An article comprises a glass substrate. The glass substrate has a first surface having a plurality of vias therein, and a second surface parallel to the first surface. At least one of the first surface and the second surface is an etched surface having a surface roughness (Ra) of 0.75 nm or less. The glass substrate comprises, in mol percent on an oxide basis: 65 mol %≤SiO.sub.2≤75 mol %; 7 mol %≤Al.sub.2O.sub.3≤15 mol %; 26.25 mol %≤RO+Al.sub.2O.sub.3−B.sub.2O.sub.3; 0 mol %≤R.sub.2O≤2 mol %. RO=MgO+CaO+SrO+BaO+ZnO. R.sub.2O=Li.sub.2O+Na.sub.2O+K.sub.2O+Rb.sub.2O+Cs.sub.2O.

An article comprises a glass substrate. The glass substrate has a first surface having a plurality of vias therein, and a second surface parallel to the first surface. At least one of the first surface and the second surface is an etched surface having a surface roughness (Ra) of 0.75 nm or less. The glass substrate comprises, in mol percent on an oxide basis: 65 mol %≤SiO.sub.2≤75 mol %; 7 mol %≤Al.sub.2O.sub.3≤15 mol %; 26.25 mol %≤RO+Al.sub.2O.sub.3−B.sub.2O.sub.3; 0 mol %≤R.sub.2O≤2 mol %. RO=MgO+CaO+SrO+BaO+ZnO. R.sub.2O=Li.sub.2O+Na.sub.2O+K.sub.2O+Rb.sub.2O+Cs.sub.2O.

A multi-layer and method of making the same are provided. The multi-layer, such as a sensor, can include a high strength glass overlay and a lamination layer on a substrate layer. The overlay can be less than 250 micrometers thick and have at least one tempered surface incorporating a surface compression layer of at least 5 micrometers deep and a surface compressive stress of at least 200 MPa. The overlay can exhibit a puncture factor of at least 3000 N/μm.sup.2 at B10 (10.sup.th percentile of the probability distribution of failure) in a multi-layer structure, an apparent thickness of less than 0.014 mm, and a pencil hardness greater than 6H. The method can include ion-exchange tempering at least one major surface of a glass sheet, light etching the major surface to remove flaws and laminating the glass sheet on the tempered and lightly etched major surface to a substrate layer.

A multi-layer and method of making the same are provided. The multi-layer, such as a sensor, can include a high strength glass overlay and a lamination layer on a substrate layer. The overlay can be less than 250 micrometers thick and have at least one tempered surface incorporating a surface compression layer of at least 5 micrometers deep and a surface compressive stress of at least 200 MPa. The overlay can exhibit a puncture factor of at least 3000 N/μm.sup.2 at B10 (10.sup.th percentile of the probability distribution of failure) in a multi-layer structure, an apparent thickness of less than 0.014 mm, and a pencil hardness greater than 6H. The method can include ion-exchange tempering at least one major surface of a glass sheet, light etching the major surface to remove flaws and laminating the glass sheet on the tempered and lightly etched major surface to a substrate layer.

A bendable stack assembly that includes a glass element having a composition substantially free of alkali ions, an elastic modulus of about 40 GPa to about 100 GPa, a final thickness from about 20 μm to about 100 μm, a first primary surface substantially in tension upon a bending of the element, and a second primary surface substantially in compression upon the bending, the primary surfaces characterized by a prior material removal to the final thickness from an initial thickness that is at least 20 μm greater than the final thickness. The glass element also includes a protect layer on the first primary surface. In addition, the glass element is characterized by an absence of failure when the element is held during the bending at a bend radius of about 15 mm for at least 60 minutes at about 25 C and about 50% relative humidity.

A bendable stack assembly that includes a glass element having a composition substantially free of alkali ions, an elastic modulus of about 40 GPa to about 100 GPa, a final thickness from about 20 μm to about 100 μm, a first primary surface substantially in tension upon a bending of the element, and a second primary surface substantially in compression upon the bending, the primary surfaces characterized by a prior material removal to the final thickness from an initial thickness that is at least 20 μm greater than the final thickness. The glass element also includes a protect layer on the first primary surface. In addition, the glass element is characterized by an absence of failure when the element is held during the bending at a bend radius of about 15 mm for at least 60 minutes at about 25 C and about 50% relative humidity.

A glass sheet includes a first main surface and a second main surface opposite to the first main surface in a thickness direction. X represented by the following formula (1) is −0.29<X<0.29: A×Δ.sup.1H/.sup.30Si+B×ΔNa.sub.2O+C×ΔSn+D×ΔF=X (1). F.sub.0-3 determined according to the following formula (II) is 0.02 or more: F.sub.0-3=[average fluorine concentration (wt %) by SIMS at depth of 0 to 3 μm in first main surface]×3 (II).

The present invention concerns a method for modifying the properties of the surface (F) of a material. The method comprises the following steps: preparing a first layer (12; 12) comprising an electrically conductive material suited to serve the function of a cathode, a second layer (14) comprising an electrically conductive material suited to serve the function of an anode and an intermediate layer (16) suited to become impregnated with an electrolyte in the liquid phase or to regulate its flow between said cathode and said anode; associating an electrolyte in the liquid phase with one or more of said layers (12, 14, 16); positioning the anode or the cathode on the surface (F) to be treated; supplying power to the cathode and the anode in order to activate the electrochemical process of the electrolyte in the liquid phase for a predetermined time interval.

The present invention concerns a method for modifying the properties of the surface (F) of a material. The method comprises the following steps: preparing a first layer (12; 12) comprising an electrically conductive material suited to serve the function of a cathode, a second layer (14) comprising an electrically conductive material suited to serve the function of an anode and an intermediate layer (16) suited to become impregnated with an electrolyte in the liquid phase or to regulate its flow between said cathode and said anode; associating an electrolyte in the liquid phase with one or more of said layers (12, 14, 16); positioning the anode or the cathode on the surface (F) to be treated; supplying power to the cathode and the anode in order to activate the electrochemical process of the electrolyte in the liquid phase for a predetermined time interval.

A method for producing a glass article is provided. The method for producing a glass article, the method including preparing a glass to be processed, the glass comprising a glass bulk and a low-refractive surface layer disposed on the glass bulk, and etching away the low-refractive surface layer to form an etched glass, wherein the etching away the low-refractive surface layer comprises: cleaning the low-refractive surface layer with an acid solution; and cleaning the low-refractive surface layer with a base solution after the cleaning it with the acid solution.