Use of aluminum in a lithium rich cathode material of the general formula (I) for suppressing gas evolution from the cathode material during a charge cycle and for increasing the charge capacity of the cathode material.

The present application discloses a positive electrode active material including a lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide, the molar content of nickel in the lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide accounts for 60%-90% of the total molar content of nickel, cobalt and manganese, and the lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide has a layered crystal structure of a space group R 3m; a transition metal layer of the lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide includes a doping element, and the local mass concentration of the doping element in particles of the positive electrode active material has a relative deviation of 20% or less; and in a differential scanning calorimetry spectrum of the positive electrode active material in a 78% delithiation state, an initial exothermic temperature of a main exothermic peak is 200° C. or more, and an integral area of the main exothermic peak is 100 J/g or less.

A positive electrode active material includes a lithium transition metal oxide represented by Formula 1, and a lithium-containing inorganic compound layer formed on a surface of the lithium transition metal oxide,
Li.sub.1+a(Ni.sub.bCo.sub.cX.sub.dM.sup.1.sub.eM.sup.2.sub.f).sub.1−aO.sub.2  [Formula 1] in Formula 1, X is at least one selected from the group consisting of manganese (Mn) and aluminum (Al), M.sup.1 is at least one selected from the group consisting of sulfur (S), fluorine (F), phosphorus (P), and nitrogen (N), M.sup.2 is at least one selected from the group consisting of zirconium (Zr), boron (B), cobalt (Co), tungsten (W), magnesium (Mg), cerium (Ce), tantalum (Ta), titanium (Ti), strontium (Sr), barium (Ba), hafnium (Hf), F, P, S, lanthanum (La), and yttrium (Y), 0≤a≤0.1, 0.6≤b≤0.99, 0≤c≤0.2, 0≤d≤0.2, 0<e≤0.1, and 0<f≤0.1. A method of preparing the positive electrode active material, a positive electrode and a lithium secondary battery are also provided.

Systems and methods for direct recycling and upcycling of spent cathode materials using Flame-Assisted Spray Pyrolysis Technology (FAST). In illustrative embodiments, cathode layers are separated and collected from spent battery cells. The cathode laminate is ground to a powdered form and treated to remove contaminants by sifting into a hot stream of air which heats the powders, burning off contaminants. After cooling and particle collection, the powders may be dispersed into leaching solution to dissolve metal oxides and create an acid metal solution or ground into nano-sized primary particles and mixed with dispersing liquids to form a solution. The solution may be mixed with glycerol and additional metal salts to create a final precursor solution, which may undergo spray pyrolysis followed by drying and calcination to create cathode materials with high consistency and repeatability, or mixed with an alkaline metal salt solution and undergo electrodeposition to recover desired metal salts.

A process for producing a lithium nickel metal oxide material is provided together with a particulate lithium nickel metal oxide material with a defined crystallite size. Such materials find utility as cathode materials for secondary lithium-ion batteries. The process comprises a first calcination step which comprises heating at a temperature of between about 460° C. and about 540° C. for a period of between three and ten hours, and a subsequent second calcination step which comprises heating to a temperature greater than about 600° C. for a period of between 30 mins and 4 hours.

A process for producing a surface-modified particulate lithium nickel metal oxide material is provided. The process comprises the addition of a controlled quantity of a coating liquid comprising a metal-containing compound and a lithium-containing compound to nickel metal precursor particles using an incipient wetness process followed by a calcination step.

A positive electrode active material precursor for a secondary battery, which is a secondary particle in which primary particles are aggregated, includes a core portion including nickel (Ni), cobalt (Co), and manganese (Mn), and a shell portion surrounding a surface of the core portion and including nickel (Ni), cobalt (Co), manganese (Mn), and aluminum (Al), wherein the core portion and the shell portion has rod-shaped primary particles, and an average major axis length of the primary particles of the shell portion is smaller than an average major axis length of the primary particles of the core portion. A method of preparing the positive electrode active material precursor, and a positive electrode active material prepared by using the positive electrode active material precursor are also provided.

A composition and a solid material is especially suitable for the manufacture of an antenna adapted to operate in the very high frequency and ultra high frequency or V/UHF band. The composition has the formula Ni.sub.aZn.sub.bCu.sub.cCo.sub.dFe.sub.2-δO.sub.4, in which 2(a+b+c+d)+3(2−δ)=8, 0.05<b<0.5, e.g. 0.1<b<0.5, e.g. 0.1<b<0.4, e.g. 0.15<b<0.35, 0.10<c<0.25, preferably 0.15<c<0.25, alternatively c is 0.20, 0.04<d<0.25, preferably 0.06<d<0.25, and more preferably 0.07<d<0.25, and δ<0.05.

Process for precipitating a mixed carbonate or mixed (oxy)hydroxide comprising nickel from an aqueous solution comprising a nickel salt, wherein such process is carried out in a vessel comprising (A) a vessel body, (B) one or more elements selected from draft tubes and guide vanes, (C) at least one stirrer whose pressure zone is in or between element(s) (B), and wherein the process comprises the step of simultaneously adding said solution comprising a nickel salt in or between element(s) (B) and a solution of alkali metal carbonate or hydroxide in or between or outside element(s) (B).

A positive electrode active material powder for a lithium secondary battery, which includes a lithium composite transition metal oxide in the form of a single particle consisting of one nodule, or a pseudo-single crystal, which is a composite of 30 or less nodules, where the positive electrode active material powder satisfies Expression 1: 0.5≤D.sub.mean33 d.sub.press/D.sub.50≤3.Where D.sub.mean is an average particle diameter of the nodules as measured using an electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) pattern analyzer, d.sub.press is a press density measured after 5 g of the positive electrode active material powder is input into a circular mold with a diameter of 2 cm and pressurized at a pressure of 2000 kgf, and D.sub.50 is a value corresponding to a cumulative volume of 50% in the particle size distribution of the positive electrode active material powder.