The present application provides a composition comprising 8-30 mass % of C.sub.4-12 linear alkanes, 5-50 mass % of .sub.C4-12 branched alkanes, 25-60 mass % of C.sub.5-12 cycloalkanes, 1-25 mass of C.sub.6-12 aromatic hydrocarbons, no more than 1 mass% of alkenes, and no more than 0.5 mass % in total of oxygen-containing compounds; wherein the total amount of C.sub.4-12 alkanes is 40-80 mass %, and the total amount of C.sub.4-12 alkanes, C.sub.5-12 cycloalkanes and C.sub.6-12 aromatic hydrocarbons is at least 95 mass %; and wherein the amounts are based on the mass of the composition. Also described is a method for producing the composition comprising the step of hydroprocessing a biological feedstock using a catalyst and the step of fractionating the product of the hydroprocessing step.

The present application provides a composition comprising 8-30 mass % of C.sub.4-12 linear alkanes, 5-50 mass % of .sub.C4-12 branched alkanes, 25-60 mass % of C.sub.5-12 cycloalkanes, 1-25 mass of C.sub.6-12 aromatic hydrocarbons, no more than 1 mass% of alkenes, and no more than 0.5 mass % in total of oxygen-containing compounds; wherein the total amount of C.sub.4-12 alkanes is 40-80 mass %, and the total amount of C.sub.4-12 alkanes, C.sub.5-12 cycloalkanes and C.sub.6-12 aromatic hydrocarbons is at least 95 mass %; and wherein the amounts are based on the mass of the composition. Also described is a method for producing the composition comprising the step of hydroprocessing a biological feedstock using a catalyst and the step of fractionating the product of the hydroprocessing step.

Methods are provided for refining natural oil feedstocks. The methods comprise reacting the feedstock in the presence of a metathesis catalyst under conditions sufficient to form a metathesized product comprising olefins and esters. In certain embodiments, the methods further comprise separating the olefins from the esters in the metathesized product. In certain embodiments, the methods further comprise hydrogenating the olefins under conditions sufficient to form a fuel composition. In certain embodiments, the methods further comprise transesterifying the esters in the presence of an alcohol to form a transesterified product.

Methods are provided for refining natural oil feedstocks. The methods comprise reacting the feedstock in the presence of a metathesis catalyst under conditions sufficient to form a metathesized product comprising olefins and esters. In certain embodiments, the methods further comprise separating the olefins from the esters in the metathesized product. In certain embodiments, the methods further comprise hydrogenating the olefins under conditions sufficient to form a fuel composition. In certain embodiments, the methods further comprise transesterifying the esters in the presence of an alcohol to form a transesterified product.

An omega-7 fatty acid composition from a raw material Tribonema sp. obtained under heterotrophy and/or mixotrophy and a method of cultivation of Tribonema sp. by way of heterotrophy and/or mixotrophy. The content of omega-7 fatty acid in the omega-7 fatty acid composition is 30% to 70%. The method of cultivation involves nutrient composition of a culture medium, cultivation conditions, and operation steps of a cultivation process. An application of the method in the production of Tribonema biomass, lipid rich in omega-7 fatty acid, products with the biomass and/or the lipid as the raw material, etc.

Described herein is a polymerized biorenewable, previously modified, or functionalized oil, comprising a polymeric distribution having about 2 to about 80 wt % oligomer content, a polydispersity index ranging from about 1.30 to about 2.20, and sulfur content ranging from 0.001 wt % to about 8 wt %. Methods of manufacturing the polymerized oil as well as its incorporation into asphalt paving, roofmg, and coating applications are also described.

Described herein is an emulsion for use in asphalt rejuvenation applications, comprising an oil phase comprising (1) a polymerized oil comprising a polymeric distribution having about 2 to about 80 wt % oligomer content, a polydispersity index ranging from about 1.0 to about 5.0, and sulfur content less than about 8 wt %; and (2) an aqueous phase, comprising a surfactant. The emulsion may be incorporated into asphalt paving, roofing, and coating applications and especially aged or recycled asphalt thereby obtaining rejuvenated asphalt.

A metathesized natural oil composition comprising (i) a mixture olefins and/or esters, or (ii) a metathesized natural oil, is disclosed. The metathesized natural oil composition has a number average molecular weight in the range from about 100 g/mol to about 150,000 g/mol, a weight average molecular weight in the range from about 1,000 g/mol to about 100,000 g/mol, a z-average molecular weight in the range from about 5,000 g/mol to about 1,000,000 g/mol, and a polydispersity index of about 1 to about 20. The metathesized natural oil composition is metathesized at least once.

Lipid compositions and lipid compositions included in cosmetic products, personal care products, skin care products, nutraceuticals, bio fuels, bio-lubricants, oleo chemicals, nutritional products, other bio-products, and animal feed compositions. Concentrations of lipid components. A method of removing and recovering a lipid composition by mixing a lipid feedstock with a solvent, separating the mixture into a raffinate phase and an extract phase containing beneficial non-glyceride compounds, removing solvent from the extract phase and obtaining a concentrate phase, and recovering a lipid composition from the concentrate phase. A method of producing a fatty acid alkyl ester. A method of producing a distiller's product. A method of performing secondary extractions and recovering a lipid composition by performing a first extraction on a lipid feedstock, performing a second extraction on a lipid feedstock, and exploiting differences in solubility limits to create unique product fractions derived from naturally occurring lipids.

The present disclosure describes methods for reducing the content of minerals, metals, ions, and/or other undesirable contaminants in vegetable oil, such as corn oil, obtained from fermentation of ground vegetable material. In one aspect, the methods herein produce distiller's corn oil having low amounts of minerals, metals, ions, and/or other contaminants rendering the corn oil more suitable for various further uses, such as biofuel production, with little to no additional refining.