Preparations and formulations capable of crossing and incorporating into a membrane of a cell or an organelle or an exosome are described. Methods of treatments utilizing the preparations and formulations are also described.

Compositions for the treatment of some orphan diseases and oral mucosal ulcers, many with similarities in terms of their anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative activities, but also multiple differences in their observed abilities that can be combined to challenge the current, underlying pathophysiology. The orphan diseases of interest are Dupuytren's Contracture, Peyronie's Disease, Scleroderma, Raynaud's (or Renaud's) Phenomenon, chemotherapy/radiation induced oral mucosal ulceration, and aphthous ulcers; and more frequent skin issues of skin damage from cuts, abrasions, and burns; aging skin changes, and toe nail fungus. These can be treated with the disclosed compositions with the proper combination and alteration of ingredients inclusive of alpha-pinene, an aloe vera preparation, and a shea butter preparation. A process for preparation of such ingredients in a water-in-oil emulsion is described herein.

Methods for the use of prodrugs of itaconic acid and 1- and 4-methyl itaconic acid for inducing hair growth and treating an inflammatory, or immune activation (adaptive or innate), skin condition or other condition associated with hair loss are disclosed.

Provided is a method of alleviating or treating hair loss, or promoting hair growth by administering to a subject in need thereof composition comprising an active ingredient for preventing hair loss and inducing new hair growth or hair regrowth promotion by reducing the transition period from a telogen stage to an anagen stage in the hair growth cycle, and thereby exhibiting excellent effects of preventing hair loss and promoting hair regrowth by delaying conversion to a catagen stage.

Provided is a method of alleviating or treating hair loss, or promoting hair growth by administering to a subject in need thereof composition comprising an active ingredient for preventing hair loss and inducing new hair growth or hair regrowth promotion by reducing the transition period from a telogen stage to an anagen stage in the hair growth cycle, and thereby exhibiting excellent effects of preventing hair loss and promoting hair regrowth by delaying conversion to a catagen stage.

According to the present invention, a composition that has high safety, can be continuously used for a long period, promotes production of VEGF and FGF7 involved in hair growth, and affords good prophylactic or improving effect on thinning hair or hair loss can be provided. The present invention relates to a composition for promoting hair thickening, containing one or more members selected from the group consisting of citrulline, tryptophan, glutamine, and ornithine, a composition for maintaining the anagen phase in the hair cycle and a composition for promoting VEGF production, each containing one or more members selected from the group consisting of citrulline, tryptophan, and glutamine, a composition for promoting transition from the telogen phase to the anagen phase in the hair cycle and a composition for promoting FGF7 production, each containing ornithine, and a composition for promoting normalization of the hair cycle, containing one or more members selected from the group consisting of citrulline, tryptophan, glutamine, and ornithine.

According to the present invention, a composition that has high safety, can be continuously used for a long period, promotes production of VEGF and FGF7 involved in hair growth, and affords good prophylactic or improving effect on thinning hair or hair loss can be provided. The present invention relates to a composition for promoting hair thickening, containing one or more members selected from the group consisting of citrulline, tryptophan, glutamine, and ornithine, a composition for maintaining the anagen phase in the hair cycle and a composition for promoting VEGF production, each containing one or more members selected from the group consisting of citrulline, tryptophan, and glutamine, a composition for promoting transition from the telogen phase to the anagen phase in the hair cycle and a composition for promoting FGF7 production, each containing ornithine, and a composition for promoting normalization of the hair cycle, containing one or more members selected from the group consisting of citrulline, tryptophan, glutamine, and ornithine.

Provided are a peptide with a cytoprotective effect against environmental pollutants and a use thereof. The peptide consisting of an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1, 2, or 3 directly binds to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (hereinafter, referred to as TCDD), known as being the most toxic among the class of dioxins, to prevent dermal penetration and the activation mechanism of AhR by TCDD and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons contained in fine dust. Such a direct cytoprotective effect against environmental pollutants is distinguished from preexisting methods that are configured to indirectly block opportunities to contact these materials or to reduce toxicity through barrier reinforcement.

The invention relates to a composition comprising 2% to 5% minoxidil, 0.01% to 15% of a 5α-reductase inhibitor or an androgen receptor antagonist, and 0.01% to 15% of a prostaglandin analogue. In one embodiment, the prostaglandin analogue is latanoprost. In a preferred embodiment, the composition comprises 5% minoxidil, 0.1% finasteride and 0.03% latanoprost. The invention also relates to the use of the said composition to reduce hair loss and/or increase regrowth of hair in a human subject.

The invention relates to a composition comprising 2% to 5% minoxidil, 0.01% to 15% of a 5α-reductase inhibitor or an androgen receptor antagonist, and 0.01% to 15% of a prostaglandin analogue. In one embodiment, the prostaglandin analogue is latanoprost. In a preferred embodiment, the composition comprises 5% minoxidil, 0.1% finasteride and 0.03% latanoprost. The invention also relates to the use of the said composition to reduce hair loss and/or increase regrowth of hair in a human subject.