Disclosed herein are methods of controlling insect pests which infest crop plants, in particular Spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm), Lygus hesperus (western tarnished plant bug), Euschistus heros (neotropical brown stink bug), and Plutella xylostella (diamondback moth), and methods of providing plants resistant to such pests. Also disclosed are polynucleotides and recombinant DNA molecules and constructs useful in such methods, insecticidal compositions such as topical sprays containing insecticidal double-stranded RNAs, and plants with improved resistance to infestation by these insects. Further disclosed are methods of selecting target genes for RNAi-mediated silencing and control of these insect pests.

The present invention relates to oligomeric nucleic acids and uses thereof for the treatment of tumors. The oligomeric nucleic acid for tumor treatment provided by the present application can be small activating nucleic acid molecules. A small activating nucleic acid molecule of the present invention can be a double-stranded or single-stranded RNA molecule targeting the promoter region of an LHPP gene comprising a first nucleic acid strand and a second nucleic acid strand. The double-stranded RNA molecule targeting the promoter region of the LHPP gene comprises two nucleic acid strands of 16 to 35 nucleotides in length, wherein one of the nucleic acid strands has at least 75% homology or complementarity to a target selected from the promoter region of the LHPP gene. The present invention also relates to pharmaceutical compositions comprising the small activating nucleic acids and optional pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, and methods for upregulating the expression of the LHPP gene in a cell and methods for treating diseases or conditions related to insufficient or decreased expression of LHPP gene by using the small activating nucleic acid molecules or the pharmaceutical compositions.

saRNAs are provided in the present invention. The saRNAs are composed of a first oligonucleotide strand containing 17 to 30 nucleotides and a second oligonucleotide strand containing 17 to 30 nucleotides. Sequences of at least 15 nucleotides in length are complementary in the two oligonucleotide strands, and the unpaired terminal nucleotides form overhangs. The first oligonucleotide strand or the second oligonucleotide strand has more than 75% homology or complementarity with any continuous fragment of 16 to 35 nucleotides in length in the promoter of the target gene. The second oligonucleotide strand has an overhang composed of 1 to 4 nucleotides at 3′ end. saRNAs of the present invention can upregulate target gene expression more effectively while reducing off-target effects.

Disclosed herein are methods of controlling insect pests which infest crop plants, in particular Spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm), Lygus hesperus (western tarnished plant bug), Euschistus heros (neotropical brown stink bug), and Plutella xylostella (diamondback moth), and methods of providing plants resistant to such pests. Also disclosed are polynucleotides and recombinant DNA molecules and constructs useful in such methods, insecticidal compositions such as topical sprays containing insecticidal double-stranded RNAs, and plants with improved resistance to infestation by these insects. Further disclosed are methods of selecting target genes for RNAi-mediated silencing and control of these insect pests.

The present invention provides methods and compositions for reducing lactate production and increasing polypeptide production in cultured cells. In one aspect, the invention provides a method comprising culturing cells expressing a) a small interfering RNA (siRNA) specific for a lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and b) an siRNA specific for a pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDHK). In another aspect, the invention provides cultured cells or vectors comprising an siRNA specific for a LDH and an siRNA specific for a PDHK.

The present invention is directed to methods and compositions for treating or attenuating age-related symptoms or diseases in a cell, a tissue, an organ, or an organism by administration of therapeutically effective amounts of VEGF stimulating-, VEGFR stimulating-compound, or any combination thereof.

The present invention relates to a novel antibody against HERV-K envelope that targets a conserved region not affected by glycosylation or by native conformation, and its use in diagnostics and/or is therapy.

Provided herein are polypeptides comprising a modified fibronectin type III (Fn3) domain, wherein the amino acid corresponding to residue 58 of SEQ ID NO: 1 is mutated, and wherein the solubility is enhanced relative to the solubility of a Fn3 domain in which the amino acid corresponding to residue 58 of SEQ ID NO: 1 is not mutated. Also provided are libraries comprising a plurality of the polypeptides and a method for identifying a polypeptide that binds to a target.

Disclosed is an isolated or purified T cell receptor (TCR), wherein the TCR has antigenic specificity for a mutated RAS amino acid sequence presented by a human leukocyte antigen (HLA) Class I molecule. Related polypeptides and proteins, as well as related nucleic acids, recombinant expression vectors, host cells, populations of cells, and pharmaceutical compositions are also provided. Also disclosed are methods of detecting the presence of cancer in a mammal and methods of treating or preventing cancer in a mammal.

The present invention provides ethods and compositions for reducing lactate production and increasing polypeptide production in cultured cells. In one aspect, the invention provides a method comprising culturing cells expressing a) a small interfering RNA (siRNA) specific for a lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and b) an siRNA specific for a pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDHK). In another aspect, the invention provides cultured cells or vectors comprising an siRNA specific for a LDH and an siRNA specific for a PDHK.