A near-infrared absorbing material fine particle dispersion, a near-infrared absorber laminate, and a laminated structure for near-infrared absorption can exhibit higher near-infrared absorption property, compared to near-infrared fine particle dispersions, near-infrared absorber laminates, and laminated structures for near-infrared absorption, containing tungsten oxides or composite tungsten oxides according to the conventional art. Also, a near-infrared absorbing material fine particle dispersion in which composite tungsten oxide fine particles, each particle containing a hexagonal crystal structure, and a polymer compound with maleic anhydride introduced therein are contained in the polypropylene resin, and the near-infrared absorber laminate and the laminated structure for near-infrared absorption using the dispersion.

A near-infrared absorbing material fine particle dispersion, a near-infrared absorber laminate, and a laminated structure for near-infrared absorption can exhibit higher near-infrared absorption property, compared to near-infrared fine particle dispersions, near-infrared absorber laminates, and laminated structures for near-infrared absorption, containing tungsten oxides or composite tungsten oxides according to the conventional art. Also, a near-infrared absorbing material fine particle dispersion in which composite tungsten oxide fine particles, each particle containing a hexagonal crystal structure, and a polymer compound with maleic anhydride introduced therein are contained in the polypropylene resin, and the near-infrared absorber laminate and the laminated structure for near-infrared absorption using the dispersion.

Provided are a near-infrared absorbing material fine particle dispersion, a near-infrared absorber, and a laminated structure for near-infrared absorption, which can exhibit higher near-infrared absorption property, compared to near-infrared fine particle dispersions, near-infrared absorber, and laminated structures for near-infrared absorption, containing tungsten oxides or composite tungsten oxides according to the conventional art. Also provided is a near-infrared absorbing material fine particle dispersion, wherein composite tungsten oxide fine particles, each particle containing a hexagonal crystal structure, and a silane compound are contained in an acrylic resin.

A molybdenum oxychloride or a tungsten oxychloride, wherein the molybdenum oxychloride or the tungsten oxychloride has a moisture content of less than 1 wt %. A method of producing a molybdenum oxychloride or a tungsten oxychloride, wherein a molybdenum oxide or a tungsten oxide as a raw material is subject to dehydration treatment at 400 C. or higher and 800 C. or less, and the raw material that underwent dehydration treatment is thereafter reacted with a chlorine gas to synthesize a molybdenum oxychloride or a tungsten oxychloride. An object of the present invention is to provide a molybdenum oxychloride or a tungsten oxychloride having a low moisture content, as well as a production method thereof.

A molybdenum oxychloride or a tungsten oxychloride, wherein the molybdenum oxychloride or the tungsten oxychloride has a moisture content of less than 1 wt %. A method of producing a molybdenum oxychloride or a tungsten oxychloride, wherein a molybdenum oxide or a tungsten oxide as a raw material is subject to dehydration treatment at 400 C. or higher and 800 C. or less, and the raw material that underwent dehydration treatment is thereafter reacted with a chlorine gas to synthesize a molybdenum oxychloride or a tungsten oxychloride. An object of the present invention is to provide a molybdenum oxychloride or a tungsten oxychloride having a low moisture content, as well as a production method thereof.

Solid-state lithium ion electrolytes of lithium potassium element oxide based compounds are provided which contain an anionic framework capable of conducting lithium ions. The element atoms are Ir, Sb, I Nb and W. An activation energy of the lithium potassium element oxide compounds is from 0.15 to 0.50 eV and conductivities are from 10.sup.3 to 22 mS/cm at 300K. Compounds of specific formulae are provided and methods to alter the materials with inclusion of aliovalent ions shown. Lithium batteries containing the composite lithium ion electrolytes are also provided. Electrodes containing the lithium potassium element oxide based materials and batteries with such electrodes are also provided.

The present invention relates to a transition metal nitride support, a method of manufacturing the same, a metal catalyst and a platinum-alloy catalyst including the transition metal nitride support, and manufacturing methods thereof. The manufactured transition metal support prevents corrosion of the support and aggregation of the platinum catalyst, thereby exhibiting high oxygen reduction catalytic activity. Also, strong metal-support interaction (SMSI) can be stabilized, thus improving the durability of the catalyst. The transition metal support includes large pores uniformly distributed therein, thereby increasing the amount of the catalyst supported and minimizing mass-transfer resistance in a membrane- electrode assembly, increasing the performance of a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell. The metal catalyst includes platinum particles loaded on the transition metal nitride support, thus exhibiting superior durability and activity. The manufactured platinum-alloy catalyst decreases the use of expensive platinum, thus generating economic benefits and improving the inherent oxygen reduction performance.

The present invention generally relates to a device and a process for performing large-scale noncovalent functionalization of 2D materials, with chemical pattern elements as small as a few nanometers, using thermally controlled rotary Langmuir-Schaefer conversion. In particular, the present invention discloses a device comprising a thermally regulated disc driven by a rotor with fine speed control configured to be operable with a Langmuir trough for performing large-scale noncovalent functionalization of 2D materials, achieving ordered domain areas up to nearly 10,000 m.sup.2, with chemical pattern elements as small as a few nanometers. A process using the device for performing large-scale noncovalent functionalization of 2D materials with chemical pattern elements as small as a few nanometers is within the scope of this disclosure. The process we demonstrate would be readily extensible to roll-to-roll processing, addressing a longstanding challenge in scaling Langmuir-Schaefer transfer for practical applications.

The present invention generally relates to a device and a process for performing large-scale noncovalent functionalization of 2D materials, with chemical pattern elements as small as a few nanometers, using thermally controlled rotary Langmuir-Schaefer conversion. In particular, the present invention discloses a device comprising a thermally regulated disc driven by a rotor with fine speed control configured to be operable with a Langmuir trough for performing large-scale noncovalent functionalization of 2D materials, achieving ordered domain areas up to nearly 10,000 m.sup.2, with chemical pattern elements as small as a few nanometers. A process using the device for performing large-scale noncovalent functionalization of 2D materials with chemical pattern elements as small as a few nanometers is within the scope of this disclosure. The process we demonstrate would be readily extensible to roll-to-roll processing, addressing a longstanding challenge in scaling Langmuir-Schaefer transfer for practical applications.

A complex oxide ceramic according to an embodiment is a complex oxide ceramic including a rare earth element and at least one element selected from among molybdenum, tungsten, and vanadium. An example of the rare earth element is at least one species selected from among La, Ce, and Gd.