A green roofing substrate brick comprises a water-permeable fabric box having an open top, and a solidified and non-compressed substrate in the box. The substrate comprises a water storage and drainage medium, and a binder solidifying the water storage and drainage medium.

A natural invasion promoting method that is environmentally friendly, easy to carry out, can cope with a wide range of areas and inclined surfaces, achieves efficient natural invasion, and can satisfactorily promote greening on a soil surface of interest, and a spraying material used in the method are provided. A natural invasion promoting method including: spraying a spraying material containing live algae on a soil surface; breeding the live algae; and also directly or indirectly catching flying seeds or spores by a tacky substance secreted on surfaces of the live algae or a catching structure composed of the live algae to promote greening on the soil surface.

A natural invasion promoting method that is environmentally friendly, easy to carry out, can cope with a wide range of areas and inclined surfaces, achieves efficient natural invasion, and can satisfactorily promote greening on a soil surface of interest, and a spraying material used in the method are provided. A natural invasion promoting method including: spraying a spraying material containing live algae on a soil surface; breeding the live algae; and also directly or indirectly catching flying seeds or spores by a tacky substance secreted on surfaces of the live algae or a catching structure composed of the live algae to promote greening on the soil surface.

An agricultural yield pod or agricultural yield pad with holed root membrane overlay. The agricultural yield pod encloses soil and vegetation in the soil. The top of the agricultural yield pod is closed except for at least one water and nutrition port and at least one vegetation growth port (or neck). The trunk of the vegetation passes through the at least one vegetation growth port (or neck). The agricultural yield pad is closed by the holed root membrane overlay and contains soil and vegetation in the soil. The trunk of the vegetation passes through the holes in the holed root membrane overlay. Root direction channels 38 may be beneath the overlay.

A system and method for objective and real-time measurable indicator for calculating distribution uniformity of water, salinity, conductivity, or temperature in turf are disclosed. In one embodiment, a system and method may be directed to collecting turf condition data using a compact, portable turf analysis device having one or more sensors and Global Positioning System (GPS) module configured to collect location data to a server database. The server assimilates the turf condition data and location data into the server database to determine distribution uniformity of measurements and to calculate turf performance indicators of the turf conditions in a plurality of locations to determine turf performance, turf stress, and turf management best practices. By tracking and analyzing the turf condition data for one or more turf locations as well as location data, the turf quality is objectively measured and managed.

System and method for quantifying qualitative turf conditions as they relate to turf performance and health. In an embodiment, data is collected about turf condition using a turf analysis device. The data collected aboute the conditions may be used to generate condition-based turf stress indexes that may be used to genasrte an overall a Turf Performance Indicator (TPI). Such collections are calculated through a unique quantitative mathematical equation resulting in a measurable quotient that is used to assess overall turf performance qualities on a relative scale over time. Using an integrated Global Positioning System (GPS), the TPI measurements can be used to identify overall property conditions and zone specific conditions within that property. Such analysis is viewed with visual analysis methods using a cloud based system.

Methods are provided for enhancing the health, growth and/or sturdiness of turf grasses by applying a combination of microbes and/or their growth by-products to the turf grass roots and/or to soil. Specifically, in one embodiment, the subject invention utilizes Trichoderma harzianum and a strain of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. The methods can further be used to improve maintenance and upkeep of natural turf grass fields used in, for example, athletics and recreation, as well as to increase the functionality and safety of these natural turf grass fields.

Methods are provided for enhancing the health, growth and/or sturdiness of turf grasses by applying a combination of microbes and/or their growth by-products to the turf grass roots and/or to soil. Specifically, in one embodiment, the subject invention utilizes Trichoderma harzianum and a strain of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. The methods can further be used to improve maintenance and upkeep of natural turf grass fields used in, for example, athletics and recreation, as well as to increase the functionality and safety of these natural turf grass fields.

A turf cup is described that is mounted to a top of an irrigation sprinkler. The turf cup includes an outer sleeve and a plurality of drainage passages.

A vegetation effect calculation device includes: a memory configured to store instructions; and at least one processor configured to execute the instructions to: acquire a moisture content of a slope, a relational expression between the moisture content and an adhesion of soil in the slope, and a vegetation adhesion that is an adhesion of vegetation abundantly growing in the slope; calculate a correction value, using the acquired moisture content of the slope, and the acquired relational expression between the moisture content and the adhesion of the soil; and calculate a corrected vegetation adhesion, using the acquired vegetation adhesion, and the calculated correction value.