyl ester HA. (Note: while the benzyl or ethyl groups are attached to the hyaluronan chain covalently by an ester bond, the hydrogen or metal is present in the form of a cation). The weight fraction of the substituent in the non-polar hyaluronic acid derivative of general formula I is based on the total weight of the non-polar hyaluronic acid derivative of general formula I.

[0064] The presence of hydrophobic groups (ethyl, benzyl or acyl) in the non-polar HA derivative limits the solubility in water of the fibers made from this derivative, or in body fluids, and determines the rate of fiber absorption—biodegradation at the site of implantation. The required degradation time of the dental preparation in the body is achieved by choosing a particular non-polar HA derivative, the amount of hydrophobic substituent on the HA polymer chain (by weight of bound benzyl, ethyl or acyl in the non-polar HA derivative of formula I) and a weight ratio of the hyaluronane fibers to the fibers made of non polar HA derivative according to general formula I contained in a dental preparation.

[0065] According to a preferred embodiment, the dental preparation comprises at least one antimicrobial substance selected from the group comprising an antiseptic or antibiotic or a combination thereof, preferably selected from the group comprising chlorhexidine, octenidine, its physiologically acceptable salt, povidone iodide, polyhexanide, triclosan, chloramine, tetracycline, metronidazole, chloramide derivative of hyaluronic acid according to general formula II

##STR00003##

where R is H, physiologically acceptable metal cation,

R.sup.2 is H or Cl,

wherein its weight average molecular weight (Mw) is in the range 2.0×10.sup.4 to 6.0×10.sup.5 g/mol and weight fraction of Cl is in the range 0.4 to 8.1 wt %.

[0066] According to another embodiment, the antimicrobial substance is contained in at least one fiber and/or on its surface. More preferably, the antimicrobial agent in the form of a coating on the fiber is present in an amount of 0.01 to 2.0 wt %, preferably 0.01 to 0.30 wt % more preferably 0.02 to 0.15 wt %. The weight fraction of the substituent in the chloramide derivative of HA of general formula II is based on the total weight of the chloramide derivative of hyaluronic acid of general formula II.

[0067] Preferably, the antiseptic is octenidine dihydrochloride. By deposition is meant an antimicrobial substance which is contained in the fiber and/or on its surface.

[0068] The chloramide derivative of HA of general formula II has a hydrogen of the amide group —NH—CO— substituted by a chlorine atom of the structural formula —NCl—CO—. The chloramide derivative according to the present embodiments is also understood to mean a physiologically acceptable salt thereof selected from the group comprising a physiologically acceptable metal cation, i.e. an alkali metal ion or an alkaline earth ion, preferably Na.sup.+, K.sup.+, Ca.sup.2+, Mg.sup.2+, more preferably Na.sup.+. The chloramide derivative of general formula II above may be present in the dental preparation according to the present embodiments in the form of a fiber.

[0069] According to another embodiment, the chloramide derivative of HA according to formula II is present in the preparation in the form of at least one chloramide fiber from the chloramide derivative of HA according to formula II or in the form of a mixed chloramide fiber comprising chloramide derivative of HA according to formula II and HA or chloramide hyaluronic acid derivative of general formula II and a non-polar HA derivative of general formula I, preferably lauroyl hyaluronan or palmitoyl hyaluronan.

[0070] Preferably, the Mw of the chloramide derivative of HA of general formula II in the chloramide fiber contained in the preparation according to the present embodiments is in the range of 1.0×10.sup.5 to 6.0×10.sup.5 g/mol, preferably 1.5×10.sup.5 to 5.5×10.sup.5 g/mol, and in the mixed chloramide fiber contained in the preparation according to the present embodiments in the range 2.0×10.sup.4 to 5.0×10.sup.5 g/mol, preferably 3.0×10.sup.5 to 4.5×10.sup.5 g/mol.

[0071] According to yet another embodiment, the weight fraction Cl of the chloramide derivative of HA according to general formula II in the chloramide fiber contained in the preparation according to the present embodiments is in the range of 0.4 to 4.7 wt %, (DS 5 to 55%), preferably 3.4 to 4.7 wt %, (DS 40 to 55%) and in the mixed chloramide fiber contained in the preparation according to the invention, in the range of 4.2 to 8.1 wt %, (DS 40 to 100%), preferably 6.6 to 8.1 wt %, (DS 80 to 100%), wherein the weight ratio between the chloramide HA derivative of general formula II and the HA or the chloramide HA derivative of general formula II and the non-polar HA derivative of general formula I in the mixed chloramide fiber is in the range of 10:90 to 70:30, preferably 40:60 to 60:40.

[0072] In the case of a dental preparation according to the present embodiments comprising at least one chloramide fiber or a mixed chloramide fiber, the chloramide derivative of HA according to general formula II is considered to be an antimicrobial agent. Its weight fraction in the textile unit of the dental preparation is in the range of 5 to 55 wt %, preferably 20 to 30 wt % (definition of textile unit is given below). Weight fraction of P.sub.CT [wt %] of the chloramide derivative in the textile unit of the dental preparation is given by

P.sub.CT=P.sub.CI×P.sub.CV/100,

where P.sub.CI [wt %] is the weight fraction of chloramide derivative HA in the fiber and P.sub.CV [wt %] is the weight fraction of chloramide fibers or mixed chloramide fibers in the textile unit.

[0073] According to yet another embodiment, the dental preparation is in the form of at least one textile unit comprising a combination of at least one HA fiber or a physiologically acceptable salt thereof, and at least one fiber of non-polar HA derivative according to general formula I as defined above, wherein it is in the form of at least one textile unit selected from the group comprising fibers, woven, knitted, non-woven or braided fabric, preferably a strip of fabric, further a thread in the form of a fiber bundle, a twisted fiber bundle, preferably in the form of a braided thread or a tube.

[0074] By textile unit is meant a thread, fabric or even a fiber in the case where the preparation according to the present embodiments contains more than one textile unit. The fiber can be in the form of a so-called endless fiber—monofilament or multifilament, or in the form of a staple fiber, i.e. short fiber with a length ranging from 1 to 150 mm. The fineness of the fibers is in the range of 3 to 40 tex, preferably 6 to 11 tex. By thread is meant a length formed by endless or staple fibers and is made by textile processes, which may include joining, braiding, twisting, plying, knitting, preferably braiding.

[0075] It can be a bundle of parallel-oriented fibers, a twisted bundle of fibers, a knitted chain, preferably a braided thread. According to yet another embodiment, the diameter of the thread in the dry state is in the range of 0.1 to 3 mm, preferably 0.3 to 1 mm By fabric is meant a sheet or tubular structure comprising the fibers of the present embodiments; it may be a woven, non-woven, knitted or plaited fabric. In a preferred embodiment, the fabric in dry state is in the form of a narrow strip of woven, nonwoven, plaited or knitted fabric. According to yet another embodiment, the width of the strip of fabric in dry state is in the range of 0.5 to 10 mm.

[0076] An advantage of the dental preparation according to the present embodiments in the form of a thread or fabric is the possibility of combining several types of fibers, i.e. fibers of different HA-based polymers according to the present embodiments (HA, non-polar HA derivative according to general formula I, chloramide HA derivative according to general formula II) within one textile unit, the weight fraction of the individual fiber types in the thread or fabric being different. When the textile unit within the set of textile units is in the form of a fiber, it contains hyaluronic acid or a non-polar HA derivative of general formula I, or a chloramide HA derivative of general formula II, or a combination of HA and a chloramide HA derivative of general formula II, or a combination of a non—polar HA derivative of general formula I and a chloramide HA derivative of general formula II).

[0077] The dental preparation contains one or more textile units. The textile unit is a form of a dental preparation according to the present embodiments, comprising a combination of at least one fiber of HA and at least one fiber of a non-polar derivative of HA according to general formula I.

[0078] If the dental preparation according to the present embodiments comprises a set of textile units (i.e. two or more textile units) one of the textile units may comprise a fiber, fabric or thread of HA, or a fiber, fabric or thread of a non-polar HA derivative of general formula I. Thus, a textile unit is a fiber, thread or fabric.

[0079] The dental preparation according to the present embodiments is intended to be inserted into a specific area of the affected tissue. In the case of periodontitis, textile units are inserted into the periodontal pocket, where they act as a mechanical barrier and prevent its recolonization by microbial pathogens. Size or length of the textile unit and its adjustment is chosen so that it can be easily manipulated during treatment. It can be, for example, a winding of a thread or a strip of fabric on a spool, the length being several tens of centimeters to several tens of meters, or the textile unit is cut to a length of millimeters to tens of centimeters and is stored in a suitable package. Prior to application, the length of the textile unit is adapted to the dimensions and character of the periodontal pocket; it is usually 0.1 to 20 cm long. The textile unit, preferably a thread or strip of fabric, can either be wrapped several times around the root of the tooth, or it is pre-cut into shorter sections of about 0.5 to 3 cm and inserted from the front or back or side of the tooth so as to best fill the pocket.

[0080] In the simplest embodiment, the dental preparation comprises one textile unit, which is a fabric or a thread, wherein the weight ratio of HA fibers or its physiologically acceptable salt to non-polar HA derivatives of general formula I contained in the textile unit is 5:95 to 95:5, preferably 10:90 to 55:45, more preferably 20:80 to 40:60. Preferably, the weight fraction of the substituent on the non-polar HA derivative of general formula I is in the range of 14.0 to 20.0 wt %, preferably 15.5 to 18.0 wt %. In a preferred embodiment, this textile unit is in the form of a braided thread or a strip of fabric and further comprises an antimicrobial agent, preferably octenidine dihydrochloride. The textile unit of required length is gradually inserted into the entire area of the pocket from the bottom to the upper edge. The fibers of the non-polar derivative according to the present embodiments swell, thus ensuring in particular the sealing of the pocket. However, hyaluronan fibers also play an important role, as they are soluble in an aqueous medium and, when in contact with body fluids, turn into a viscous solution that easily fills the remaining space inside the pocket. Thus, the viscous HA solution reaches the bottom of the pocket, where suitable conditions for healing are created, and thus the healing process is started from the bottom of the pocket. The antimicrobial agent contained in the dental preparation kills microorganisms in the periodontal pocket immediately after treatment and prevents recolonization of the pocket in the following days to weeks, or even reduces the deposition of dental plaque in the neck area of the tooth.

[0081] In another preferred embodiment, the dental preparation is in the form of a set of at least two textile units. Preferably, at least one textile unit comprises a fiber, fibers, fabric or thread, provided that the preparation comprises at least one water-soluble fiber of HA or a physiologically acceptable salt thereof and at least one fiber of a non-polar HA derivative of general formula I. The different material composition of the textile units in the set is also advantageous. Thanks to this, it is possible to achieve a graded rate of biodegradation, or absorption in the periodontal pocket, thus further promoting the healing process from the bottom of the pocket compared to the case where the dental preparation contains only one textile unit.

[0082] The set as a whole always contains both HA fibers and non-polar HA derivative fibers according to the invention. The set may contain two to five, preferably three textile units. The location of the individual textile units is evident from FIG. 1a). The textile unit, which is intended to be placed on the bottom of the pocket, is referred to as the bottom, and is characterized by rapid biodegradation in the organism; the unit intended for the central region of the pocket is referred to as the middle, and is characterized by medium-rapid biodegradation in the organism; the unit intended for the upper region of the pocket is referred to as the upper, and is characterized by slow biodegradation in the organism. The set may contain only the bottom and upper textile units, or may contain, in addition to the bottom and upper textile units, one to three middle textile units with different material composition and degradation rate. The textile unit that is part of the set comprises one or more types of fibers according to the invention. It may include a HA fiber or a non-polar HA derivative fiber, or a chloramide fiber, or a mixed chloramide fiber, or a combination thereof.

[0083] According to a preferred embodiment, the dental preparation is in the form of a thread or a strip of fabric and serves to fill the periodontal pocket after a standard treatment which comprises removing calculus from the tooth root surface, and removing infected hard dental tissues. In therapy, a dental preparation in the form of a set of textile units can advantageously be used, which differ from one another in particular in terms of degradation time. The bottom textile unit, which degrades the fastest, is inserted first into the periodontal pocket and is thus inserted all the way to the bottom of the pocket. Furthermore, the textile units are inserted into the periodontal pocket according to the gradually increasing time required for degradation. The middle textile unit (or units) is thus inserted into the middle area of the pocket, and the upper textile unit, i.e. the unit with the longest degradation time, is inserted into the upper area at the entrance to the periodontal pocket (see FIG. 1a). Gradual transformation of the dental preparation, or of fibers forming it, on the gel or on the viscous solution allows even filling of the entire periodontal pocket and at the same time ensures sufficient plasticity of the material, which prevents premature release of the dental agent material from the periodontal pocket during chewing and tooth movement in the bed. The preparation is clamped between the tooth and the gums, so pressure acts on it and it responds to it by continuously changing its shape and size. It is advantageous if there is a slight expansion of the material during the conversion of the fibers forming the dental preparation into a gel. Gradual conversion of the fiber into a viscous solution (in the case of hyaluronan) or into a gel (in the case of a non-polar HA derivative of general formula I) further allows continuous release of the disinfectant or antimicrobial component of the preparation. The antimicrobial is first released from the hyaluronan fibers, which are soluble in the aqueous medium. In a preferred embodiment of the dental preparation according to the invention, the antimicrobial agent is the antiseptic octenidine, which does not bind to hyaluronan and can therefore be released rapidly, while octenidine is attached to the hydrophobic groups of the nonpolar HA derivative of general formula I by non-covalent bonds. Thus, the release of octenidine occurs gradually and over a period of time in the order of days to weeks. The release kinetics depends on the type and amount of substituent—ethyl, benzyl or acyl. The fibers of the non-polar HA derivative of general formula I swell on contact with body fluids, but retain cohesiveness. The upper textile unit prevents the recolonization of the periodontal pocket by microorganisms from the oral cavity and further prevents the growth of epithelium present on the mucosa of the gingival process, which would lead to the formation of so-called long sealing epithelium, which prevents the formation of new periodontal fibers and does not enable a full regeneration of the periodontium. On the contrary, the rapidly degrading bottom textile unit at the bottom of the periodontal pocket frees up space immediately after its application, where it will be possible to regenerate periodontal ligaments with gradual apposition of the bone of the alveolar ridge of the jaw bone. This procedure creates conditions for the regeneration of the periodontium and the possibility of healing the so-called ad integrum.

[0084] The course of biodegradation of the dental preparation and the phase of the healing process from the bottom of the pocket are schematically shown in FIGS. 1a) -1d). FIG. 1a) shows the periodontal pocket on the left shortly after the dental preparation according to the present embodiments has been inserted in the form of a set containing three textile units in the form of a thread. The fibers formed by the non-polar HA derivative of general formula I are swollen and have the character of a compact gel. The hyaluronan fibers are already dissolved in the body fluids and the resulting viscous solution fills the remaining areas of the pocket, including the space at its bottom. Within a few hours to days, the bottom textile unit disintegrates and is absorbed, and at the bottom of the pocket, a connection is formed between the tooth and the gums by means of periodontal ligaments (see FIG. 1b). The middle textile unit, which degrades more slowly than the bottom unit, acts as a barrier in the first days after implantation, preventing the formation of a lower-quality connection between the tooth and the gums. In this phase, bone growth occurs, which is a prerequisite for the regeneration of periodontal ligaments. These are formed only after a certain time interval when the bottom area of the pocket is healed (see FIG. 1c). The upper textile unit, degrading the slowest, seals the entrance to the pocket and thus prevents the penetration of impurities into the periodontal pocket and at the same time ensures that the tooth-gum connection in the upper part of the pocket is formed only after regeneration of periodontal ligaments in the bottom and middle part of the pocket. The result of the healing process with the aid of a dental preparation is shown in FIG. 1d). The bone is grown, and in the whole area of the original pocket a full-fledged connection of the bone and the tooth is created by means of regenerated periodontal ligaments. The described concept, based on healing from the bottom of the pocket, is completely new compared to the prior art.

[0085] According to a preferred embodiment, the dental preparation takes the form of a set of at least two textile units. To achieve the required effect of the dental preparation in the form of a set, it is necessary to create textile units (bottom, middle and upper), which differ in the rate of degradation in the body. Different rates of degradation can be achieved in several ways, which comprise: [0086] a) Choice of polymer: The textile unit containing HA dissolves very quickly in body fluids and degrades, while the degradation of the textile unit containing the non-polar HA derivative according to general formula I is slower. [0087] b) Choice of the type of non-polar HA derivative: The chemical structure of the substituent (hydrophobic group) affects the degree of swelling and the rate of degradation of the fiber and thus of the textile unit. The substituent of the non-polar hyaluronic acid derivative of general formula I is selected from the group comprising capronoyl, capryloyl, caprinoyl, lauroyl, myristoyl, palmitoyl, stearoyl, oleoyl, ethyl, benzyl, preferably lauroyl and palmitoyl. [0088] c) Weight fraction of substituent: The amount of acyl, benzyl or ethyl bound to hyaluronan has a fundamental effect on the physical properties of the fibers. As the amount of hydrophobic groups attached to the HA chain increases, the swelling and rate of fiber degradation decreases. A textile unit containing fibers of a non-polar HA derivative of general formula I with a higher weight fraction of a substituent degrades more slowly, a unit containing fibers with a lower weight fraction of a substituent degrades faster. [0089] d) Weight ratio of fibers in the textile unit:The more soluble HA fibers contained in the textile unit, the faster it will degrade; conversely, the more fibers of the non-polar HA derivative of general formula I contained in the textile unit, the slower the degradation will be.

[0090] The rate of fiber degradation, or degradation of threads or textiles, is related to the swelling of the fibers—strongly swelling fibers show a higher rate of degradation. The swelling of the various thread variants formed by 16 fibers is documented in Example 14, in FIG. 3a-FIG. 3c and in FIG. 6. The dry thread diameter is similar for all variants. However, it can be seen that threads containing palmitoyl HA fibers swell less in saliva than threads containing lauroyl HA fibers. In threads containing lauroyl HA fibers can be further observed that at the same fiber weight ratio, threads that contain fibers with lower fraction of substituent swell more, and threads that contain fibers with higher fraction of substituent swell less, because they are more hydrophobic. As the proportion of hyaluronan fibers increases, the diameter of the wetted thread decreases; the reason is that the HA dissolves. The thread then consists only of swollen lauroyl fibers, the amount of fibers being different for individual variants with different weight ratios, which is reflected in the different diameter of the swollen thread.

[0091] Overview of the Design of Sets of Textile Units in a Dental Preparation According to the Invention:

[0092] According to yet another embodiment, the set of textile units of the preparation comprises as upper textile unit a fiber, fibers, fabric or thread comprising at least one fiber of a non-polar HA derivative of general formula I, wherein the weight fraction of the substituent on the non-polar HA derivative of general formula I is in the range of 14 to 20 wt %, preferably 15.5 to 18 wt % and as a bottom textile unit a fiber, fibers, fabric or thread containing at least one fiber of hyaluronic acid or a physiologically acceptable salt thereof (see Table 1).

[0093] Preferably, the textile units contain an antimicrobial agent, more preferably octenidine or octenidine dihydrochloride.

TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Mass fraction of substituent in non-polar derivative Textile of HA [wt %] unit Material composition Range Preferable range Upper Nonpolar derivative 14.0 to 20.0 15.5 to 18.0 of HA Bottom HA — —

[0094] According to yet another embodiment, the set of textile units of the composition comprises as upper textile unit a fiber, fibers, fabric or thread comprising at least one fiber of a non-polar HA derivative of general formula I, wherein the weight fraction of the substituent on the non-polar HA derivative of general formula I is in the range 14 to 20 wt %, preferably 15.5 to 18 wt %, as a middle textile unit a fiber, fabric or thread comprising at least one fiber of hyaluronic acid or a physiologically acceptable salt thereof and at least one fiber of non-polar HA derivative of general formula I, the weight fraction of the substituent on the non-polar HA derivative of general formula I is in the range of 14 to 20 wt %, preferably 15.5 to 18 wt %, and as a bottom textile unit a fiber, fibers, fabric or thread comprising at least one fiber of HA or a physiologically acceptable salt thereof. Preferably, the weight ratio of fibers of HA or a physiologically acceptable salt thereof to the fibers of non-polar HA derivative of general formula I contained in the middle textile unit is 20:80 to 80:20, preferably 40:60 to 60:40 (see Table 2). The middle and upper textile units preferably contain the same type of non-polar HA derivative according to general formula I, preferably lauroyl HA or palmitoyl HA, the weight fraction of the substituent in the non-polar HA derivative being the same in both units. Preferably, the textile units contain an antimicrobial agent, more preferably octenidine or octenidine dihydrochloride.

TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 Weight fraction of substituent in Weight ratio non-polar derivative HA:non-polar of HA [wt %] derivative of HA Textile Material Preferable Preferable unit composition Range range Range range Upper Nonpolar 14.0 to 15.5 to — — derivative of HA 20.0 18.0 Middle HA + non-polar 14.0 to 15.5 to 20:80 to 40:60 to derivative of HA 20.0 18.0 80:20 60:40 Bottom HA — — — —

[0095] According to yet another embodiment, the set of textile units of the composition comprises as upper textile unit a fiber, fabric or thread comprising at least one fiber of hyaluronic acid or a physiologically acceptable salt thereof and at least one fiber of non-polar HA derivative according to general formula I. The mass fraction of the non-polar HA derivative of general formula I is in the range of 14 to 20 wt %, preferably 15.5 to 18 wt %, and as a bottom textile unit a fabric or thread comprising at least one fiber of HA or a physiologically acceptable salt thereof and at least one fiber of non-polar hyaluronic acid derivative of general formula I, the weight fraction of the substituent on the non-polar HA derivative of general formula I being in the range 14 to 20 wt %, preferably 15.5 to 18.0 wt %. Preferably, the weight ratio of the fibers of HA or a physiologically acceptable salt thereof to the fibers of non-polar HA derivative of general formula I contained in the upper textile unit is 5:95 to 60:40, preferably 20:80 to 55:45, and the weight ratio of fibers of HA or a physiologically acceptable salt thereof relative to the fibers of non-polar HA derivative of general formula I contained in the bottom textile unit is 50:50 to 95:5, preferably 60:40 to 80:20 (see Table 3).

[0096] The textile units preferably contain the same type of non-polar derivative, preferably lauroyl HA or palmitoyl HA, the weight fraction of the substituent in the non-polar HA derivative being the same in both units. The textile units differ from each other in the weight ratio of the fibers contained. Preferably, the textile units contain an antimicrobial agent, more preferably octenidine or octenidine dihydrochloride.

TABLE-US-00003 TABLE 3 Weight fraction of substituent in Weight ratio non-polar derivative HA:non-polar of HA [wt %] derivative of HA Textile Material Preferable Preferable unit composition Range range Range range Upper HA + Non-polar 14.0 to 15.5 to 5:95 to 20:80 to derivative of HA 20.0 18.0 60:40 55:45 Bottom HA + non-polar 14.0 to 15.5 to 50:50 to 60:40 to derivative of HA 20.0 18.0 95:5 80:20

[0097] According to yet another embodiment, the set of textile units of the composition comprises as upper textile unit a fiber, fabric or thread comprising at least one fiber of HA or a physiologically acceptable salt thereof and at least one fiber of non-polar hyaluronic acid derivative of general formula I, wherein the weight fraction of the substituent on non-polar hyaluronic acid derivative of general formula I is in the range of 14.0 to 20 wt %, preferably 15.5 to 18 wt %, as a middle textile unit a fiber, fabric or thread comprising at least one fiber of HA or a physiologically acceptable salt thereof and at least one fiber of non-polar HA derivative of general formula I, wherein the weight fraction of the substituent on the non-polar HA derivative of general formula I is in the range of 14.0 to 20.0 wt %, preferably 15.5 to 18.0 wt % and as a bottom textile unit a fiber, fabric or thread comprising at least one fiber of hyaluronic acid or a physiologically acceptable salt thereof and at least one fiber of non-polar hyaluronic acid derivative of general formula I, the mass fraction of the substituent on the non-polar hyaluronic acid derivative of formula I is in the range of 14.0 to 20.0 wt %, preferably 15.5 to 18.0 wt %. Preferably, the weight ratio of the fibers of HA or a physiologically acceptable salt thereof to the non-polar HA derivative fibers of general formula I contained in the upper textile unit is 5:95 to 50:50, preferably 20:80 to 40:60, furthermore, the weight ratio of fibers of HA or a physiologically acceptable salt thereof to the fibers of non-polar HA derivative of general formula I contained in the middle textile unit is 30:70 to 70:30, preferably 40:60 to 60:40, and the weight ratio of the fibers of HA or a physiologically acceptable salt thereof to the fibers of the non-polar HA derivative of general formula I contained in the bottom textile unit is 50:50 to 95:5, preferably 60:40 to 80:20 (see Table 4).

[0098] The textile units preferably contain the same type of non-polar derivative, preferably lauroyl HA or palmitoyl HA, the weight fraction of the substituent in the non-polar HA derivative being the same in all units. The textile units differ from each other in the weight ratio of the fibers contained. Preferably, the textile units contain an antimicrobial agent, more preferably octenidine or octenidine dihydrochloride.

TABLE-US-00004 TABLE 4 Weight fraction of substituent in non-polar Weight ratio derivative of HA:non-polar HA [wt %] derivative of HA Textile Material Preferable Preferable unit composition Range range Range range Upper HA + non-polar 14.0 to 15.5 to 5:95 to 20:80 to derivative of 20.0 18.0 50:50 40:60 HA Middle HA + non-polar 14.0 to 15.5 to 30:70 to 40:60 to derivative of 20.0 18.0 70:30 60:40 HA Bottom HA + non-polar 14.0 to 15.5 to 50:50 to 60:40 to derivative of 20.0 18.0 95:5 80:20 HA

[0099] According to yet another embodiment, the set of textile units of the composition comprises as upper textile unit a fiber, fabric or thread comprising at least one fiber of HA or a physiologically acceptable salt thereof and at least one fiber of non-polar HA derivative according to general formula I, wherein the weight fraction of the substituent on the non-polar hyaluronic acid derivative of general formula−I is in the range of 14 to 20 wt %, preferably 15.5 to 18 wt %, and as a bottom textile unit a fiber, fabric or thread comprising at least one fiber of HA or a physiologically acceptable salt thereof and at least one fiber of non-polar HA derivative of general formula I, wherein the weight fraction of the substituent on the non-polar HA derivative of general formula I is in the range of 5 to 14 wt %, preferably 9 to 12.5 wt %. Preferably, the weight ratio of the fibers of HA or a physiologically acceptable salt thereof to the fibers of non-polar hyaluronic acid derivative of general formula I contained in the upper textile unit is 5:95 to 60:40, preferably 20:80 to 55:45, and the weight ratio of fibers of hyaluronic acid or a physiologically acceptable salt thereof to the fibers of non-polar HA derivative of general formula I contained in the bottom textile unit is 20:80 to 80:20, preferably 40:60 to 60:40 (see Table 5).

[0100] The textile units preferably contain the same type of non-polar derivative, preferably lauroyl HA or palmitoyl HA, the weight fraction of the substituent in the non-polar HA derivative being different in each unit. Preferably, the textile units contain an antimicrobial agent, more preferably octenidine or octenidine dihydrochloride.

TABLE-US-00005 TABLE 5 Weight fraction of substituent in non-polar Weight ratio of derivative of HA:non-polar HA [wt %] derivative of HA Textile Material Preferable Preferable unit composition Range range Range range Upper HA + non-polar 14.0 to 15.5 to 5:95 to 20:80 to derivative of 20.0 18.0 60:40 55:45 HA Bottom HA + non-polar 5.0 to 9.0 to 20:80 to 40:60 to derivative of 14.0 12.5 80:20 60:40 HA

[0101] According to yet another embodiment, the set of textile units of the composition comprises as upper textile unit a fiber, fabric or thread comprising at least one fiber of HA or a physiologically acceptable salt thereof and at least one fiber of non-polar HA derivative of general formula I, wherein the weight fraction of the substituent on non-polar HA derivative of general formula I is in the range of 15.5 to 20 wt %, preferably 15.5 to 18 wt %, and as a middle textile unit a fiber, fabric or thread comprising at least one fiber of HA or a physiologically acceptable salt thereof and at least one fiber of non-polar HA derivative of general formula I, wherein the weight fraction of the substituent on the non-polar HA derivative of general formula I is in the range of 12.5 to 15.5 wt %, preferably 13.0 to 15 wt % and as a bottom textile unit a fiber, fabric or thread comprising at least one fiber of HA or a physiologically acceptable salt thereof and at least one fiber of non-polar hyaluronic acid derivative of general formula I, wherein the weight fraction of the substituent on the non-polar HA derivative of general formula I is in the range of 5 to 12.5 wt %, preferably 9.0 to 12.5 wt %. Preferably, the weight ratio of fibers of HA or a physiologically acceptable salt thereof to the fibers of non-polar HA derivative of general formula I contained in the upper textile unit is 5:95 to 60:40, preferably 20:80 to 55:45, furthermore the weight ratio of fibers of hyaluronic acid or a physiologically acceptable salt thereof to the fibers of non-polar HA derivative of general formula I contained in the middle textile unit is 20:80 to 80:20, preferably 40:60 to 60:40, and the weight ratio of the fibers of HA or a physiologically acceptable salt thereof to the fibers of the non-polar HA derivative of general formula I contained in the bottom textile unit is 20:80 to 80:20, preferably 40:60 to 60:40 (see Table 6).

[0102] The textile units preferably contain the same type of non-polar derivative, preferably lauroyl HA or palmitoyl HA, the weight fraction of the substituent in the non-polar HA derivative being different in each unit. Preferably, the textile units contain an antimicrobial agent, more preferably octenidine or octenidine dihydrochloride in the range of 0.07 to 0.15 wt %.

TABLE-US-00006 TABLE 6 Weight fraction of substituent in non-polar Weight ratio derivative of HA:non-polar HA [wt %] derivative of HA Textile Material Preferable Preferable unit composition Range range Range range Upper HA + non-polar 15.5 to 15.5 to 5:95 to 20:80 to derivative of 20.0 18.0 60:40 55:45 HA Middle HA + non-polar 12.5 to 13.0 to 20:80 to 40:60 to derivative of 15.5 15.0 80:20 60:40 HA Bottom HA + non-polar 5.0 to 9.0 to 20:80 to 40:60 to derivative of 12.5 12.5 80:20 60:40 HA

[0103] According to yet another embodiment, the set of textile units of the composition comprises as upper textile unit a fiber, fabric or thread comprising at least one fiber of HA or a physiologically acceptable salt thereof and at least one fiber of non-polar HA derivative of general formula I, wherein the weight fraction of the substituent on the non-polar hyaluronic acid derivative of general formula I is in the range of 14.0 to 20 wt %, preferably 15.5 to 18 wt %, furthermore as a middle textile unit a fiber, fabric or thread comprising at least one fiber of HA or a physiologically acceptable salt thereof and at least one fiber of non-polar HA derivative of general formula I, wherein the mass fraction of the substituent on the non-polar HA derivative of general formula I is in the range of 14.0 to 20 wt %, preferably 15.5 to 18 wt % and as a bottom textile unit a fiber, fabric or thread comprising at least one fiber of HA or a physiologically acceptable salt thereof and at least one fiber of non-polar HA derivative of general formula I, wherein the mass fraction of the substituent on the non-polar HA derivative of general formula I is in the range of 5.0 to 14.0 wt %, preferably 9.0 to 12.5 wt %. Preferably, the weight ratio of fibers of HA or a physiologically acceptable salt thereof to the fibers of non-polar hyaluronic acid derivative of general formula I contained in the upper textile unit is 5:95 to 50:50, preferably 20:80 to 40:60, furthermore the weight ratio of the fibers of HA or a physiologically acceptable salt thereof to the fibers of non-polar HA derivative of general formula I contained in the middle textile unit is 30:70 to 70:30, preferably 40:60 to 60:40, and the weight ratio of the fibers of hyaluronic or a physiologically acceptable salt thereof to the fibers of the non-polar HA derivative of general formula I contained in the bottom textile unit is 20:80 to 80:20, preferably 40:60 to 60:40 (see Table 7).

[0104] The textile units preferably contain the same type of non-polar derivative, preferably lauroyl HA or palmitoyl HA, wherein in the upper and middle unit the weight fraction of the substituent in the nonpolar HA derivative is the same, in the bottom unit the weight fraction of the substituent in the nonpolar HA derivative is lower. The upper and middle units differ from each other in the weight ratio of the hyaluronan and non-polar hyaluronan fibers. Preferably, the textile units contain an antimicrobial agent, more preferably octenidine or octenidine dihydrochloride.

TABLE-US-00007 TABLE 7 Weight fraction of substituent in non-polar Weight ratio of derivative of HA:non-polar HA [wt %] derivative of HA Textile Material Preferable Preferable unit composition Range range Range range Upper HA + non-polar 14.0 to 15.5 to 5:95 to 20:80 to derivative of 20.0 18.0 50:50 40:60 HA Middle HA + non-polar 14.0 to 15.5 to 30:70 to 40:60 to derivative of 20.0 18.0 70:30 60:40 HA Bottom HA + non-polar 5.0 to 9.0 to 20:80 to 40:60 to derivative of 14.0 12.5 80:20 60:40 HA

[0105] According to yet another embodiment, the set of textile units of the composition comprises as upper textile unit a fiber, fabric or thread comprising at least one chloramide fiber of a chloramide HA derivative of general formula II and at least one fiber of a non-polar HA derivative of general formula I, wherein the Cl mass fraction on the chloramide derivative of HA of general formula II is in the range of 0.4 to 4.7 wt %, preferably 3.4 to 4.7 wt % and the mass fraction of the substituent on the non-polar hyaluronic acid derivative of general formula I is in the range of 15.5 to 20 wt %, preferably 15.5 to 18 wt %, furthermore as middle textile unit a fiber, fabric or thread comprising at least one chloramide fiber of a chloramide derivative of hyaluronic acid of general formula II and at least one fiber of a nonpolar derivative of HA of general formula I, wherein the mass fraction of Cl in the chloramide derivative of HA of general formula II is in the range of 0.4 to 4.7 wt %, preferably 3.4 to 4.7 wt % and the weight fraction of the substituent on the non-polar HA derivative of general formula I is in the range of 12.5 to 15.5 wt %, preferably 13.0 to 15.5 wt % and as bottom textile unit a fiber, fabric or thread comprising at least one chloramide fiber of a chloramide derivative of HA according to general formula II and at least one fiber of HA or a physiologically acceptable salt thereof, wherein Cl weight fraction in chloramide derivative of HA of general formula II is in the range of 0.4 to 4.7 wt %, preferably 3.4 to 4.7 wt % (see Table 8).

[0106] The upper and middle textile unit preferably comprises fibers of the same type of non-polar hyaluronan derivative according to the invention, preferably lauroyl HA or palmitoyl HA, the weight fraction of substituent in the non-polar HA derivative being different in each unit, and chloramide fibers according to the invention. The bottom textile unit comprises hyaluronan fibers and chloramide fibers according to the invention.

TABLE-US-00008 TABLE 8 Weight fraction of substituent Weight fraction in non-polar of chloramide derivative of fibers in textile HA [wt %] unit [wt %] Textile Material Preferable Preferable unit composition Range range Range range Upper Non-polar 15.5 to 15.5 to 5 to 20 to derivative 20.0 18.0 60 55 of HA + chloramide HA Middle Non-polar 12.5 to 13.0 to 20 to 40 to derivative 15.5 15.0 80 60 of HA + chloramide HA Bottom HA + — — 20 to 40 to chloramide 80 60 HA

[0107] According to a further preferred embodiment, the preparation set comprises as upper textile unit a fiber, fabric or thread comprising at least one mixed chloramide fiber of a chloramide HA derivative of general formula II and a fiber of non-polar HA derivative of general formula I and at least one fiber of non-polar HA according to general formula I, wherein the weight fraction of Cl in the chloramide derivative of the hyaluronic acid according to general formula II is in the range from 4.2 to 8.1 wt %, preferably 6.6 to 8.1 wt % and the weight fraction of the substituent on the non-polar HA derivative of general formula I is in the range of 12.5 to 20 wt %, preferably 15.5 to 18 wt %, as a middle textile unit a fiber, fabric or thread comprising at least one mixed chloramide fiber formed by a chloramide HA derivative of general formula II and a non-polar HA derivative of formula I and at least one fiber of non-polar HA derivative of general formula I, wherein the weight fraction of Cl in the chloramide derivative of HA according to general formula II is in the range of 4.2 to 8.1 wt %, preferably 6.6 to 8.1 wt % and the weight fraction of the substituent on the non-polar HA derivative of general formula I is in the range of 12.5 to 20 wt %, preferably 13.0 to 15.0 wt % and as a bottom textile unit a fiber, fabric or thread comprising at least one mixed chloramide fiber of a chloramide HA derivative of formula II and a non-polar HA derivative of formula I and at least one fiber of hyaluronic acid or a physiologically acceptable salt thereof, wherein the weight fraction of Cl in the chloramide derivative of HA according to general formula II is in the range from 4.2 to 8.1 wt %, preferably 6.6 to 8.1 wt % and the weight fraction of the substituent on the non-polar HA derivative of general formula I is in the range of 12.5 to 20 wt %, preferably 13.0 to 15.0 wt % (see Table 9).

[0108] The upper and middle textile unit preferably comprises fibers of the same type of non-polar hyaluronan derivative according to the invention, preferably lauroyl HA or palmitoyl HA, and mixed chloramide fibers of chloramide derivative HA and non-polar HA derivative, preferably lauroyl HA or palmitoyl HA. The bottom textile unit comprises hyaluronan fibers and mixed chloramide fibers of a chloramide derivative of HA and a non-polar derivative of HA, preferably lauroyl HA or palmitoyl HA.

TABLE-US-00009 TABLE 9 Weight fraction of substituent Weight fraction in non-polar of chloramide derivative of fibers in textile HA [wt %] unit [wt %] Textile Material Preferable Preferable unit composition Range range Range range Upper Non-polar 12.5 to 15.5 to 5 to 20 to derivative of 20.0 18.0 60 55 HA + chloramide HA Middle Non-polar 12.5 to 13.0 to 20 to 40 to derivative of 20.0 15.0 80 60 HA + chloramide HA Bottom HA + chloramide 12.5 to 13.0 to 20 to 40 to HA + non-polar 20.0 15.0 80 60 derivative of HA

[0109] According to a further preferred embodiment, the preparation set comprises as upper textile unit a fiber, fabric or thread comprising at least one mixed chloramide fiber of a chloramide HA derivative of general formula II and HA or a physiologically acceptable salt thereof and at least one fiber of non-polar HA derivative according to general formula I, wherein the weight fraction of Cl in the chloramide derivative of the HA according to general formula II is in the range from 4.2 to 8.1 wt %, preferably 6.6 to 8.1 wt % and the weight fraction of the substituent on the non-polar HA derivative of general formula I is in the range of 15.5 to 20 wt %, preferably 15.5 to 18 wt %, furthermore, as a middle textile unit a fiber, fabric or thread comprising at least one mixed chloramide fiber of a chloramide derivative of HA of general formula II and HA or a physiologically acceptable salt thereof and at least one fiber of a non-polar HA derivative of general formula I, wherein the weight fraction of Cl in the chloramide derivative of hyaluronic acid of general formula II is in the range from 4.2 to 8.1 wt %, preferably 6.6 to 8.1 wt % and the weight fraction of the substituent on the non-polar HA derivative of general formula I is in the range of 12.5 to 15.5 wt %, preferably 13.0 to 15.0 wt %, and as a bottom textile unit a fiber, fabric or thread comprising at least one mixed chloramide fiber formed by a chloramide derivative of HA of general formula II and HA or a physiologically acceptable salt thereof and at least one fiber of HA or a physiologically acceptable salt thereof. The weight fraction of Cl on the chloramide derivative of hyaluronic acid of general formula II is in the range of 4.2 to 8.1 wt %, preferably 6.6 to 8.1 wt % (see Table 10).

[0110] The upper and middle textile unit preferably comprises fibers of the same type of non-polar derivative according to the invention, preferably lauroyl HA or palmitoyl HA, the weight fraction of substituent in non-polar HA derivative being different in each unit, and mixed chloramide fibers formed by chloramide derivative HA and hyaluronic acid. The bottom textile unit contains HA fibers and mixed chloramide fibers formed by a chloramide derivative of HA and hyaluronic acid.

TABLE-US-00010 TABLE 10 Weight fraction of substituent Weight fraction in non-polar of chloramide derivative of fibers in textile HA [wt %] unit [wt %] Textile Material Preferable Preferable unit composition Range range Range range Upper Non-polar 15.5 to 15.5 to 5 to 20 to derivative 20.0 18.0 60 55 of HA + chloramide HA + HA Middle Non-polar 12.5 to 13.0 to 20 to 40 to derivative 15.5 15.0 80 60 of HA + chloramide HA + HA Bottom HA + — — 20 to 40 to chloramide HA 80 60

[0111] According to another preferred embodiment, the weight fraction of chloramide fibers or mixed chloramide fibers contained in the upper textile unit is 5 to 60 wt % with respect to the weight of the upper textile unit, preferably 20 to 55 wt %, furthermore the weight fraction of chloramide fibers or mixed chloramide fibers contained in the middle textile unit is 20 to 80 wt % with respect to the weight of the middle textile unit, preferably 40 to 60 wt %, furthermore the weight fraction of chloramide fibers or mixed chloramide fibers contained in the bottom textile unit is 20 to 80 wt % with respect to the weight of the bottom textile unit, preferably 40 to 60 wt %, as shown in Tables 8, 9 and 10.

[0112] The following technological steps are required to form a dental preparation: The first is the formation of a fiber, which is performed by spinning a polymer solution by a method known in the prior art (WO2012089179, WO2014082610 A1, WO2014082611 A1). The process of formation of a fiber from hyaluronan or a non-polar HA derivative of general formula I begins by weighing the required amount of polymer, and mixing and dissolving it in a suitable solvent (water, water-alcohol mixture). The formed polymer solution is degassed, and then extruded by means of a spinning nozzle into a coagulation bath containing a mixture of an organic acid and an alcohol, where the viscous solution is converted into a gel-like fiber which is continuously drawn and wound on a spool. Residual solvent and coagulation bath are then removed from the fiber during washing (e.g. in alcohol). In the case of a non-polar HA derivative, washing in acetone follows. Finally, the fiber is dried. The required physicochemical and biological properties are achieved by the choice of derivative, the concentration of the spinning solution, the shape of the nozzle, the composition of the coagulation bath, the dosing rate, the winding rate, the draw ratio and the washing and drying conditions. Chloramide fibers are prepared in a similar manner Mixed chloramide fibers are formed by spinning a solution containing two polymeric components—a chloramide HA derivative of general formula II and hyaluronic acid or a chloramide HA derivative and a non-polar HA derivative of general formula I. The resulting fiber can be used either directly as a textile unit as part of a dental set preparation according to the invention, or serves as an intermediate for the formation of a thread or fabric. In this case, the mechanical textile treatment of the fibers is followed by conventional techniques, including fiber bundling, twisting, weaving, knitting, nonwoven fabric production, preferably braiding. During this processing, a textile unit is formed, preferably a braided thread or strip of fabric, which may comprise one type of fibers or of a mixture of several types of hyaluronan-based fibers according to the invention. The required thread diameter can be easily achieved by choosing the fineness of the fibers, and their number. The required width of the fabric strip can also be easily achieved—for example, for fabrics and warp knits by the number of warp threads, the nonwoven fabric can be cut into strips of the required width. The antimicrobial agent, preferably an antiseptic, is applied to the fiber, thread or fabric in the final stage of processing (with the exception of the chloramide derivative of HA of general formula II, which is a chloramide fiber or which is contained in a mixed chloramide fiber). For the application of antimicrobial agent, one of the conventional methods and technological equipment used in textile finishing can be used, such as spraying, impregnation with a wading roller, preferably padding on a foulard or nozzle application, etc. These procedures can be implemented in continuous roll-to-roll, when during rewinding a solution of antimicrobial agent is applied to the fiber, thread or fabric, the solvent is evaporated in the drying zone and the finished fabric is wound on a product roll or spool. Padding on the foulard is carried out by wetting the fiber, thread or fabric in a solution of antimicrobial agent, and squeezing the excess solution between the spinning rollers of the foulard, followed by drying and winding. The amount of antimicrobial substance applied to the fiber, thread or fabric can, in this case, be controlled in particular by the choice of the concentration of the solution, the pressure of the squeezing rollers, and by the rewinding speed. A needle nozzle can be advantageously used to apply the antimicrobial agent to the fiber or thread. In this case, the antimicrobial solution is dispensed by means of a plunger syringe and a linear dispenser into a vertically oriented needle nozzle, the mouth of which points downwards. The fiber or thread is guided so that it touches the side of the needle nozzle about 1 to 3 mm above its mouth. The solution rises on the surface of the nozzle and is continuously wiped and absorbed by the fiber or thread during rewinding. This is followed by drying and winding. The amount of antimicrobial substance applied to the fiber or thread can be controlled especially by the choice of solution concentration, dosage and by rewinding speed. During the coating process, due to the porosity of the fibers, the solution penetrates into the fiber, so that after evaporation of the solvent, the antimicrobial agent remains not only on the surface but also inside the fiber. Preferably, a solution of octenidine dihydrochloride in alcohol, preferably in ethanol, at a concentration of 1 to 8 mg/mL is used for coating. The final operation of the dental preparation is usually terminal sterilization, e.g. by gamma irradiation or ethylene oxide.

[0113] The dental preparation according to the present embodiments is unique in the sense that its carrier component is only based on one type of chemical agent (hyaluronic acid), while its properties are expediently adapted to fill the periodontal pocket, and create a suitable environment for healing. This differs significantly from the periodontal gel composition according to WO 2018158764, which contains the thermosensitive copolymer (poloxamer) necessary for the conversion of the HA solution into a gel. The presence of poloxamer as a non-degradable component of the gel composition is a disadvantage compared to the fully degradable composition of the present invention. Another difference is that the authors of the said application progress from a liquid state of low viscosity to a gel-like preparation, the viscosity of the preparation increasing. According to the present invention, based on the use of a fibrous material, the process is progressed from a solid state to a gel-like preparation. This makes the preparation easy to handle during implantation and, when inserted into the periodontal pocket, the preparation adheres well to the moist tissue and remains there without being extruded (see Example 21). As already mentioned, the key feature that distinguishes the two solutions is biodegradability. In the case of WO 2018158764, the gel composition is not fully absorbable, while the preparation of the present invention formed by fibers gradually transitioning to a gel is absorbed and this absorption is controlled depending on the type of nonpolar HA derivative of general formula I and the weight fraction of substituent (see Example 19). In vivo testing of the dental preparation according to the present embodiments showed histologically that the material remained in the gums of the rabbit for 2 weeks, while during the control at 4 weeks it was already fully resorbed and only reparative tissue was at the application site. After 6 weeks, the application site was fully healed ad integrum and the area around the implantation site showed no signs of an inflammatory reaction (see Example 20). Furthermore, in contrast to the preparation according to WO18158764, it is not necessary to have any organic solvent present in the preparation when applied to the periodontal pocket to dissolve the antimicrobial agent. The solvent is only used in the manufacturing phase when applying an antimicrobial agent, such as octenidine, and is removed during drying and sterilization to a safe value of less than 0.5 wt %. Suitable volatile solvents for applying the antimicrobial are, for example, alcohols, preferably isopropyl alcohol or ethanol, which can be easily evaporated after impregnation of the fiber, thread or fabric. Using the inhibition zone method, the antimicrobial activity of the dental preparation containing octenidine dihydrochloride according to the present embodiments against the Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans strain was demonstrated (see Example 17). On the other hand, in the in vivo test in the rabbit model, no negative reaction to the presence of the tested preparation was detected, or of the antiseptic used, even at the highest octenidine content by weight of 0.38 wt % in textile unit—thread (see example 18). The dental preparation according to the invention, in an embodiment in which it contains an antimicrobial substance, can be included among the LDDSs which have been described in the prior art. Due to the local application of the preparation, it does not come into contact with the internal environment, the active agent does not degrade during the first pass through the liver, locally high therapeutic doses can be achieved, at the application site the agent is effective for a long time and application is non-invasive, painless and easy.

[0114] From the state of the art it is apparent, that for a long time the experts have tried to create a fibrous preparation containing an antimicrobial agent intended to fill a periodontal pocket. The use of a non-degradable ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer according to U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,892,736 and 4,764,377 proved to be unsuitable and it can be assumed that even the combination of ethylene vinyl acetate with a biodegradable material according to WO 2010068940 A2 will not solve the problem with residues of non-degradable polymer. The composite material based on collagen, a copolymer of polylactic acid and polyglycolic or oxycellulose according to U.S. Pat. No. 5,447,940 A is absorbable, but it consists of materials which are not inherent in the body, and do not allow to create conditions for healing from the bottom of the pocket.

[0115] Although hyaluronan ester fibers have been known for many years according to U.S. Pat. No. 5,622,707, which have been tested in the form of a composite membrane in a series of experiments involving surgery of periodontium, experts have not exploited their application to the treatment of periodontitis. In the prior art, there is a tendency towards different application of carrier fiber systems, which were originally intended to fill the periodontal pocket, to disinfect the root system or the root canal of the tooth (WO 00/59469, WO 2010068940 A2), which suggests that the development of fibrous materials for periodontitis has reached a dead end. However, the dental preparation according to the present embodiments shows that fibers based on HA and its derivatives are a suitable material for the treatment of periodontitis. Compared to materials for controlled tissue regeneration, the dental preparation according to the present embodiments does not require surgical intervention—it is only inserted into the periodontal pocket. Compared to other materials intended to fill the periodontal pocket, its advantage is that the textile unit in the form of a fiber, thread or hyaluronan-based fabric performs a mechanical function (reinforcing and sealing), and acts as a carrier of the active agent, while all fibers contained in the dental preparation according to the present embodiments are not only biocompatible but also intrinsic to the body, are fully biodegradable and, in addition, the presence of hyaluronic acid creates suitable conditions for healing.

[0116] The inventive step in this case involved the creation of a dental preparation according to the invention, which comprises a combination of at least one hyaluronic acid fiber and at least one fiber of non-polar HA derivative according to general formula I according to the invention, and facilitates the concept of gradual pocket healing (from the bottom of the pocket); and further the systematic selection of suitable derivatives based on their biodegradability, their spinning, creation of a textile unit with a structure and geometry suitable for insertion into a pocket, development of antimicrobial incorporation technology and the verification in both in vitro, and in vivo animal model.

[0117] A person skilled in the art could be concerned that in the textile unit described in the invention, the fibers from the derivative may be washed away from the site of action, (the periodontal pocket), due to the dissolution of the HA fibers. Concerning the retention period of the product at the aimed site of action, the gel form is not entirely suitable for application into the periodontal pocket. In general, the gel is further diluted in the periodontal pocket and washed away by the blood present in the wound. Therefore, one skilled in the art would prefer to choose the variant without the presence of immediately soluble fibers of native hyaluronic acid in order to achieve the retention of the thread in the periodontal pocket. But surprisingly, in the dental preparation, the fibers of the non-polar derivative help to retain in the mass of the hyaluronic acid gel which is formed when the HA fibers are dissolved. Unlike a situation where the HA gel is applied directly into the pocket, and nothing else keeps it in. When fibers/threads only from the HA derivative are used, there is no benefit of the presence of simple HA, the healing effects of which are known.

[0118] If an antimicrobial agent, in particular octenidine, is coated on threads or fabrics formed by only one type of fiber, i.e. either HA fibers or non-polar hyaluronan fibers of general formula I, then the octenidine content is comparable in both cases while using the same process parameters (see example 15). A surprising finding, therefore, was that the distribution of octenidine deposited on the thread formed by the mixture of hyaluronan fibers and non-polar hyaluronan fibers is markedly asymmetric—the octenidine content on non-polar HA derivatives is significantly higher than on HA fibers (see Example 16). Surprisingly, the asymmetric distribution of octenidine between the two types of fibers occurs over a very short period of time during continuous application, with the time between soaking the thread or fabric with octenidine solution and evaporating the solvent being only a few seconds. If the weight ratio of the hyaluronic acid fibers to the fibers of the non-polar HA derivative in the textile unit (thread or fabric) is about 50:50, then the total amount of octenidine contained is about 25 wt % octenidine present in the hyaluronic acid fibers, while 75 wt % is in non-polar HA derivative fibers. This effect is advantageous for achieving a longer antimicrobial effect of the formulation, as octenidine released from dissolved hyaluronan fibers kills pathogenic microorganisms initially after implantation into the periodontal pocket, while most octenidine anchored in swollen fibers from nonpolar hyluronan derivative is gradually released. during polymer biodegradation. The controlled release of the antimicrobial can be further influenced by the weight ratio of the fibers in the textile unit:If the weight ratio of hyaluronic acid fibers to non-polar HA derivatives is about 25:75, then only about 7 wt % of the total amount of octenidine in the textile unit is present in the fibers of hyaluronan, while in fibers of the non-polar derivative about 93 wt %. At the opposite weight ratio of fibers, i.e. 75:15, about 50 wt % is present in both the hyaluronic acid fibers and the non-polar HA derivative fibers. A higher proportion of hyaluronic acid fibers promotes the antimicrobial action of the dental preparation in the initial phase after implantation, while reducing their proportion in favor of non-polar HA-derived fibers promotes antimicrobial action over a longer period of time.

Definitions and Abbreviations

[0119] Hyaluronic acid, hyaluronan, HA: polymer consisting of repeating disaccharide units formed by D-glucuronic acid and N-acetylglucosamine Hyaluronic acid, resp. hyaluronan (HA) also means a physiologically acceptable salt thereof selected from the group comprising a physiologically acceptable metal cation, i.e. an alkali metal ion or an alkaline earth ion, preferably Na.sup.+, K.sup.+, Ca.sup.2+, Mg.sup.2+, more preferably Na.sup.+.
Non-polar HA derivative: modified hyaluronan of general formula I containing a substituent in the form of acyl, ethyl or benzyl. A non-polar derivative is also understood to mean a physiologically acceptable salt thereof selected from the group comprising of a physiologically acceptable metal cation, i.e. an alkali metal ion or an alkaline earth ion, preferably Na.sup.+, K.sup.+, Ca.sup.2+, Mg.sup.2+, more preferably Na.sup.+.
Chloramide derivative HA, hyaluronan chloramide: a hyaluronan derivative of general formula II having a hydrogen of the amide group —NH—CO— substituted by a chlorine atom of the structural formula —NCl—CO—. The chloramide derivative according to the present embodiments is also understood to mean a physiologically acceptable salt thereof selected from the group comprising a physiologically acceptable metal cation, i.e. an alkali metal ion or an alkaline earth ion, preferably Na.sup.+, K.sup.+, Ca.sup.2+, Mg.sup.2+, more preferably Na.sup.+.
Physiologically acceptable metal cation: alkali metal ion or alkaline earth ion, preferably Na.sup.+, K.sup.+, Ca.sup.2+, Mg.sup.2+, more preferably Na.sup.+.
Monofil: a single filament, extruded separately using a single-hole spinning nozzle
Multifil: an endless filament formed by a bundle of fibrils of the same composition, simultaneously extruded by a spinning nozzle with two or more holes
Staple fiber: a short fiber with a length ranging from 1 to 150 mm.
Fiber: monofilament, multifilament, or staple fiber as defined above. The fineness of the fibers of HA, non-polar HA derivative or HA chloramide is in the range of 3 to 40 tex, preferably 6 to 11 tex.
Fineness, abbreviated T: length weight of fiber or thread; it is expressed in units of [tex](1 tex=1 g/km=1 mg/m). The fineness values reported in this document were determined gravimetrically.
Fiber thickness: The width of the fiber projection. In different directions, the fiber thickness is different because the fibers of hyaluronan and its derivatives have an irregular (non-circular) cross section due to the coagulation process. For this reason, the diameter of these fibers cannot be determined.
Fabric: a planar or tubular structure comprising the fibers of the present embodiments; it may be a woven, non-woven, knitted or plaited fabric.
Thread: a length structure comprising the fibers of the present embodiments and made by textile processes, which may include joining, braiding, twisting, plying, knitting, preferably braiding. It may be a bundle of parallel oriented fibers formed by combining two or more fibers of the same or different composition, a twisted bundle of fibers, a knitted chain or a braided thread.
Chloramide fiber: a fiber from the chloramide derivative HA according to the present embodiments.
Mixed chloramide fiber: a fiber comprising a chloramide HA derivative of the present embodiments and hyaluronic acid, or a chloramide HA derivative of the present embodiments and a non-polar hyaluronic acid derivative of general formula I.
Textile unit: a form of a dental preparation according to the present embodiments, comprising a combination of at least one hyaluronan fiber and at least one fiber of non-polar hyaluronan derivative according to general formula I. If the dental preparation according to the present embodiments comprises a set of textile units (i.e. two or more textile units) some of the textile units may comprise a fiber, fibers, fabric or thread of hyaluronan, or a fiber, fibers, fabric or thread of a non-polar hyaluronan derivative of general formula I, or a chloramide fiber or a mixed chloramide fiber. Thus, a textile unit is a fiber, thread or fabric.
Bottom textile unit: a fibrous structure of a specific composition according to the present embodiments, intended for insertion on the bottom of a periodontal pocket
Middle textile unit: a fibrous structure of a specific composition according to the present embodiments, intended for insertion into the central region of a periodontal pocket
Upper textile unit: a fibrous structure of a specific composition according to the present embodiments, intended for insertion into the upper region of a periodontal pocket
Set: A group of at least two textile units of different material composition intended for different areas of the periodontal pocket
Substituent: in the non-polar hyaluronic acid derivative of general formula I, either R is selected from the group comprising benzyl or ethyl or R.sup.1 is acyl, i.e. —C(═O)C.sub.xH.sub.y. In the chloramide derivative of hyaluronic acid of general formula II, the substituent R.sup.2 is chlorine.
Support treatment: This is a process that helps to successfully regenerate and heal the tissue, i.e. to treat. HA as an important component of the extracellular matrix in the whole organism represents an essential component of the connective tissue of the periodontium (periodontal ligaments, gums). Thus, the presence of HA and the HA derivatives of the present embodiments within the periodontal pocket serves as an ideal environment for the formation of new periodontal ligaments and the replacement of lost tissue. Due to the presence of the antimicrobial agent according to the invention, the root surface is disinfected, and the inner surface of the periodontal pocket is prevented from being recolonized by microorganisms from the environment of the oral cavity. One skilled in the art will appreciate that the antimicrobial agent promotes treatment and that HA in combination with HA derivatives is involved in both treatment and support.

Analytical Methods

[0120] HPLC: high-performance liquid chromatography. The content of antiseptics (octenidine and chlorhexidine) in the dental preparation according to the present embodiments was determined by this analytical method. The antiseptic content is expressed as the ratio of the weight of the antiseptic in the sample to the total weight of the sample of the dental preparation. The resulting value is expressed in weight percent [wt %].
GC: gas chromatography. The content of the substituent (lauroyl, palmitoyl, capronoyl) in the nonpolar HA derivative was determined by this analytical method. The content of the substituent is expressed as the ratio of the weight of the substituent in the sample of the non-polar HA derivative and the total weight of the sample of the non-polar HA derivative. The resulting value, referred to as the weight fraction of the substituent, is expressed in weight percent [wt %].
NMR: Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The content of the substituent (chlorine) in the chloramide derivative of HA was determined by this analytical method. The content of the substituent is expressed as the ratio of the weight of the substituent in the sample of the chloramide derivative HA and the total weight of the sample of the chloramide derivative HA. The resulting value, referred to as the weight fraction of the substituent, is expressed in weight percent [wt %]. In some cases, the degree of substitution (abbreviation DS) is also given for comparability with CZ308010. For the chloramide derivative HA, the following relationship applies between the weight fraction of the substituent (w/w) and the degree of substitution (abbreviation DS=molar amount of modified disaccharides/molar amount of all disaccharides): w/w=DS×35.45/(400+DS×35.45)
Laser sensor: It was used to measure the thread diameter in dry state, if a sample with a length of min. 50 m was available. The measuring principle consists in periodically sensing the thread thickness using a laser during rewinding, in four directions of 45° (perpendicular to the thread axis). The resulting thread diameter was then calculated by averaging the measured values. An Accuscan 6012 instrument was used for the measurement.
Optical microscopy: It was used to measure fiber thickness and thread diameter in both dry and wet conditions. A Nikon Ci-L instrument and NIS-elements image analysis were used for the measurements. The diameter of the dry threads was measured by optical microscopy if the available thread length was less than 50 m.

EXAMPLES

Example 1: Synthesis of Capronoyl Hyaluronan

[0121] 1000 g of hyaluronan with a weight average molecular weight (Mw) of 2.4×10.sup.5 g/mol were dissolved in 20 liters of distilled water. Then 3.2 equivalents of triethylamine and 3 g of 4-dimethylaminopyridine were added as catalysts and 20 liters of isopropanol were added. The mixture was homogenized for 3 hours. Then 2.1 equivalents of hexanoic anhydride were added. The reaction was carried out at 20° C. for 2.5 hours. The product was isolated by precipitation with 20 liters of absolute isopropanol and then repeatedly purified with isopropanol at a concentration in the following order: 100%, 85% (5x), 100% (2x)-20 liters each. Finally, the product was dehydrated with absolute isopropanol and dried for 72 hours at 40° C. in a hot air oven. The resulting weight fraction of substituent in the resulting capronoyl of hyaluronan was 8.32 wt % (determined by GC). The Mw of the derivative did not change compared to the starting hyaluronan.

Example 2: Synthesis of Lauroyl Hyaluronan with Low Fraction of Substituent

[0122] 25 g of hyaluronan with Mw of 3.4×10.sup.5 g/mol were dissolved in 350 ml of distilled water. Then 1.6 equivalents of triethylamine and 0.38 g of 4-dimethylaminopyridine as catalysts and 350 ml of tetrahydrofuran were added. The mixture was homogenized for 2 hours. Then 0.8 equivalent of lauric anhydride was added. The reaction was run at 20° C. for 3 hours. The product was isolated by precipitation with 3 liters of absolute isopropanol and then repeatedly purified with isopropanol at a concentration in the following order: 100%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 100% (2x) -2 liters each. Finally, the product was dehydrated with absolute isopropanol and dried for 72 hours at 40° C. in a hot air oven. The resulting weight fraction of substituent in the resulting lauroyl hyaluronan was 10.96 wt % (determined by GC). The Mw of the derivative did not change compared to the starting hyaluronan.

Example 3: Synthesis of Lauroyl Hyaluronan with High Fraction of Substituent

[0123] 25 g of hyaluronan with Mw of 3.4×10.sup.5 g/mol were dissolved in 350 ml of distilled water. Then 2.1 equivalents of triethylamine and 0.38 g of 4-dimethylaminopyridine as catalysts and 350 ml of tetrahydrofuran were added. The mixture was homogenized for 2 hours. Then 1.3 equivalents of lauric anhydride were added. The reaction was run at 20° C. for 3 hours. The product was isolated by precipitation with 3 liters of absolute isopropanol and then repeatedly purified with isopropanol at a concentration in the following order: 100%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 100% (2x) -2 liters each. Finally, the product was dehydrated with absolute isopropanol and dried for 72 hours at 40° C. in a hot air oven. The resulting weight fraction of substituent in the resulting lauroyl hyaluronan was 15.90 wt % (determined by GC). The Mw of the derivative did not change compared to the starting hyaluronan.

Example 4: Capronoyl Hyaluronan Fiber

[0124] Capronoyl hyaluronan with Mw of 2.4×10.sup.5 g/mol and a weight fraction of substituent 8.32 wt % prepared according to the procedure of Example 1 was used as the starting material for the fiber formation. By dissolving 2.5 g of this polymer in a mixture consisting of 26 ml of isopropanol and 26 ml of demineralized water, a solution with a concentration of 48 mg/ml was prepared. After reconstitution, the solution was transferred to a syringe and degassed by centrifugation. The solution was metered at a rate of 200 μl/min into a 1:4 lactic acid-isopropanol precipitation bath. The fiber was wound at a speed of 1.32 m/min. Subsequently, the fiber was washed in ethanol, then in acetone and finally dried. The fiber fineness was 9.1 tex, thickness 100 μm, strength 1.15 N and ductility 13.9%.

Example 5: Fiber of Lauroyl Hyaluronan with Low Fraction of Substituent

[0125] Lauroyl hyaluronan with Mw of 3.4×10.sup.5 g/mol and a weight fraction of substituent of 10.96 wt %, prepared according to the procedure of Example 2 was used as the starting material for the fiber formation. A solution with a concentration of 49 mg/ml was prepared by dissolving 15.42 g of this polymer in a mixture consisting of 156 ml of isopropanol and 156 ml of demineralized water. After reconstitution, the solution was transferred to a syringe and degassed with centrifuge. The solution was metered at a rate of 200 μl/min into a 1:4 lactic acid-isopropanol precipitation bath. The fiber was wound at a speed of 1.32 m/min. Subsequently, the fiber was washed in isopropanol, then in acetone and finally dried. The fineness of the fiber was 8.2 tex, thickness 100 μm, strength 0.86 N and ductility 20.6%. Subsequently, the fiber thickness after 20 minutes of wetting was determined using an optical microscope: a) in demineralized water, b) in phosphate buffer. Subsequently, the radial swelling of the fiber was calculated as the ratio of the increase in the thickness of the swollen fiber to the thickness of the starting dry fiber. The radial swelling was 165% in demineralized water and 576% in phosphate buffer. To determine the rate of enzymatic degradation of the fiber in vitro, the methodology known from the prior art was adapted, which was originally developed to study the degradation of hyaluronan-based hydrogels (Bobula et al. 2017) and hyaluronan-based thin films (Chmelařet al. 2019). Briefly, a sample of the fiber (10.0 mg±0.5 mg) was placed in a glass vial and embedded in 1 mL of degradation solution (50 mM phosphate buffer pH 7.0) containing the SpHyl enzyme (0.11 IU mL.sup.−1). The glass vial was sealed and placed in a tempered shaking thermostat at 37° C. At predetermined intervals (20, 40, 60 min, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 24, 36, 48, 60 and 72 hours), the degradation solution was removed and replaced with fresh solution. In each time interval, the amount of HA/lauroyl HA released into the solution was determined spectrophotometrically (Pepeliaev et al. 2017). The rate of degradation [wt %/hour] was determined from the linear dependence of the cumulative release of HA/lauroyl HA [wt %] on the degradation time [hours]. All experiments were performed in duplicate. The rate of enzymatic degradation of lauroyl HA fibers in vitro was 94.9 wt %/hour. At this enzyme content, the rate of enzymatic degradation was very fast, and the evaluation was performed only from the first three time points of the whole experiment (as the sample was degraded afterwards).

Example 6: Fiber of Lauroyl Hyaluronan with High Fraction of Substituent

[0126] Lauroyl hyaluronan with Mw a of 3.4×10.sup.5 g/mol and a weight fraction of the substituent of 15.90 wt % prepared according to the procedure of Example 3 was used as the starting material for the fiber formation. A solution with a concentration of 49 mg/ml was prepared by dissolving 15.42 g of this polymer in a mixture consisting of 156 ml of isopropanol and 156 ml of demineralized water. After reconstitution, the solution was transferred to a syringe and degassed by centrifugation. The solution was metered at a rate of 200 μl/min into a 1:4 lactic acid-isopropanol precipitation bath. The fiber was wound at a speed of 1.32 m/min. Subsequently, the fiber was washed in isopropanol, then in acetone and finally dried. The fineness of the fiber was 8.3 tex, thickness 102 μm, strength 0.84 N and ductility 22.3%. Subsequently, the fiber thickness after 20 minutes of wetting was determined using an optical microscope: a) in demineralized water, b) in phosphate buffer. Subsequently, the radial swelling of the fiber was calculated as the ratio of the increase in the thickness of the swollen fiber to the thickness of the starting dry fiber. The radial swelling was 90% in demineralized water and 296% in phosphate buffer. The rate of enzymatic degradation of lauroyl HA fibers in vitro, determined by the procedure described in Example 5, was 7.2%/hour (evaluation was performed in the range of 0-12 hours of degradation).

Example 7: Fiber of Hyaluronan Palmitoyl Ester

[0127] Hyaluronan palmitoyl ester with Mw of 3.3×10.sup.5 g/mol and a weight fraction of substituent of 13.97 wt % prepared by a method known in the art (WO2014082611 A1) was used as the starting material for the fiber formation. A solution with a concentration of 54 mg/ml was prepared by dissolving 2.8 g of this polymer in a mixture of 26 ml of isopropanol and 26 ml of demineralized water. After reconstitution, the solution was transferred to a syringe and degassed by centrifugation. The solution was metered at a rate of 200 μl/min into a 1:4 lactic acid-isopropanol precipitation bath. The fiber was wound at a speed of 1.45 m/min. Subsequently, the fiber was washed in isopropanol, then in acetone and finally dried. The fineness of the fiber was 8.9 tex, thickness 98 μm, strength 0.62 N and ductility 19.2%. Subsequently, the fiber thickness after 20 minutes of wetting was determined using an optical microscope: a) in demineralized water, b) in physiological saline (0.9% aqueous NaCl solution). Subsequently, the radial swelling of the fiber was calculated as the ratio of the increase in the thickness of the swollen fiber to the thickness of the starting dry fiber. The radial swelling was 230% in demineralized water and 212% in saline.

Example 8: Dental Preparation Containing Hyaluronan and Hyaluronan Ethyl Ester

[0128] A multifilament fiber of hyaluronan having Mw of 4.4×10.sup.5 g/mol, prepared by a method known in the art (WO2012089179) was used for the dental preparation, wherein the fineness of a multifilament consisting of 7 fibrils was 35 tex, and a multifilament fiber of hyaluronan ethyl ester of Mw of 2.3×10.sup.5 g/mol and weight fraction of substituent 6.0 wt % (DS 52%), prepared according to a method known in the art (U.S. Pat. No. 5,622,707), the fineness of the multifilament consisting of 7 fibrils being 37 tex. On the VUB ring twisting machine, these multifilament fibers were combined and twisted together at a fiber feed speed of 10 m/min and a spindle speed of 2200 min.sup.−1. The resulting dental preparation in the form of a twisted thread had a diameter of 285 μm and a twist of 220 m.sup.−1.

Example 9: Dental Preparation Containing Hyaluronan and Hyaluronan Benzyl Ester

[0129] A multifilament fiber of HA having Mw of 4.4×10.sup.5 g/mol, prepared according to a prior art method (WO2012089179) was used for the dental preparation, the fineness of the multifilament consisting of 7 fibrils being 35 tex, and a multifilament fiber of hyaluronan benzyl ester of Mw of 2.3×10.sup.5 g/mol and weight fraction of substituent 25.7 wt % (DS 95%), prepared according to a method known in the art (U.S. Pat. No. 5,622,707), the fineness of the 7-fibril multifilament being 34 tex. On the VUB ring twisting machine, these multifilament fibers were combined and twisted together at a fiber feed speed of 10 m/min and a spindle speed of 2200 min.sup.−1. The resulting dental preparation in the form of a twisted thread had a diameter of 273 μm and a twist of 220 m.sup.−1.

Example 10: A Set of Textile Units in the Form of a Fabric Strip

[0130] Monofilament fibers of lauroyl HA with Mw of 3.5×10.sup.5 g/mol and a weight fraction of substituent of 14.41 wt % and a fineness of 8.2 tex prepared in a manner similar to Example 6 were used for the upper textile unit. On a VUB ring twisting machine, two of these fibers were combined and twisted together at a fiber feed speed of 10 m/min and a spindle speed of 3000 min.sup.−1. The resulting thread had a twist of 300 m.sup.−1. Subsequently, two warps were prepared, each consisting of four threads. A double warp knitting machine Comez with a division of G12 (12 needles per 2.54 mm) was used to create the fabric—raschel. Three reed needles were mounted on the front and rear bed of the machine. Subsequently, with the help of two laying devices, a strip of double-faced fabric was knitted in a knitted weave with closed stitches (laying device formulas—front: 2-2/2-1/2-2/2-3//; back: 2-1/2-2/2-3/2-2//). The resulting width of the fabric strip was 7 mm. The textile unit in the form of a textile strip is shown in FIG. 2b.

[0131] Monofilament hyaluronan fibers with Mw of 4.4×10.sup.5 g/mol and a fineness of 8.3 tex prepared according to a method known from the prior art (WO2012089179) were used for the lower textile unit. On the VUB ring twisting machine, two of these fibers were combined and twisted together at a fiber feed speed of 10 m/min and a spindle speed of 3000 min.sup.−1. The resulting thread had a twist of 300 m.sup.−1. Subsequently, two warps were prepared, each consisting of four threads. On a Comez double warp knitting machine with a G12 division, a strip of fabric was knitted in the same way as for the upper textile unit. The resulting width of the fabric strip was 7 mm

Example 11: A Set of Textile Units in the Form of a Braided Thread I

[0132] Hyaluronan monofilament fibers with Mw of 3.99×10.sup.5 g/mol and a fineness of 8.5 tex, prepared by a method known in the art (WO2012089179), and lauroyl HA fibers with Mwof 3.5×10.sup.5 g/mol, fineness 8.9 tex and substituent content 16.45 wt %, prepared in a similar manner to Example 6 were used. A series of braided threads (textile units) was formed from these fibers on a Steeger horizontal braiding machine, which contained a combination of hyaluronan fibers and hyaluronan lauroyl fibers, the individual fiber types being represented in the threads in different number; in total, each thread contained 16 fibers. The structural characteristics of the individual textile units in the form of thread are given in Table 11. The values of the weight ratio of fibers in the thread P.sub.HA:P.sub.D (here the ratio hyaluronan: lauroyl HA) were calculated according to the relations

P.sub.HA=N.sub.HA×T.sub.HA(N.sub.HA×T.sub.HA+N.sub.D×T.sub.D)×100,

and

P.sub.D=N.sub.D×T.sub.D(N.sub.HA×T.sub.HA+N.sub.D×T.sub.D)×100,

where P.sub.HA is the weight fraction of HA fibers [wt %], P.sub.D=is the weight fraction of fibers from the non-polar derivative HA [wt %], NITA is the number of HA fibers in the thread, T.sub.HA is the fineness of the HA fibers, N.sub.D is the number of fibers of the non-polar HA derivative in the thread, and T.sub.D is the fineness of the non-polar HA derivative fibers. To determine the rate of enzymatic degradation of threads in vitro, a methodology known from the prior art was adapted, which was originally developed to study the degradation of hyaluronan-based hydrogels (Bobula et al. 2017) and hyaluronan-based thin films (Chmelařet al. 2019). Simply put, a thread sample (10 mg±0.5 mg) was placed in a glass vial and poured over with 1 mL of degradation solution (50 mM phosphate buffer pH 7.0) containing SpHyl enzyme (0.0033 IU mL.sup.−1). The glass vial was sealed and placed in a tempered shaking thermostat at 37° C. At predetermined time points (20, 40, 60 min, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 24, 36, 48, 60 and 72 hours), the degradation solution was removed and replaced with fresh solution. In each time point the amount of HA/lauroyl HA released into the solution was determined spectrophotometrically (Pepeliaev et al. 2017). Degradation rate [wt %/hour] was determined from the linear dependence of the cumulative release of HA/lauroyl HA [wt %] at degradation time [hours]. All experiments were performed in duplicate. Table 11 lists the two degradation rates for each sample. The first number indicates the degradation of native HA (evaluated from degradation samples taken in time points between 0-2 hours) and the second value is evaluated from areas where lauroyl HA is degraded (middle and bottom textile unit—times 2-4 hours, upper textile unit—times 2-8 hours). From the results shown in Table 11, it is clear that with increasing weight fraction of lauroyl HA fibers in the textile unit, the rate of its enzymatic degradation decreases.

TABLE-US-00011 TABLE 11 Number Weight Rate of of ratio Thread enzymatic Textile Material fibers in of fibers diameter* degradation unit composition a thread P.sub.HA:P.sub.D [μm] [%/hrs] Upper Hyaluronan 4 24:76 551 22.24/10.29 Lauroyl HA 12 Middle Hyaluronan 8 49:51 551 31.86/14.64 Lauroyl HA 8 Bottom Hyaluronan 12 74:26 512 82.88/16.96 Lauroyl HA 4 *Determined using an optical microscope

Example 12: Set of Textile Units in the Form of Braided Thread II

[0133] Hyaluronan monofilament fibers with Mw of 4.30×10.sup.5 g/mol and a fineness in the range of 7.89 to 7.92 tex, prepared by a method known in the art (WO2012089179), and lauroyl HA fibers with a weight average molecular weight of 3.40×10.sup.5 g/mol, fineness in the range of 7.63 to 8.49 tex and weight fraction of the substituent 13.69 wt %, prepared in a similar manner to Example 6, were used. From these fibers, a series of braided threads (textile units) were formed on a Steeger horizontal braiding machine, which contained a combination of hyaluronan fibers and lauroyl hyaluronan fibers, each containing a total of 24 fibers.

Example 13: Set of Textile Units in the Form of Braided Thread III

[0134] HA monofilaments with Mw of 4.30×10.sup.5 g/mol and a fineness in the range of 7.89 to 7.89 tex, prepared by a method known from the prior art (WO2012089179), and lauroyl HA fibers with Mw of 3.40×10.sup.5 g/mol, fineness in the range of 7.63 to 8.29 tex and weight fraction of substituent 13.69 wt %, prepared in a similar manner to Example 6 were used. A series of braided threads (textile units) containing a combination of hyaluronan fibers and lauroyl hyaluronan fibers was formed from these fibers on a Steeger horizontal braiding machine, each of which contained a total of 32 fibers.

Example 14: Swelling of a Dental Preparation in Saliva

[0135] Hyaluronan monofilaments prepared by a method known in the art (WO2012089179), lauroyl HA monofilaments prepared in a similar manner to Example 6 and palmitoyl HA monofilaments prepared by a similar procedure as in Example 7 were used. Mw of the fibers, fineness and, in the case of non-polar derivatives, the mass fractions of the substituent are given in Table 12. From these fibers, a series of braided threads were formed on a Steeger horizontal splicing machine containing a combination of HA fibers and non-polar HA fibers (lauroyl HA or palmitoyl HA) the individual fiber types being present in the threads in the same or different numbers; in total, each thread contained 16 fibers. The structural characteristics of the individual variants of the dental preparation in the form of a thread are given in Table 12. The values of the fiber weight ratio in the P.sub.HA: P.sub.D thread were calculated according to the relations given in Example 11.

[0136] For each variant, the diameter of the thread in the dry state and the diameters of the thread after soaking in saliva for 20 minutes and 90 minutes were determined using an optical microscope. An example of the time course of swelling is recorded in the images in FIG. 3. The results are shown graphically in FIG. 6.

TABLE-US-00012 TABLE 12 Characteristics of variants of a dental preparation in the form of a thread containing hyaluronan fibers and fibers of a non-polar hyaluronan derivative in different weight ratios. Weight Weight average fraction of Fiber Number Mass ratio Material molecular substituent fineness of fibers of fibers Variant composition weight [g/mol] [wt %] [tex] in thread P.sub.HA:P.sub.D A Hyaluronan 3.99 × 10.sup.5 N/A 8.7 8 52:48 Lauroyl HA 3.4 × 10.sup.5 13.11 7.9 8 B Hyaluronan 3.99 × 10.sup.5 N/A 8.3 4 24:76 Lauroyl HA 3.5 × 10.sup.5 16.45 8.7 12 C Hyaluronan 3.99 × 10.sup.5 N/A 8.1 8 49:51 Lauroyl HA 3.5 × 10.sup.5 16.36 8.4 8 D Hyaluronan 3.99 × 10.sup.5 N/A 8.3 12 74:26 Lauroyl HA 3.5 × 10.sup.5 16.45 8.7 4 E Hyaluronan 6.0 × 10.sup.5 N/A 10.3 8 52:48 Palmitoyl 3.1 × 10.sup.5 14.03 9.4 8 HA

Example 15: Textile Units Containing Octenidine

[0137] Hyaluronan fibers prepared by a method known in the art (WO2012089179), lauroyl HA monofilament fibers prepared in a similar manner to Examples 5 and 6, and palmitoyl HA monofilament fibers prepared by a similar procedure as in Example 7 were used. Weight average molecular weights and in the case of non-polar derivatives, the weight fractions of the substituent are given in Table 13. From these fibers, a series of braided threads were formed on a Steeger horizontal splicing machine containing either one type of fiber or a combination of HA fibers and fibers of non-polar derivative of HA (lauroyl HA or palmitoyl HA). The threads each contained a total of 16 fibers. In the case of a combination of fibers, then the thread contained 8 fibers of HA and 8 fibers of a non-polar derivative of HA. The characteristics of the individual variants of textile units in the form of thread are given in Table 13.

TABLE-US-00013 TABLE 13 Characteristics of textile unit variants in the form of a thread containing hyaluronan fibers and non-polar hyaluronan derivative fibers. Weight Weight average fraction molecular of the Fiber Thread Thread Material weight substituent fineness diameter variant composition [g/mol] [wt %] [tex] [μm] A Palmitoyl HA 3.3 × 10.sup.5 13.97 8.9 545 B Palmitoyl HA 9.9 × 10.sup.5 23.09 8.8 635 C Hyaluronan 6.0 × 10.sup.5 — 10.4 565 Palmitoyl HA 3.3 × 10.sup.5 13.97 8.9 D Lauroyl HA 9.9 × 10.sup.5 10.26 4.4 468 E Lauroyl HA 3.3 × 10.sup.5 18.24 10.1 627 F Hyaluronan 6.0 × 10.sup.5 — 10.4 461 Lauroyl HA 9.9 × 10.sup.5 10.26 4.4 G Hyaluronan 6.0 × 10.sup.5 — 10.4 573

[0138] Subsequently, each thread was divided into three sections, which were impregnated with an octenidine dihydrochloride solution at three different concentrations (2 mg/ml, 4 mg/ml, 6 mg/ml) using a Werner-Mathis laboratory horizontal foulard. Ethanol was used as the solvent. For all variants, the roller speed was set to 1 m/min and the identical roller pressure was 30%. This was followed by evaporation of the solvent at room temperature. The weight fraction of octenidine in the individual thread variants is given in Table 14.

TABLE-US-00014 TABLE 14 Octenidine content in individual variants of the textile unit in the form of a thread at different concentrations of octenidine solution. Material composition Weight fraction of Thread (weight fraction of the octenidine [wt %] variant substituent) 2 mg/ml 4 mg/ml 6 mg/ml A Palmitoyl HA (13.97 wt %) 0.23 0.42 0.73 B Palmitoyl HA (23.09 wt %) 0.22 0.41 0.64 C Palmitoyl HA (13.97 wt %) 0.21 0.35 0.87 Hyaluronan D Lauroyl HA (10.26 wt %) — 0.56 0.98 E Lauroyl HA (18.24 wt %) 0.19 0.35 0.59 F Hyaluronan 0.22 0.35 0.69 Lauroyl HA (10.26 wt % G Hyaluronan 0.20 0.36 0.67

Example 16: Distribution of Octenidine in Dental Preparation Containing Hyaluronan Fibers and Lauroyl Hyaluronan Fibers

[0139] Hyaluronan monofilaments prepared by a method known in the art (WO2012089179) and lauroyl HA monofilaments prepared by a procedure similar to Examples 5 and 6 were used. Weight average molecular weight of the fibers, fineness and in the case of lauroyl HA weight fractions of the substituent are shown in Table 15. From these fibers, a series of braided threads were formed on a Steeger horizontal braiding machine, which contained a combination of hyaluronan fibers and hyaluronan lauroyl fibers, the different fiber types being represented in the threads in different numbers; in total, each thread contained 16 fibers. The characteristics of the individual fiber and thread variants are given in Table 15 and Table 16. The weight ratio of hyaluronan fibers to lauroyl HA fibers (P.sub.HA: P.sub.D) was calculated as in Example 14. The individual thread variants were then impregnated with octenidine dihydrochloride solution using a needle nozzle. The same concentration of octenidine 2.72 mg/ml in the solution was used for all variants. Ethanol was used as the solvent. A dosing rate of 0.1 ml/min was used for application. The thread was rewound at a speed of 2 m/min. The solvent was evaporated from the threads using plate infrared heaters. Subsequently, samples of impregnated threads were taken; these samples were unraveled, and the HA fibers and the lauroyl HA fibers were separated (the fibers are visually different). The weight fraction of octenidine was then determined for both types of fibers. The resulting values of the weight fraction of octenidine in the thread and in the individual fiber components are given in Table 16. The table also contains data on the distribution of octenidine among the fiber components of the individual thread variants. The relative amount of octenidine RO.sub.HA [wt %] in HA fibers and the relative amount of octenidine RO.sub.D Nit % in fibers of a non-polar derivative (lauroyl) based on the total weight fraction of octenidine OKT.sub.T [wt %] in the textile unit (threads) were calculated according to the relations

RO.sub.HA=OKT.sub.HA×P.sub.HA/OKT.sub.T,

and

RO.sub.D=OKT.sub.Dx P.sub.D/OKT.sub.T,

where OKT.sub.HA Nit % is the weight fraction of octenidine in the fibers from HA, P.sub.HA [wt %] is the weight fraction of hyaluronan fibers in the thread, OKT.sub.D [wt %] is the weight fraction of octenidine in the fibers from the non-polar derivative HA (here lauroyl HA) and P.sub.D [wt %] is the weight fraction of fibers of a non-polar HA derivative in the thread [wt %]. It is clear from the results that octenidine is preferentially deposited on fibers/into fibers of lauroyl HA, and to a lesser extent on fibers/into fibers of HA. Further commentary on these results is set forth herein.

TABLE-US-00015 TABLE 15 Characteristics of variants of a dental preparation in the form of a thread containing hyaluronan fibers and lauroyl hyaluronan fibers. Weight Variant of Weight average fraction of the Fiber Number of Thread dental Material molecular weight substituent fineness fibers in a diameter preparation composition [g/mol] [wt %] [tex] thread [μm] A Hyaluronan 3.99 × 10.sup.5 — 8.5 8 495* Lauroyl HA 3.5 × 10.sup.5 9.87 8.8 8 B Hyaluronan 3.99 × 10.sup.5 — 8.6 8 483* Lauroyl HA 3.2 × 10.sup.5 12.98 8.9 8 C Hyaluronan 3.99 × 10.sup.5 — 8.7 8 486* Lauroyl HA 3.5 × 10.sup.5 16.45 8.8 8 D Hyaluronan 3.99 × 10.sup.5 — 8.2 4 498* Lauroyl HA 3.5 × 10.sup.5 16.45 8.7 12 E Hyaluronan 3.99 × 10.sup.5 — 8.5 4 510** Lauroyl HA 3.5 × 10.sup.5 16.45 9.0 12 *Thread diameter determined by laser scanner; **Thread diameter determined using an optical microscope;

TABLE-US-00016 TABLE 16 Octenidine content in the thread and distribution of octenidine in its fiber components at different weight ratios of fibers in the thread and different weight fraction of substituent in lauroyl HA. Weight Relative Weight Weight fraction of amount of fraction of ratio octenidine octenidine octenidine of Fiber in a fiber in a fiber in a thread fibers Variant component [wt %] [wt %] [wt %] P.sub.HA:P.sub.D A Hyaluronan 0.06 24 0.11 49:51 Lauroyl HA 0.17 76 B Hyaluronan 0.05 23 0.10 49:51 Lauroyl HA 0.16 77 C Hyaluronan 0.04 19 0.10 50:50 Lauroyl HA 0.16 81 D Hyaluronan 0.03 7 0.10 24:76 Lauroyl HA 0.13 93 E Hyaluronan 0.06 51 0.08 74:26 Lauroyl HA 0.16 49

Example 17: Antimicrobial Activity of an Octenidine-Containing Dental Preparation

[0140] Hyaluronan monofilament fibers with Mw of 3.99×10.sup.5 g/mol and a fineness of 8.1 tex, prepared according to the prior art method (WO2012089179) and lauroyl HA fibers with Mw of 3.5×10.sup.5 g/mol, with weight fraction of the substituent 13.7 wt % and a fineness of 9.2 tex, prepared in a similar manner to Examples 5 and 6 were used. From these fibers, a braided thread containing 8 HAfibers and 8 lauroyl HA fibers was formed on a Steeger horizontal braiding machine. The thread diameter determined by a laser scanner was 517 μm. Subsequently, the thread was divided into five sections, of which one was left as an octenidine-free control and four were impregnated with a solution of octenidine dihydrochloride in ethanol using a needle nozzle, followed by evaporation of the solvent using plate infrared heaters. Four different concentrations of octenidine and different dosing rates were used for loading. The thread was rewound at a speed of 1.9 m/min. In this way, five thread variants with different weight fractions of octenidine in the thread were obtained (see Table 17). The thread samples were then sterilized with ethylene oxide.

TABLE-US-00017 TABLE 17 Process parameters and octenidine content for individual variants of the dental preparation. Solution Dosage Weight fraction Presence of Preparation concentration [ml/ of octenidine inhibition variant [mg/ml] min] [wt %] zone A — — 0.00 NO B 1.75 0.1 0.07 YES C 3.06 0.1 0.11 YES D 2.72 0.15 0.15 YES E 4.20 0.1 0.19 YES

[0141] The antimicrobial efficacy of dental preparations in the form of thread was tested by the method of inhibition zones on the Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans strain. The prepared cell suspension was plated over the entire area on an agar Petri dish. Subsequently, three thread samples were placed on the agar. The plates were placed in an anaerostat with an anaerogen and subsequently incubated in a thermostat at 37° C. until they were overgrown with a continuous layer of culture.

[0142] The antimicrobial efficacy of the dental preparation was evaluated according to the presence of the inhibition zone—if the inhibition zone was evident on all three thread samples placed on the agar plate, the variant was evaluated as effective (see FIG. 5 and Table 17).

Example 18: Octenidine-Containing Hyaluronan Textile Units and their Safety In Vivo

[0143] Hyaluronan monofilaments with Mw of 3.7×10.sup.5 g/mol, a fineness of 8.3 tex, a strength of 0.9 N and a ductility of 10.8%, prepared by a method known from the prior art (WO2012089179), were used. From 8 of these fibers, a braided thread with a diameter of 380 μm (determined by means of an optical microscope) was formed on a Steeger horizontal braiding machine. Subsequently, the thread was divided into four sections, three of which were impregnated with a solution of octenidine dihydrochloride in ethanol at three different concentrations (1 mg/ml, 4 mg/ml, 10 mg/ml) using a Roaches horizontal laboratory foulard. Ethanol was used as the solvent. The roller speed of 2 m/min and the identical roller pressure of 3.5 bar were set for all variants. This was followed by evaporation of the solvent at room temperature. One section of thread was left as an octenidine-free control. In this way, four variants of the textile unit with different weight fractions of octenidine in the thread were created, which were subsequently sterilized with ethylene oxide. The content of octenidine in individual variants of the textile unit after sterilization is given in Table 18.

TABLE-US-00018 TABLE 18 Octenidine content in individual variants of the hyaluronan textile unit at different concentrations of octenidine solution. Variant of Solution Weight fraction textile unit concentration of octenidine (thread) [mg/ml] [wt %] A 0 0.00 B 1 0.03 C 4 0.13 D 10 0.38

[0144] Variants of dental preparation A, B, C and D were implanted into the rabbit gum as follows. The rabbits were placed under total anesthesia. Subsequently, a 1.5-2.0 cm long incision was made on both sides of the mucosa of the alveolar ridge of the mandible in the area from the 2.sup.nd incisor towards the distal. On both halves of the lower jaw, the tested textile unit was inserted into the gums at the site of the mucosal incision according to the animal's belonging to the experimental group, i.e. 1 cm long thread. Subsequently, mucosal sections were sutured using non-absorbable sutures (Premilene). The rabbits were divided into 4 groups, with only one variant of the textile unit in the form of a thread with octenidine being implanted in each group. Rabbits were sacrificed 14 days after insertion. Histological examination of the gums in control group A confirmed the presence of a reparative process at the incision site (newly formed connective tissue). The same finding was repeated in rabbits implanted with a dental preparation containing octenidine (variants B, C and D). No residue of the test preparation was detected in any of these samples. Furthermore, no negative reaction to the presence of the tested preparation was found, or the antiseptic used, even at the highest weight fraction in the thread.

Example 19: Set of Two Textile Units Containing Lauroyl HA Fibers with Different Substituent Content, their Safety and Biodegradation In Vivo

A) Upper Textile Unit

[0145] Hyaluronan monofilament fibers with Mw of 3.7×10.sup.5 g/mol and a fineness of 8.3 tex, prepared according to the prior art method (WO2012089179), and HA lauroyl fibers described in Example 6 were used. A braided thread was created on a horizontal braiding machine Steeger which contained 8 fibers of HA and 8 fibers of lauroyl HA. The thread diameter was 537 μm (determined using an optical microscope). Subsequently, the thread was impregnated with a Roaches laboratory horizontal foulard with a 2 mg/ml solution of octenidine dihydrochloride in ethanol, followed by evaporation of the solvent at room temperature. The roller speed was set at 2 m/min and the roller pressure was 3.5 bar. The resulting weight fraction of octenidine in the thread after evaporation of the solvent was 0.13 wt %. The thread was then sterilized with ethylene oxide.

B) Bottom Textile Unit

[0146] Hyaluronan monofilament fibers with Mw of 3.7×10.sup.5 g/mol and a fineness of 8.5 tex, prepared according to the prior art method (WO2012089179), and HA lauroyl fibers described in Example 5 were used. The Steeger braiding machine produced a braided thread which contained 8 HA fibers and 8 lauroyl HA fibers. The thread diameter was 501 μm (determined using an optical microscope). Subsequently, the thread was impregnated with a Roaches laboratory horizontal foulard with a 2 mg/ml solution of octenidine dihydrochloride in ethanol, followed by evaporation of the solvent at room temperature. The roller speed was set at 2 m/min and the roller pressure was 3.5 bar. The resulting weight fraction of octenidine in the thread after evaporation of the solvent was 0.11 wt %. The thread was then sterilized with ethylene oxide.

[0147] Samples A and B were implanted into the gums of the rabbit as described in Example 18. Two weeks after insertion of the test dental preparation into the gums, the animals were placed under total anesthesia and blood was collected. Subsequently, the animals were sacrificed by overdose of total anesthetics and macroscopic examination of the mandible was performed at the sites where the test preparation was inserted into the gums. Gum samples and any remaining implant material were then taken from the mandible for histological examination and chemical analysis (degradation evaluation). Gum samples were processed using a cryometer. The slides were treated with mounting medium Tissue-Tek o.c.t. and then frozen at −19° C. All slides were stained with hematoxylin and eosin.

[0148] In rabbits implanted with the upper textile unit (variant A), a gel-like mass was found at the site of application of the test preparation, which still maintained a certain cohesion and could be stretched to the original shape of the fiber. Subsequent chemical analysis confirmed that they were residues of a textile unit (thread) containing partially degraded lauroyl HA. Histological examination of the gums of the rabbits confirmed the persistence of the test preparation at the site of application.

[0149] In rabbits implanted with the bottom textile unit (variant B), no residues of the implanted textile unit (thread) were found at the site of application of the test preparation. Histological examination of the rabbit gum confirmed the presence of eosinophilic cells. The preparation itself was not found.

[0150] An in vivo test confirmed that the upper and bottom textile units degraded differently. A unit containing lauroyl HA fibers with a higher weight fraction of substituent (bound lauroyl) was found at the implantation site even after 2 weeks, while a unit with a lower weight fraction of substituent in lauroyl HA was already absorbed. These results correspond to the determination of the rate of enzymatic degradation of lauroyl HA fibers in vitro (see values in Examples 5 and 6). The test results indicate that the tested preparation has no negative effect on the animal's internal organs or on the soft tissues in its vicinity.

Example 20: Set of Three Textile Units Containing Lauroyl Ha Fibers with Different Substituent Content, their Safety and Biodegradation In Vivo

A) Upper Textile Unit

[0151] Hyaluronan monofilament fibers with Mw of 3.99×10.sup.5 g/mol and a fineness of 8.2 tex, prepared by a method known in the art (WO2012089179), and lauroyl HA fibers with Mw of 3.5×10.sup.5 g/mol, weight fraction of the substituent 16.36 wt % and a fineness of 8.6 tex, prepared in a similar manner to Example 6 were used. The rate of enzymatic degradation of lauroyl HA fibers under in vitro conditions, determined by procedure described in Example 5, was 8.9 wt %/hour (evaluation from samples taken at times of 3-12 hours, until 3.sup.rd hour the degradation was very slow and there was mostly just swelling of the fibers). A braided thread containing 8 HA fibers and 8 lauroyl HA fibers was formed from the fibers on a Steeger horizontal braiding machine. The thread diameter determined by the laser scanner was 515 μm. Subsequently, the thread was impregnated with a 2.72 mg/ml octenidine dihydrochloride solution using a needle nozzle. Ethanol was used as the solvent. A dosing rate of 0.1 ml/min was used for application. The thread was rewound at a speed of 1.9 m/min. The solvent was evaporated from the threads using plate infrared heaters. The thread was sterilized with ethylene oxide. The weight fraction of octenidine in the thread after sterilization was 0.11 wt %.

B) Middle Textile Unit

[0152] Hyaluronan monofilament fibers with Mw of 3.99×10.sup.5 g/mol and a fineness of 8.2 tex, prepared by a method known in the art (WO2012089179), and lauroyl HA fibers with a Mw of 3.2×10.sup.5 g/mol, with weight fraction of the substituent 12.98 wt % and a fineness of 9.3 tex, prepared in a manner similar to Examples 5 and 6, were used. The rate of enzymatic degradation of lauroyl HA fibers under in vitro conditions, determined by the procedure described in Example 11, was 10.4 wt %/hour (evaluation performed on samples taken at time points within 3-10 hours, until the 3.sup.rd hour the degradation was very slow and there was mostly just swelling of the fibers). A braided thread containing 8 HA fibers and 8 lauroyl HA fibers was formed from the fibers on a Steeger horizontal braiding machine. The thread diameter determined by the laser scanner was 501 μm. Subsequently, the thread was impregnated with a 3.06 mg/ml octenidine dihydrochloride solution using a needle nozzle. Ethanol was used as the solvent. A dosing rate of 0.1 ml/min was used for application. The thread was rewound at a speed of 1.9 m/min. The solvent was evaporated from the threads using plate infrared heaters. The thread was sterilized with ethylene oxide. The weight fraction of octenidine in the thread after sterilization was 0.11 wt %.

C) Bottom Textile Unit

[0153] Hyaluronan monofilament fibers with Mw of 3.99×10.sup.5 g/mol and a fineness of 8.2 tex, prepared by a method known in the art (WO2012089179), and lauroyl HA fibers with Mw of 3.5×10.sup.5 g/mol, by weight of the substituent 9.87 wt % and a fineness of 8.9 tex, prepared in a similar manner to Example 5, were used. The rate of enzymatic degradation of lauroyl HA fibers under in vitro conditions, determined by the procedure described in Example 11, was 32.3 wt %/hour (evaluation performed on samples taken at time points within 0-3 hours, swelling did not occur for these rapidly degrading fibers). A braided thread containing 8 HA fibers and 8 lauroyl HA fibers was formed from the fibers on a Steeger horizontal braiding machine. The thread diameter determined by the laser scanner was 503 μm. Subsequently, the thread was impregnated with a 2.92 mg/ml octenidine dihydrochloride solution using a needle nozzle. Ethanol was used as the solvent. A dosing rate of 0.1 ml/min was used for application. The thread was rewound at a speed of 1.9 m/min. The solvent was evaporated from the threads using plate infrared heaters. The thread was sterilized with ethylene oxide. The weight fraction of octenidine in the thread after sterilization was 0.12 wt %.

[0154] The textile units A, B and C were implanted into the gums of the rabbit as described in Example 18. However, in this case all 3 tested textile units (i.e. a set of three threads) were inserted into the mucosa, from each variant a section of thread 1 cm long, thus a total of 3 cm of dental preparation on each side of the lower jaw.

[0155] In each group of rabbits, the dental preparation was left in the gums for different periods of time from implantation, namely 2 days, 2 weeks, 4 weeks and 6 weeks. Subsequently, examinations were performed and samples were collected as described in Example 19.

[0156] Histological examination of rabbits with collection after 2 days showed the presence of the tested dental preparation, both in the form of intact fibers (probably variant A and B) and in the form of material residues in the intercellular mass (probably variant C). Similar results were obtained in rabbits taken after 2 weeks, when a thread containing almost intact fibers and at the same time fiber residues in their immediate vicinity was again detected on the histological specimen (see FIG. 4a). In the groups where the collection was performed after 4 weeks and after 6 weeks, the tested dental preparation was no longer found in any of the preparations, but only the multiplication of the reparative tissue at the site of application of the material (see FIG. 4b). The insertion site of the dental preparation was healed ad integrum. The surroundings of the implanted dental device did not show any signs of an inflammatory reaction, or any other damage. Histologically, it was shown that the test material certainly lasted for 2 weeks, on the other hand, when checked at 4 weeks, it was already fully resorbed and only reparative tissue was at the application site. After 6 weeks, the application site was fully healed.

Example 21: Comparison of a Dental Preparation in the Form of a Thread with a Dental Preparation in the Form of a Gel in In Vivo Testing

[0157] For a comparative in vivo test in a rabbit model, the dental preparation according to the present embodiments in the form of a set described in Example 20 and the commercial dental preparation Pocket-X® Gel (Prudentix Ltd, Israel) based on WO18158764 were used, which according to the package leaflet contained purified water, poloxamer 407, phenoxyethanol, hyaluronic acid (0.8%) and octenidine hydrochloride (0.625%).

[0158] One week before the actual implantation of the dental preparations, the pockets were created in the animals in the upper and lower jaws as follows: The rabbits were placed under general anesthesia. Subsequently, a mucosal incision was made on their upper and lower jaws, starting at the tip of the alveolar ridge in the area distal to the left incisor, at the level of the left incisor the incision was wound vestibularly, and was guided in the gingival sulcus of the left and right incisors and then wound distally of right incisor again on the tip of the alveolar ridge. The lobe thus formed was unfolded and the alveolar bone of the jaw was exposed. Using a micromotor with a circle-shaped carbide drill, approx. 2 mm vestibular lamellae of the alveolar bone of the jaw covering the cervical part of the tooth roots were lowered and a retraction fiber (commonly used material in dentistry) was inserted into the wound (to the ground bone). The task of the retraction fiber was to prevent the gingiva from reattaching to the tooth, thus helping to create an environment in which the internal soft tissue inside the formed pocket is infected with its own bacteria commonly present in the rabbit cavity, covered with granulation tissue, simulating the internal environment of the periodontal pocket. After inserting the retraction fiber, the formed lobe was placed back in its original position and fixed on the sides, and in the interdental space of the incisors by non-absorbable suturing. After 1 week, the animals were placed under total anesthesia, in which the retraction fiber was removed, and dental preparation was inserted into the resulting pocket on both jaws according to the individual tested groups (5 animals in a group for each preparation). In the case of the dental preparation according to the invention, these were three different textile units (bottom, middle and upper) in the form of a thread with a length of 1 cm, i.e. a total of 6 cm, or. 7.5 mg per animal. Pocket X-Gel was dispensed using a syringe in accordance with the instructions given in its package leaflet, so that the pocket was gradually filled to the brim with gel. Approximately 35 μl of gel was applied to each pocket, for a total of approximately 70 μl of gel per animal After inserting the dental preparation into the pocket, the lobe was fixed with a suture in the interdental space of the incisors by non-absorbable suturing. In the case of the dental preparation according to the invention, the application was easy and accurate. The threads were simply inserted with tweezers into the pocket, where they adhered to the moist surface of the mucosa and remained there; were not pushed out by the movement of the jaw or the abrasion of the gums against the inside of the lips. In contrast, the application of Pocket-X® Gel was quite demanding. Due to the high viscosity, the gel was difficult to push into the pocket with a syringe. In the pocket, however, the gel did not adhere sufficiently to the mucosa nor did it solidify enough to remain in place after the gums adhered to the tooth Immediately after implantation of the gel, it was noted that the gel is expelled from the pocket and flows out. When checking the applied site 3 hours after application, the gel was no longer found in some animals.

[0159] At 48 hours postoperatively, the animals were placed under total anesthesia. Subsequently, a macroscopic examination and photo documentation of the areas in the upper and lower jaw where the test specimen was inserted was performed. Thereafter, the animals were sacrificed by overdosing on the total anesthetic and tissue samples were taken at the site of implantation, including any remaining implanted dental device from one jaw to assess material degradation.

[0160] The pockets in the upper and lower jaws of rabbits showed inflammation before implantation of the dental preparations and a fibrin coating was present. When the animals were examined after 48 hours, the gums of the upper jaw at the site of the pocket were already grown, both in rabbits from the group with the dental preparation according to the present embodiments and in rabbits with Pocket-X® Gel. However, significant differences between the groups were evident in the condition of the pockets in the mandible. In the case of the dental preparation in the form of a thread according to the invention, the pockets were completely free of inflammation, the tissue was pink and perfused, the healing process was not disturbed in any way. In animals treated with Pocket-X® Gel, pus, a milky gel mass was present in the pockets of the mandible, and a fibrin coating persisted in one rabbit.

Example 22: Hyaluronan Textile Unit Containing Chlorhexidine

[0161] Hyaluronan monofilaments with Mwof 4.3×10.sup.5 g/mol and a fineness of 7.3 tex, prepared according to a method known from the prior art (WO2012089179) were used. From these 16 fibers, a braided thread with a diameter of 433 μm (determined using an optical microscope) was formed on a Steeger horizontal braiding machine. Subsequently, each thread was divided into two sections, which were impregnated with a needle nozzle solution of a chlorhexidine solution of two different concentrations, namely 2.72 mg/ml and 3.40 mg/ml. Acetonitrile was used as the solvent. A dosing rate of 0.1 ml/min was used for application. The thread was rewound at a speed of 1.95 m/min. The solvent was evaporated from the threads using plate infrared heaters. The resulting weight fraction of chlorhexidine in the thread was 0.11 wt % for a concentration of 2.72 mg/ml and 0.18 wt % for a concentration of 3.40 mg/ml.

Example 23: Hyaluronan and Lauroyl Hyaluronan Textile Unit Containing Chlorhexidine

[0162] Hyaluronan monofilaments with Mw of 3.99×10.sup.5 g/mol and a fineness of 7.7 tex prepared by a prior art method (WO2012089179) and lauroyl HA monofilaments with a weight average molecular weight of 3.4×10.sup.5 g/mol, with weight fraction of the substituent 10.86 wt % and fineness 8.6 tex, prepared in a similar manner to Example 5, were used. A braided thread containing 8 hyaluronan fibers and 8 lauroyl HA fibers was formed on a Steeger horizontal braiding machine. The thread had a diameter of 488 μm. Subsequently, the thread was impregnated with a chlorhexidine solution having a concentration of 2.72 mg/ml using a needle nozzle. Acetonitrile was used as the solvent. A dosing rate of 0.1 ml/min was used for application. The thread was rewound at a speed of 1.9 m/min. The solvent was evaporated from the threads using plate infrared heaters. The resulting weight fraction of chlorhexidine in the thread was 0.10 wt %.

Example 24: Effect of Rewinding Speed on Chlorhexidine Coating on Thread

[0163] Hyaluronan monofilaments with Mw of 3.99×10.sup.5 g/mol and a fineness of 7.7 tex prepared by a prior art method (WO2012089179) and lauroyl HA monofilaments with a Mw of 3.4×10.sup.5 g/mol, with mass fraction of the substituent 13.11 wt % and a fineness of 7.9 tex, prepared in a similar manner to Example 5, were used. A braided thread containing 8 hyaluronan fibers and 8 lauroyl HA fibers was formed on a Steeger horizontal braiding machine. The thread had a diameter of 471 μm. Subsequently, the thread was divided into three sections, which were then impregnated with a chlorhexidine solution having a concentration of 2.72 mg/ml using a needle nozzle. Acetonitrile was used as the solvent. A dosing rate of 0.1 ml/min was used for coating. During application, the individual sections were rewound at different speeds, namely 1.6 m/min, 1.7 m/min and 2.2 m/min. The solvent was evaporated from the threads using plate infrared heaters. The resulting weight fraction of chlorhexidine in the thread was 0.18 wt % for a speed of 1.6 m/min, 0.14 wt % for a speed of 1.7 m/min and 0.10 wt % for a speed of 2.2 m/min.

Example 25: Synthesis of Hyaluronan Chloramide

[0164] 10 g of hyaluronan with Mw of 9×10.sup.5 g/mol were dissolved in 1000 ml of distilled water. Then 6 ml of acetic acid were added and after stirring for 15 minutes at 20° C., 0.3 equivalents of sodium dichloroisocyanuric acid was added. The mixture was then stirred at ° C. for 20 hours, then precipitated with 5 liters of isopropanol and filtered. The solid was washed with 2 liters of isopropanol and dried under vacuum for 20 hours. The resulting weight fraction of the substituent was 4.1 wt % (DS according to NMR 48%), weight average molecular weight 5×10.sup.5 g/mol.

Example 26: Synthesis of Hyaluronan Chloramide with Low Fraction of Substituent

[0165] 10 g of hyaluronan with Mw of 5×10.sup.5 g/mol were dissolved in 1000 ml of distilled water. Then 6 ml of acetic acid were added and after stirring for 15 minutes at 20° C., 0.05 equivalents of sodium dichloroisocyanuric acid was added. The mixture was then stirred at ° C. for 20 hours, then precipitated with 5 liters of isopropanol and filtered. The solid was washed with 2 liters of isopropanol and dried under vacuum for 20 hours. The resulting weight fraction of the substituent was 0.6 wt % (DS according to NMR 7%), weight average molecular weight 1.9×10.sup.5 g/mol.

Example 27: Chloramide Fiber

[0166] Hyaluronan chloramide prepared according to Example 25 was used as a starting material for fiber formation. By dissolving 2.5 g of this polymer in 50 ml of demineralized water, a solution with a concentration of 50 mg/ml was prepared. After reconstitution, the solution was transferred to a syringe and degassed with centrifuge. The solution was metered at a rate of 200 μl/min into a 1:4 lactic acid-isopropanol precipitation bath. The fiber was wound at a speed of 1.47 m/min. Subsequently, the fiber was washed in ethanol and dried. The fineness of the fiber was 7.9 tex, the strength 1.2 N and the ductility 21%.

Example 28: Chloramide Fiber with Low Substituent Content

[0167] Hyaluronan chloramide prepared according to Example 26 was used as a starting material for fiber formation. By dissolving 3.5 g of this polymer in 70 ml of demineralized water, a solution having a concentration of 50 mg/ml was prepared. After reconstitution, the solution was transferred to a syringe and degassed by centrifuge. The solution was metered by means of a nozzle at a rate of 200 μl/min into a precipitating bath consisting of a mixture of lactic acid—isopropanol in a ratio of 1:4. The fiber was wound at a speed of 1.47 m/min Subsequently, the fiber was washed in ethanol and dried. The fineness of the fiber was 7.2 tex, the strength 1.1 N and the ductility 8%.

Example 29: Mixed Chloramide Fibers of Hyaluronan Chloramide and Hyaluronan Lauroyl

[0168] In the following way, three variants of mixed chloramide fiber with different weight fraction of hyaluronan chloramide in the fiber were created. Hyaluronan chloramide with a weight average molecular weight of 3.8×10.sup.5 g/mol and a weight fraction of substituent 7.0 wt. % (DS according to NMR 85%), prepared according to CZ308010 (Example 18), and lauroyl hyaluronan with a weight average molecular weight of 3.3×10.sup.5 g/mol and a weight fraction of substituent of 17.13%, prepared in a similar manner to Example 3, were used for fiber formation as starting material. Solutions of a concentration of 50 mg/ml with different weight ratios of polymer components contained were prepared by dissolving both polymers in a demineralized water—isopropanol mixture (component weights, their weight fractions and solvent volumes see Table 19). After reconstitution, each solution was transferred to a syringe and degassed by centrifugation. The solution was then metered using a nozzle at a rate of 200 μl/min into a 1:4 lactic acid/isopropanol precipitating bath. The fiber was wound at a speed of 1.32 m/min Subsequently, the fiber was washed first in ethanol, then in acetone and finally dried. The physical properties of the individual fiber variants are given in Table 19.

TABLE-US-00019 TABLE 19 Process parameters and physical characteristics of mixed chloramide fibers Weight Solvent Weight fraction in the volume Fineness Strength Ductility Fiber Polymer component [g] fiber [wt %] [ml] [tex] [N] [%] A Chloramid HA 1.17 33 70 9.0 0.4 12 Lauroyl HA 2.34 67 B Chloramid HA 1 40 50 9.7 0.5 8 Lauroyl HA 1.5 60 C Chloramid HA 1.25 50 50 8.7 0.4 3 Lauroyl HA 1.25 50

Example 30: Mixed Chloramide Fibers of Hyaluronan Chloramide and Hyaluronic Acid

[0169] In the following way, four variants of a mixed chloramide fiber with different weight fractions of HA chloramide in the fiber were created. Hyaluronan chloramide with Mw of 7.8×10.sup.4 g/mol and a weight fraction of the substituent of 7.9 wt. % (DS according to NMR 96%), prepared according to CZ308010 (Example 10), and HA with Mw of 3.99×10.sup.5 g/mol, were used as starting material for fiber formation. Solutions of 50 mg/ml with different weight ratios of polymer components contained were prepared by dissolving both polymers in demineralized water (see Table 20 for component weights, solvent weight and solvent volumes). After dissolution, each solution was transferred to a syringe and degassed by centrifugation. The solution was then metered through a nozzle at a rate of 200 μl/min into a 1:4 lactic acid-isopropanol precipitating bath, the fiber was wound at a speed of 1.47 m/min, then the fiber was washed in ethanol and finally dried. Physical properties of individual variants of the fibers are listed in Table 20.

TABLE-US-00020 TABLE 20 Process parameters and physical characteristics of mixed chloramide fibers Weight fraction Solvent Weight in the fiber volume Fineness Strength Ductility Fiber Polymer [g] [wt %] [ml] [tex] [N] [%] A Chloramid HA 1.17 33 70 7.6 0.5 12 HA 2.34 67 B Chloramid HA 1 40 50 8.4 0.7 15 HA 1.5 60 C Chloramid HA 1.25 50 50 8.4 0.6 13 HA 1.25 50 D Chloramid HA 1.5 60 50 8.3 0.8 10 HA 1 40

Example 31: Textile Units Containing Hyaluronan Chloramide

[0170] Hyaluronan monofilament fibers with Mw of 4.3×10.sup.5 g/mol, prepared by a method known in the art (WO2012089179), lauroyl HA monofilament fibers with a weight average molecular weight of 3.3×10.sup.5 g/mol, prepared by a similar manner to Examples 5 and 6, the chloramide fibers prepared according to Example 27, mixed chloramide fibers with a weight fraction of chloramide HA in the fiber of 33 wt % and mixed chloramide fibers with a weight fraction of chloramide HA in the fiber of 40 wt %, prepared according to Example 27 and mixed chloramide fibers with a weight fraction of HA chloramide in the fiber of 60 wt %, prepared according to Example 28 were used. From these fibers, a series of braided threads (textile units) were formed on a Steeger horizontal braiding machine, which contained a combination of chloramide fibers or mixed chloramide fibers and hyaluronan fibers or lauroyl hyaluronan fibers; in total, each thread contained 16 fibers. P.sub.CV mass fraction values [wt %] of chloramide fibers and mixed chloramide fibers in the textile unit (threads) were calculated according to the relations:

P.sub.CV=N.sub.CV×T.sub.CV/(N.sub.CV×T.sub.CV+N.sub.HA×T.sub.HA)×100, and P.sub.CV=N.sub.CV×T.sub.CV/(N.sub.CV×T.sub.CV+N.sub.D×T.sub.D)×100,

where N.sub.CV is the number of chloramide or mixed chloramide fibers in the thread, T.sub.CV is the fineness of chloramide or mixed chloramide fibers in the thread, N.sub.HA is the number of HA fibers in the thread, T.sub.HA is the fineness of HA fibers, N.sub.D is the number of HA non-polar derivatives (here lauroylu HA) in the thread and T.sub.D is the fineness of the fibers from the non-polar derivative of HA (here lauroyl HA). P.sub.CT weight fraction values [wt %] of the chloramide derivative HA in the textile unit—the threads were calculated according to the relation

P.sub.CT=P.sub.CI×P.sub.CV/100,

where P.sub.CI [wt %] is the weight fraction of the chloramide derivative HA in the fiber. The characteristics of the fibers and threads, including the resulting mass fraction of chloramide derivative in the textile unit—threads, are given in Table 21 and Table 22.

TABLE-US-00021 TABLE 21 Textile units containing chloramide or mixed chloramide fibers—characteristics of fibers and threads. Material composition P.sub.Cl—weight of the fibers, (weight fraction of Fineness Number fraction of the sub- chloramide HA of the of fibers Textile stituent in the derivative— in the fiber in a unit chlorine or lauroyl) fiber [wt %] [tex] thread A Hyaluronan — 7.3 8 Chloramid HA (4.1 wt %) 100 7.9 8 B Lauroyl HA (13.51 wt %) — 8.6 8 Chloramid HA (7 wt %) + 40 9.7 8 Lauroyl HA (17.13 wt %) C Lauroyl HA (17.08 wt %) — 8.2 12 Chloramid HA (7 wt %) + 33 9.0 4 Lauroyl HA (17.13 wt %) D Lauroyl HA (17.08 wt %) — 8.2 8 Hyaluronan + 60 8.3 8 Chloramid HA (7.9 wt %)

TABLE-US-00022 TABLE 22 Textile units containing chloramide or mixed chloramide fibers. Material composition Pcv—weight of the fibers, (weight fraction of P.sub.CT—weight fraction of the (mixed) fraction of substituent in the chloramide chloramide Textile derivative—chlorine fibers in textile HA in textile unit or lauroyl) unit [wt %] unit [wt %] A Hyaluronan 52 52 Chloramid HA (4.1 wt %) B Lauroyl HA (13.51 wt %) 53 21 Chloramid HA (7 wt %) + Lauroyl HA (17.13 wt %) C Lauroyl HA (17.08 wt %) 27 9 Chloramid HA (7 wt %) + Lauroyl HA (17.13 wt %) D Lauroyl HA (17.08 wt %) 50 30 Hyaluronan + Chloramid HA (7.9 wt %)

[0171] Phases of healing of the periodontal pocket by means of a dental preparation according to the present embodiments is shown in FIG. 1a-FIG. 1d. In more detail, FIG. 1a illustrates textile units in the form of thread with different degradation rates inserted into the periodontal pocket; FIG. 1b illustrates formation of periodontal ligaments at the bottom of the pocket; FIG. 1c illustrates formation of periodontal ligaments in the middle part of the pocket and growth of alveolar bone; and FIG. 1d illustrates a healed periodontium.

[0172] Dental preparations of the present embodiments in the form of thread and in the form of a strip of fabric are shown in FIG. 2a-FIG. 2b. In more detail, FIG. 2a illustrates a dental preparation in the form of a braided thread according to the present embodiments, comprising 8 fibers of hyaluronan and 8 fibers of a non-polar hyaluronan derivative (lauroyl HA, weight fraction of substituent 16.36 wt %) with a weight fraction of octenidine in the thread 0.11 wt %, prepared according to Example 18 (upper textile unit). FIG. 2b illustrates a textile unit of a dental preparation in the form of a strip of fabric (warp knitted fabric) according to the present embodiments, comprising fibers of a non-polar hyaluronan derivative (lauroyl HA, weight fraction of substituent 14.41 wt %), prepared according to Example 10 (upper textile unit).

[0173] Dental preparations of the present embodiments in the form of a braided thread are shown in FIG. 3a— FIG. 3c. The braided thread comprises 8 fibers of hyaluronan and 8 fibers of a non-polar derivative of hyaluronan (lauroyl HA, weight fraction of substituent 16.36 wt %), prepared according to Example 12 (variant C). In more detail, FIG. 3a shows the thread in dry state. FIG. 3b shows the thread after swelling in saliva at a time of 20 min. FIG. 3c shows the thread after swelling in saliva in a time of 90 min.

[0174] Dental preparations of the present embodiments, as a set of textile units in the form of plaited thread, are used to prepare the histological preparations shown in FIG. 4a— FIG. 4b. The plaited thread comprises hyaluronan fibers and hyaluronan lauroyl fibers of various weight fractions of the substituent, containing, octenidine dihydrochloride, and is prepared according to Example 18. In more detail, FIG. 4a represents a histological preparation after 14 days of implantation in the gums of a rabbit, proving the presence of a dental preparation according to the present embodiments. The cross-sectional areas of the still compact lauroyl hyaluronan fibers (probably top and middle unit residues) are shown with white arrows, the area with fiber residues that are almost degraded is shown with black arrows. FIG. 4b represents a histological specimen after 4 weeks of implantation in rabbit gums. Residues of fibers of the dental preparation are no longer present. In the composite image, healing tissue is present at the site of application of the dental product (marked by an arrow).

[0175] Textile units in the form of braided threads with different octenidine contents, prepared according to Example 15, are tested on the Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans strain. The results, in the form of inhibition zones around the textile units, are shown in FIG. 5.

[0176] Different variants of a dental preparation in the form of a braided thread consisting of hyaluronan fibers and lauroyl hyaluronan or palmitoyl hyaluronan fibers, from Example 12, are tested against saliva, with wetting times shown in the plot of FIG. 6. As shown, the swelling of different is dependent on the diameter of the thread on its wetting time in saliva.

REFERENCES

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IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences, 15 (8), 100-107. [0182] Hardy, K., Sunnucks, K., Gil, H., Shabir, S., Trampari, E., Hawkey, P., Webber, M., 2018. Increased Usage of Antiseptics Is Associated with Reduced Susceptibility in Clinical Isolates of Staphylococcus aureus. mBio, May 29, 2018, DOI: 10.1128/mBio.00894-18. [0183] Hoang, T., Jorgensen, M. G., Keim, R. G., Pattison, A. M., Slots, J., 2003. Povidone-iodine as a periodontal pocket disinfectant. J Periodont Res 38(3), 311-317. [0184] Hübner, N.-O., Siebert, J., Kramer, A., 2010. Octenidine Dihydrochloride, a Modern Antiseptic for Skin, Mucous Membranes and Wounds. Skin Pharmacol Physiol 23, 244-258. Jain, N., Jain, G. K., Javed, S. et al., 2008. Recent approaches for the treatment of periodontitis. Drug Discovery Today 13, 932-943. [0185] Jentsch, H., Pomowski, R., Kundt, G., Gocke, R., 2003. Treatment of gingivitis with hyaluronan. J Clin Periodontol. 30(2), 159-164. [0186] Kataria, S., Chandrashekar, K. 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Antibacterial and antiplaque efficacy of a commercially available octenidine-containing mouthrinse. Clin Oral Investig, 20(7), 1469-1476.

DENTAL PREPARATION COMPRISING FIBERS BASED ON HYALURONIC ACID WITH REGULATED BIODEGRADABILITY

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