A wavelength conversion member includes a sintered body of a phosphor. An average diameter of pores in an arbitrary cross section falls within a range of not less than 0.28 m and not more than 0.98 m. A ratio of an area of pores to a whole area in an arbitrary cross section falls within a range of not less than 0.04% and not more than 2.7%. An average diameter of grains of the phosphor in an arbitrary cross section falls within a range of not less than 1 m and not more than 3 m.

A bi-phased approach between good solvents (or non-polar) and bad solvents (polar) can be used to assemble nanorods into highly ordered monolayers or multilayers of ordered nanorod arrays. These ordered nanorod arrays can display unique optical properties. For example, ordered arrays of CdSe/CdS core/shell nanorods were assembled that display polarized photoluminescence.

A light emitter is a light emitter for converting incident electrons into light, and includes a multiple quantum well structure for generating the light by incidence of the electrons, and an electron incident surface provided on the multiple quantum well structure. A certain barrier layer included in a plurality of barrier layers constituting the multiple quantum well structure is thicker than another barrier layer included in the plurality of barrier layers and located on the electron incident surface side with respect to the certain barrier layer.

Provided is a scintillator material (13) that is excited by radiation rays to emit visible light. The scintillator material (13) has a cristobalite structure obtained by crystallizing a part of silica. A fluorescent material SrI.sub.2:Eu.sup.2+ is incorporated into the cristobalite structure to form a nanocomposite, and the cristobalite structure contains an alkali metal ion.

A method of manufacturing a photoluminescent element (1), wherein a thick, 1000-1500 kg/m3 density transparent layer (11) is applied onto a plate (2) or into at least one mold (3) at an ambient temperature of 15-55 C. and allowed to dry for 10 minutes to 8 hours, followed by applying a thin, 100-200 mPa.Math.s viscosity transparent layer (12). Further, a photoluminescent powder (131) is immediately applied and allowed to fall by its gravity only through the thin transparent layer (12) to adhere at the interface of both the transparent layers (11, 12) and, therefore, to form a continuous photoluminescent layer (13). All the achieved layers (11, 12, 13) are finally hardened together.

A method of manufacturing a photoluminescent element (1), wherein a thick, 1000-1500 kg/m3 density transparent layer (11) is applied onto a plate (2) or into at least one mold (3) at an ambient temperature of 15-55 C. and allowed to dry for 10 minutes to 8 hours, followed by applying a thin, 100-200 mPa.Math.s viscosity transparent layer (12). Further, a photoluminescent powder (131) is immediately applied and allowed to fall by its gravity only through the thin transparent layer (12) to adhere at the interface of both the transparent layers (11, 12) and, therefore, to form a continuous photoluminescent layer (13). All the achieved layers (11, 12, 13) are finally hardened together.

Luminescent greenhouse glazing structures are described wherein the glazing structures comprise: a glass pane for a greenhouse; and, one or more Eu.sup.2+ doped amorphous inorganic luminescent thin film layers provided over the glass pane, wherein the one or more Eu.sup.2+ doped amorphous inorganic luminescent layers comprise or consist essentially of the elements Al and/or Si and the elements O and/or N; and, wherein the Si concentration is selected between 0 and 45 at. %, the Al concentration between 0 and 50 at. %, the O concentration between 0 and 70 at. %, the N concentration between 0 and 60 at. % and the Eu.sup.2+ between 0.01 and 30 at. %.

Luminescent greenhouse glazing structures are described wherein the glazing structures comprise: a glass pane for a greenhouse; and, one or more Eu.sup.2+ doped amorphous inorganic luminescent thin film layers provided over the glass pane, wherein the one or more Eu.sup.2+ doped amorphous inorganic luminescent layers comprise or consist essentially of the elements Al and/or Si and the elements O and/or N; and, wherein the Si concentration is selected between 0 and 45 at. %, the Al concentration between 0 and 50 at. %, the O concentration between 0 and 70 at. %, the N concentration between 0 and 60 at. % and the Eu.sup.2+ between 0.01 and 30 at. %.

Presented are apparatus, systems and methods for creating tuned color emissions, from lighting and displays, that can be electronically controlled to select a desirable spectrum of wavelengths safer for human vision, for optimal color reproduction, for energy/brightness efficiency, and more. Apparatus including light emitting chips, materials, package design, electronic control devices and circuits, lights, light-fixtures, display panels, visual computing devices and systems, are disclosed. An embodiment is described which is capable of operating in modes, where eye-safe colors are rendered with minimal harmful wavelengths, as well as at least one mode of operation favoring color rendering, and brightness configurations. An embodiment is operable to deliver a paper-like black-on-white viewing experience, in both night-time and day-time operating modes, with reduced high-energy blue-wavelength light spectra. In one embodiment, the light-emitter, controller, display and system are operable to switch between these modes of operation.

Presented are apparatus, systems and methods for creating tuned color emissions, from lighting and displays, that can be electronically controlled to select a desirable spectrum of wavelengths safer for human vision, for optimal color reproduction, for energy/brightness efficiency, and more. Apparatus including light emitting chips, materials, package design, electronic control devices and circuits, lights, light-fixtures, display panels, visual computing devices and systems, are disclosed. An embodiment is described which is capable of operating in modes, where eye-safe colors are rendered with minimal harmful wavelengths, as well as at least one mode of operation favoring color rendering, and brightness configurations. An embodiment is operable to deliver a paper-like black-on-white viewing experience, in both night-time and day-time operating modes, with reduced high-energy blue-wavelength light spectra. In one embodiment, the light-emitter, controller, display and system are operable to switch between these modes of operation.