A first member formed of a thermoplastic resin molding mixed with a fiber material and a second member formed of a molding containing at least a thermoplastic resin are welded by friction stir spot welding using a double-acting tool for friction stir spot welding. An overlapping part between the first member and the second member is formed, and the tool is disposed against the overlapping part while the pin and the shoulder are rotated about the rotation axis. The pin is plunged into the overlapping part, and friction stir is performed to cause extension fibers to remain around a plunging region of the pin while the shoulder is retracted to release an overflow material. The shoulder is brought closer to the overlapping part to wrap the extension fibers into the overflow material when the overflow material is backfilled while the pin is retracted from the overlapping part.

A method for forming a silicone container having a reinforced rim. A layer of adhesive is applied to the outer surface of a metal ring. The adhesive layer is covered with a first plug of unvulcanized silicone. The first plug of unvulcanized silicone is then vulcanized to form a vulcanized silicone covered metal ring. The vulcanized silicone covered metal ring is then inserted into a mold along with a second plug of unvulcanized silicone. The second plug of unvulcanized silicone is then vulcanized so that it binds with the vulcanized silicone covered metal ring to form a silicone container having a reinforced rim. In one preferred embodiment the silicone container having a reinforced rim is a bowl. In another preferred embodiment the silicone container having a reinforced rim is a cup.

The present disclosure relates to methods by which a warped workpiece is reconfigured in a pre-determined manner to reduce a separation between the warped workpiece and a joining workpiece. The warped workpiece is reformed/reshaped, prior to joining, by softening material of the warped workpiece through application of a predetermined amount of energy at or near warping and using a directional force applied to a first surface of the warped workpiece, thus reducing a separation space at a joining interface of the warped workpiece and joining workpiece.

The present disclosure relates to methods by which a warped workpiece is reconfigured in a pre-determined manner to reduce a separation between the warped workpiece and a joining workpiece. The warped workpiece is reformed/reshaped, prior to joining, by softening material of the warped workpiece through application of a predetermined amount of energy at or near warping and using a directional force applied to a first surface of the warped workpiece, thus reducing a separation space at a joining interface of the warped workpiece and joining workpiece.

A joining method for joining a resin member and a metal member by heating is provided. Joining of the resin member and metal member is performed by heating a joining interface of the resin member and metal member to a temperature in a range of equal to or higher than a decomposition temperature of the resin member and lower than a temperature at which gas bubbles are generated in the resin member and by cooling a surface of the resin member on the opposite side from a joining surface thereof with the metal member to a temperature that is lower than the melting point of the resin member.

According to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a hollow structure body having a hollow structure, in which a first shaped product constituted by a first fiber-reinforced resin material containing first reinforcing fibers and a first matrix resin and a second shaped product constituted by a second fiber-reinforced resin material containing second reinforcing fibers and a second matrix resin are combined, wherein in an arbitrary cross section in a direction perpendicular to an axial direction of the hollow structure, a ratio Sc/St between compressive strength Sc of a structure in the first shaped product and tensile strength St of a structure in the second shaped product satisfies formula (1):
(σc/σt)*(Hc/Ht)<(Sc/St)<(σt/σc)*(Hc/Ht)  formula (1).

According to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a hollow structure body having a hollow structure, in which a first shaped product constituted by a first fiber-reinforced resin material containing first reinforcing fibers and a first matrix resin and a second shaped product constituted by a second fiber-reinforced resin material containing second reinforcing fibers and a second matrix resin are combined, wherein in an arbitrary cross section in a direction perpendicular to an axial direction of the hollow structure, a ratio Sc/St between compressive strength Sc of a structure in the first shaped product and tensile strength St of a structure in the second shaped product satisfies formula (1):
(σc/σt)*(Hc/Ht)<(Sc/St)<(σt/σc)*(Hc/Ht)  formula (1).

The present invention has an object of providing a pneumatic tire that exhibits better uniformity by improving the wire wound body for constituting the bead core. The pneumatic tire 1 comprises a bead core 5 comprising a wire wound body 10 in which one bead wire 10a is spirally wound in a continuous around a tire rotational axis CL so that a plurality of layers of the bead wire are formed in a radial direction of the tire. The wire wound body 10 comprises a first part 13 and a second part 14. The first part 13 comprises a plurality of layers of the bead wire 10a each circumferentially extending with a constant radius from the tire rotational axis CL. The second part comprises a plurality of layers of the bead wire 10a each circumferentially extending while changing its radius from the tire rotational axis CL.

The application describes methods of making composite bodies including fibre-reinforced composite material with carbon fibre reinforcement and also a metal-containing portion (4). The metal-containing portion (4) is formed by laying up metal reinforcement elements, such as tapes of titanium alloy, among the carbon fibre reinforcement tapes which make up the composite body. The proportion of metal reinforcement may increase progressively towards the surface and/or towards an edge (14) of the composite body. In an example, metal leading and trailing edges (14,15) of a fan blade (1) are integrally formed in this way.

A method of fabricating a composite assembly may include providing a first laminate and a second laminate respectively formed of first and second composite plies, and having a respective first and second cured section and a respective first and second uncured section. The method may further include interleaving the first composite plies in the first uncured section with the second composite plies in the second uncured section to form an interfacial region. The method may additionally include curing the interfacial region to join the first laminate to the second laminate and form a unitized composite assembly.