Abstract
A portable electronic device comprises a housing and a chemical sensor arranged inside the housing which chemical sensor is adapted to measure a property of at least one analyte. The device further comprises an opening in the housing for exposing the chemical sensor to the fluid to be analyzed.
Claims
1. Portable electronic device, comprising a housing, a chemical sensor arranged inside the housing, which chemical sensor is adapted to measure a property of at least one analyte, an opening in the housing for exposing the chemical sensor to the fluid to be analyzed, and at least one additional sensor selected from the group consisting of a humidity sensor, a temperature sensor, a pressure sensor, and an airflow sensor, wherein the at least one additional sensor makes use of the same opening as the chemical sensor does for getting access to the environment, and wherein said portable electronic device is selected from the group consisting of: a mobile phone, a handheld computer, a tablet computer, a game controller, a pointing device, a photo camera, a video camera and a computer peripheral.
2. Portable electronic device according to claim 1, wherein the chemical sensor is embodied for measuring a property of multiple different analytes.
3. Portable electronic device according to claim 2, wherein the chemical sensor comprises an array of sensor cells.
4. Portable electronic device according to claim 1, wherein the chemical sensor is arranged on a conductor board, and in particular wherein the chemical sensor is connected via the conductor board to a processing unit.
5. Portable electronic device according to claim 4, wherein the chemical sensor is arranged between the conductor board and a wall of the housing comprising the opening, and preferably wherein the chemical sensor faces the opening.
6. Portable electronic device according to claim 4, wherein the opening is arranged in a side wall of the housing, and wherein the side wall faces a front end of the conductor board arranged in the interior of the housing.
7. Portable electronic device according to claim 4, wherein the conductor board is arranged between the chemical sensor and a wall of the housing comprising the opening, in particular wherein the chemical sensor is arranged on the conductor board with a sensitive element of the chemical sensor facing the conductor board, in particular wherein the conductor board comprises an opening for connecting the chemical sensor to the opening in the housing, and in particular wherein the opening in the conductor board is aligned with the opening in the housing.
8. Portable electronic device according to claim 1, comprising a temperature sensor for compensating temperature dependent signal variations in a signal of the chemical sensor, and/or in particular comprising a humidity sensor for compensating humidity dependent signal variations in a signal of the chemical sensor.
9. Portable electronic device according to claim 1, wherein the chemical sensor and the at least one additional sensor are arranged on the common conductor board, and wherein in particular the at least one additional sensor includes a humidity sensor.
10. Portable electronic device according to claim 1, wherein the chemical sensor and the at least one additional sensor comprise a common encapsulation, and wherein in particular the at least one additional sensor includes a humidity sensor.
11. Portable electronic device according to claim 1, wherein the chemical sensor and the at least one additional sensor are integrated in a common chip comprising a common semiconductor substrate, wherein in particular the at least one additional sensor includes a humidity sensor, and wherein in particular the common chip additionally comprises electronic circuitry connected to the chemical sensor and to the at least one additional sensor.
12. Portable electronic device according to claim 1, wherein the chemical sensor is arranged in the housing between two openings of opposite walls of the housing.
13. Portable electronic device according to claim 1, wherein the opening is one of the following: an opening in the housing also used for arranging a speaker, an opening in the housing also used for arranging a microphone, and a dedicated opening not being used for any different element.
14. Portable electronic device according to claim 1, wherein the conductor board is a flexible printed circuit board.
15. Portable electronic device according to claim 1, wherein the conductor board is formed by a wall of the housing carrying the opening by having applied conducting structures on an inner surface of the wall, and in particular wherein the chemical sensor is arranged across the opening with a sensitive element of the chemical sensor facing the opening.
16. Portable electronic device according to claim 1, comprising a support element for supporting the conductor board, and in particular wherein the support element is of elastic property and wherein at least the elastic element and the conductor board are clamped between two opposing walls of the housing.
17. Portable electronic device according to claim 1, wherein a seal is arranged between the chemical sensor and the housing for sealing the opening against an interior of the housing.
18. Portable electronic device according to claim 1, wherein the opening is covered by one or more of: a membrane permeable to analytes of interest, a grid, slits and a bezel.
Description
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0038] The embodiments defined above and further aspects, features and advantages of the present invention can also be derived from the examples of embodiments to be described hereinafter and are explained with reference to the drawings. In the drawings the figures illustrate in
[0039] FIG. 1 a usage scenario with a mobile phone according to an embodiment of the present invention,
[0040] FIG. 2 a block diagram of a portable electronic device according to an embodiment of the present invention, and
[0041] FIGS. 3-10 partial cuts through portable electronic devices according to various embodiments of the present invention,
[0042] FIG. 11 a cut through a chemical sensor package according to an embodiment of the present invention,
[0043] FIG. 12 a cut through a chemical sensor package according to another embodiment of the present invention, and
[0044] FIG. 13 a top view on a chemical sensor chip according to an embodiment of the present invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0045] Same or similar elements are referred to by the same reference numerals across all Figures.
[0046] FIG. 1 illustrates a usage scenario with a mobile phone 7 according to an embodiment of the present invention. Apart from a standard microphone as an input device which microphone is arranged in an opening 212 of a front wall 21 of a housing 2—which microphone may also be arranged in an opening of a side wall of the mobile phone 7—, a chemical sensor is arranged in another opening 211 of the front wall 21, which opening 211 is arranged in proximity to yet another opening 213 for a standard speaker of the mobile phone 7. A user U blows at the mobile phone 3 such that at least a part of an exhalation air stream EAS meets the chemical sensor in the opening 211. A chemical sensor signal as response to the exhalation air stream is analyzed in the following. Specifically, the chemical sensor being sensitive to ethanol as an analyte may sense a concentration of ethanol in the sample air stream. In case the analysis shows that the ethanol concentration exceeds a given threshold, a message may be displayed on a display 6 of the mobile phone, such as “Don't drive by car”.
[0047] FIG. 2 shows a schematic hardware oriented block diagram of a portable electronic device 7. Here, a microprocessor 71 is connected via electrical conductors 72 to multiple sensors including the chemical sensor 12, and a microphone 11, for example, which electrical conductors 72 specifically may be conductors of a flexible printed circuit board. A routine for analysing the signals supplied by the sensors 12 and 11 may be executed on the microprocessor 71, which routine is stored in a memory 73 connected to the microprocessor 71 via a bus system 74. A wireless interface 75 is connected to the microprocessor 71, too. Some or all of the components of FIG. 2, and specifically the sensors 12 and 11 and the bus system 72 may be arranged on a flexible printed circuit board forming a conductor board. The microprocessor 71, the memory 73 and the bus system 72 may be arranged there, too.
[0048] Prior to further embodiments, it is noted that the chemical sensor 12 may generally take different appearances in terms of packaging:
[0049] In a first embodiment, the chemical sensor may comprise a chip, preferably comprising a semiconductor substrate containing the sensitive structure/s on its top surface for example. Through-silicon-vias may provide an electrical connection between the top surface and a back side of the chip. At the back side of the chip, the through-silicon-vias may lead into contact pads which are provided with solder bumps. The chemical sensor 12 may then be pressed against a conductor board to be mounted to (SMD mounting), possibly under impact of heat, such that an electrical connection as well as a mechanical fixture is built between the chemical sensor and the conductor board. This variant of a chemical sensor package in the following is also denoted as TSV-variant (for through-silicon-vias).
[0050] In a different embodiment, the chip is first mounted to an intermediate carrier such as a leadframe where the chip may be bonded to. Then the chip and the leadframe may be encapsulated in a moulding process, preferably with the sensitive structure being relieved from the encapsulation such that an access opening is formed in the encapsulation, which access opening may be referred to as 121 in the drawings. Contact pads on the lead frame may also remain free from encapsulation material. Such contact pads may also be provided with solder bumps. This variant of a chemical sensor package in the following is also denoted as mould-variant.
[0051] In a third variant, the chip as such with the sensitive structure and contact pads on the same surface is applied to a conductor board with the sensitive structure facing the conductor board. This variant of a chemical sensor in the following is also denoted as a flip-chip-variant.
[0052] It is noted that in all of the following embodiments, a seal—although not shown—may preferably be applied between the chemical sensor and the housing, or between the conductor board and the housing if applicable. The seal in the first instance encloses the opening in the housing and the sensitive structure while in the second instance it encloses the opening in the housing and the chemical sensor as such.
[0053] FIG. 3 illustrates schematically a partial cut through a portable electronic device such as a tablet computer, for example. From an entire housing 2 only a part of the upper wall 21/front wall 21 is shown which front wall 21 comprises an opening 211. Inside the housing, a printed circuit board 3—which specifically may in an alternative be a flexible printed circuit board—is arranged more or less in parallel to the front wall 21, which printed circuit board 3 supports a chemical sensor 12. The chemical sensor 12 may be embodied in the mould-variant or in the TSV-variant and is attached to the printed circuit board 3 via solder balls 122.
[0054] The chemical sensor 12 is arranged in close proximity underneath the opening 211 in the front wall 21 of the housing such that the sensitive structure is exposed to any gas in the environment of the tablet computer that may diffuse into the interior of the housing through the opening 211. The printed circuit board 3 may be fixed elsewhere within the housing, and preferably may carry a processing unit for analyzing the signal supplied by the chemical sensor 12. The chip representing the chemical sensor 12 may additional hold integrated electronic circuitry. In a very preferred embodiment, the electronic circuitry and the sensitive structure may both be realized by the very same manufacturing process such as a CMOS and possibly other additional processes such as MEMS processes. In such scenario, the chemical sensor chip may already provide a linearized digital signal, which may be supplied via conductors on the printed circuit board 3 to the processing unit.
[0055] FIG. 4 illustrates a partial cut through a portable electronic device according to a different embodiment of the present invention. Such device is different to the portable electronic device of FIG. 3 in that an additional sensor is arranged on the printed circuit board 3—which specifically may in an alternative be a flexible printed circuit board. The additional sensor may preferably be a humidity sensor 11 for measuring a relative humidity of the air provided which constitutes a preferred combination of sensors when the portable electronic device is a mobile phone, for example. In addition, a temperature sensor may be added to the humidity sensor. However, the other sensor may also be a microphone, for example. The humidity sensor 11 and the chemical sensor 12 are arranged in close proximity on the same printed circuit board 3. Since both sensors 11 and 12 do have to rely on an access to the environment of the device, an additional opening 212 is provided in the front wall 21 of the housing. By such arrangement, and in case the chemical sensor 12 is sensitive to ethanol and the additional sensor being a microphone, for example, a measurement as to the alcohol status of user can be taken once the user speaks into the microphone during a call, for example.
[0056] FIG. 5 illustrates another cut through a portable electronic device according to another embodiment of the present invention. The present device is different to the device of FIG. 4 in that both sensors 11 and 12 are assigned a common opening 211 in the front wall 21 of the housing. Such common opening 211 may alternatively be built from multiple small bores in the front wall 21 such as indicated by the dotted lines.
[0057] For the embodiments according to FIG. 4 and FIG. 5, the chemical sensor as well as the humidity sensor 11 may be embodied in one of the TSV-variant and the mould-variant.
[0058] FIG. 6 illustrates a cut through a different portable device according to an embodiment of the present invention based on a different arrangement of the chemical sensor 12 and the printed circuit board 3. Here, the printed circuit board 3—which specifically may in an alternative be a flexible printed circuit board—is arranged between the chemical sensor 12 and the front wall 21 while in all the previous embodiments, the chemical sensor 12 is arranged between the printed circuit board 3 and the front wall 21. In the present context, however, the chemical sensor 12 may be mounted to a backside of the printed circuit board 3. The preferred variant of the chemical sensor in this context is the flip-chip variant. Hence, the chemical sensor 12 is arranged such that its sensitive structure faces the printed circuit board 3. In order to provide better access to fluids entering the interior of the housing by means of the opening 211, the printed circuit board 3 also provides for an opening 31 which preferably is aligned with the sensitive structure of the chemical sensor 12. Preferably, the printed circuit board 3 is arranged such that the opening 211 in the front wall 21 and the opening 31 in the printed circuit board 3 are aligned, too, i.e. at least overlap.
[0059] The embodiment of FIG. 7 differs from the embodiment of FIG. 3 in that instead of a rigid printed circuit board a flexible printed circuit board 4 is used. Such flexible printed circuit board 4 may offer an improved usage of space within the interior of the housing since it can be bent and may better align to any shape in the interior of the housing. A flexible printed circuit board may be made of a plastic material, such as DuPont's® Kapton® polyimide film of some 10 to some 100 μm thickness. Alternative materials are e.g. PET or LCP. The flexible printed circuit board 4 is flexible in the sense that it can be bent to a radius 2 cm or less, in particular 1 cm or less, without being damaged.
[0060] FIG. 8 differs from FIG. 7 in that it illustrates how the flexible printed circuit board may be fixed within the housing. A support element 5 is provided—which on the one hand sits on a bottom wall 22 of the housing. At its opposite end the support element 5 supports the flexible printed circuit board 4, especially in a region where the chemical sensor 12 is arranged. On the other hand, a seal ring 123 is arranged on top of the chemical sensor chip and specifically surrounds the sensitive structure, i.e. either sits on the chip surface itself in case of the TSV variant, or sits on the encapsulation in case of the mould-variant. This seal ring 123 may be of compressible nature. In such embodiment, the chemical sensor 12 may be held in its position by clamped housing halves represented by the front wall 12 and the bottom wall 22. When clamping these walls 21 and 22 the seal ring 123 may be compressed and as a result fixes the chemical 12 sensor in its position. In addition, the opening 211 may be sealed by the seal ring 123 against the interior of the housing such that the device may become gas- and/or water-tight.
[0061] In an alternative, the support element 5 may be of elastic nature, too, and may generate a force acting on the conductor board for holding it is a defined position. Of course, both, an elastic support element 5 and an elastic seal ring 123 may be used in combination.
[0062] FIG. 9 illustrates a different embodiment of a portable electronic device, now with a different embodiment of a conductor board. In the present example, either conductors or a conductor foil 6 may be applied, and specifically may be bonded to an inside surface of the front wall 21 containing the opening 211. Hence, the housing itself, and specifically the front wall 21 that holds the opening 211 may be interpreted as conductor board. The chemical sensor 12 now is soldered with its front side to the conductor foil 6, hence, the arrangement of and the necessities with respect to the chemical sensor 12 resemble the one of FIG. 6. The flip-chip variant of the chemical sensor 12 preferably faces the opening 211 of the front wall 21. In addition, the conducting foil 6 provides an opening 31 facing the sensitive structure of the chemical sensor 12, too, which opening 31 is aligned with the opening 211 in the front wall 21. Such arrangement may save a lot of space in the interior of the housing. In this embodiment, the solder balls 122 provide for electrical connections to the conducting foil 6 similar to FIG. 6.
[0063] In such embodiment, a seal may preferably be applied by casting a seal material between the conductor foil 6 and the front side of the chemical sensor chip without covering the sensitive structure of the chemical sensor chip.
[0064] In FIG. 10, a different embodiment of a housing is illustrated in a partial cut. The housing 2 contains a chemical sensor 12 inside. The chemical sensor 12 may be arranged on a printed circuit board 1 comparable to FIG. 3. The housing 2 provides for a front wall 21, a bottom wall 22 and a side wall 23 defining the housing 2. Now, the opening no longer is provided in the front wall 21 close to the chemical sensor 12 but is arranged in the side wall 23 in form of opening 231. Such arrangement may be sufficient for granting access of environmental gas to the chemical sensor 12 while in some scenarios, it may be preferred for design or technical considerations to have the opening 231 arranged in the side wall 23.
[0065] FIG. 11 illustrates a cut through a package containing a microphone chip 111 and a chemical sensor chip 121 arranged on a common intermediary carrier such as a lead frame 113 which chips 111 and 112 are encapsulated by a common encapsulation 114, such as by an epoxy mould compound, hence forming a common package for both of the sensors. The chips 111 and 112 may be wire bonded to the lead frame (not shown). Each chip 111 and 112 comprises a sensitive structure 1111 and 1121. Recesses 1141 and 1142 in a top surface of the encapsulation 114 provide access to the sensitive structures 1111 and 1121. On a bottom surface of the encapsulation 114, access is provided to contact pads 1131 and 1132 formed by the lead frame 113. Such package may be arranged on the conductor board as shown in any one of the preceding embodiments.
[0066] FIG. 12 illustrates a cut through a package containing a chemical sensor chip 112 in which in addition to the chemical sensitive structure 1121 another sensitive structure 1111 such as a microphone structure is monolithically integrated. Hence the single chip 112 carries multiple sensitive structures 1111, 1121 arranged in/on a common substrate. Hence, only a single recess 1141 may be required in the encapsulation 114. Such package may be arranged on the conductor board as shown in any one of the preceding embodiments.
[0067] FIG. 13 illustrates a top view on a chemical sensor chip 112 such as may be used, for example, in the package of FIG. 12. The chemical sensor structure 1121 takes the shape of a sensor array comprising multiple sensor cells 1122, in the present example, thirty six sensor cells 1122. In addition the humidity sensitive structure 1111 is arranged next to the chemical sensor array, and electronic circuitry 1123 is integrated into the chemical sensor chip 112, too.
[0068] While there are shown and described presently preferred embodiments of the invention, it is to be distinctly understood that the invention is not limited thereto but may be otherwise variously embodied and practised within the scope of the following claims.
