The present specification describes a novel polycyclic compound and an organic electroluminescent device using the same.

A crystal material that is represented by a general formula (1): (RE.sub.xA.sub.1-x-y-sB.sub.yM.sub.s).sub.2+?(Si.sub.1-tM.sub.t).sub.2+?O.sub.7+? (1), the crystal material having a pyrochlore type structure, being a nonstoichiometric composition, and being a congruent melting composition, wherein in Formula (1), A contains at least one or more selected from Gd, Y, La, Sc, Yb, and Lu; B contains at least one or more selected from La, Gd, Yb, Lu, Y, and Sc; 0.1?y<0.4; RE contains at least one or more selected from Ce, Pr, Nd, Eu, Tb, and Yb; 0<x<0.1; M and M contain at least one or more selected from Li, Na, K, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ti, Zr, Hf, Fe, Ta, and W; 0?s<0.01 and 0?t<0.01; and 0<|?|<0.3 and 0?|?|<0.3 and 0?|?|<0.5.

Specific compounds, a material, preferably an emitter material, may be suitable for an organic electroluminescence device, and be of formula (I):

##STR00001##

An organic electroluminescence device may include such compounds. An electronic equipment may include such an organic electroluminescence device. A light emitting layer may include at least one host and at least one dopant, the dopant including at least one of such compounds. Such compounds may be used in an organic electroluminescence device.

The present invention has as its object the provision of a fluorescence light source apparatus that is prevented from a drop in reflectance and can provide high emission efficiency over a long period of time without causing the problem of exfoliation of a reflection layer from a fluorescent plate. The fluorescence light source apparatus according to the present invention includes a fluorescent plate that is made of a phosphor for emitting fluorescence under excitation light and a metal oxide and has a front surface serving as an excitation light incident surface, a reflection layer disposed on a back surface side of the fluorescent layer, and a heat dissipation substrate. A sealing layer covering the back surface and a peripheral side surface of the reflection layer is provided in close contact with a peripheral area of the back surface of the fluorescent plate via an adhesion layer.

A quantum rod, a synthesis method of the quantum rod and a quantum rod display device are discussed. The quantum rod according to an embodiment includes a core, a first shell covering the core, and a second shell covering a side of the first shell. In the quantum rod, a first thickness of the first shell is greater than a second thickness of the second shell, and a first length of the first shell is smaller than a second length of the second shell.

A residue remaining on an object to be cleaned after cleaning is easily detected and observed on the object. Adhesive materials for use in residue confirmation, which are applied in advance to an object to be cleaned for confirmation of a residue remaining on the object after cleaning, are formed by coloring chips produced during cutting work. The adhesive materials are preferably formed by coating and coloring the chips with paint, the paint emitting visible light in an excited state.

A residue remaining on an object to be cleaned after cleaning is easily detected and observed on the object. Adhesive materials for use in residue confirmation, which are applied in advance to an object to be cleaned for confirmation of a residue remaining on the object after cleaning, are formed by coloring chips produced during cutting work. The adhesive materials are preferably formed by coating and coloring the chips with paint, the paint emitting visible light in an excited state.

An organic EL device including an anode; an emission layer; an anode-side hole transport layer between the anode and the emission layer, the anode-side hole transport layer including an anode-side hole transport material and being doped with an electron accepting material; an intermediate hole transport layer between the anode-side hole transport layer and the emission layer, the intermediate hole transport layer including an intermediate hole transport material; and an emission layer-side hole transport layer between the intermediate hole transport layer and the emission layer, the emission layer-side hole transport layer being adjacent to the emission layer, wherein the emission layer-side hole transport layer includes an emission layer-side hole transport material represented by the following Formula 1: ##STR00001##

A luminescent layer is described comprising an Eu.sup.2+ doped inorganic luminescent material comprising or consisting essentially of the elements Al and/or Si and the elements O and/or N, the doped inorganic luminescent material converting radiation of the UV region between 200 nm and 400 nm of the solar spectrum into the photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) region (400 nm-700 nm) of the solar spectrum, wherein the Si concentration in the inorganic luminescent material is selected between 0 and 45 at. %, the Al concentration between 0 and 50 at. %, the O concentration between 0 and 70 at. %, the N concentration between 0 and 60 at. % and the Eu2+ between 0.01 and 30 at. %.

A luminescent layer is described comprising an Eu.sup.2+ doped inorganic luminescent material comprising or consisting essentially of the elements Al and/or Si and the elements O and/or N, the doped inorganic luminescent material converting radiation of the UV region between 200 nm and 400 nm of the solar spectrum into the photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) region (400 nm-700 nm) of the solar spectrum, wherein the Si concentration in the inorganic luminescent material is selected between 0 and 45 at. %, the Al concentration between 0 and 50 at. %, the O concentration between 0 and 70 at. %, the N concentration between 0 and 60 at. % and the Eu2+ between 0.01 and 30 at. %.