Methods of and system for growing and maintaining an optimized/ideal active yeast solution in the yeast tank and fermenter tank during the fermentation filling cycle are provided. A new yeast stage tank is used between the yeast tank and the fermenter tank allowing yeast to rapidly produce a huge amount of active young yeast cells for a fermenter during the filling period. A measurable and useful controlling factor, % DT/% Yeast by weight ratio (or “food” to yeast ratio), is used (e.g., % DT=glucose), which offers information on the health status of the yeast. The controlling factor is used to control the status of the yeast throughout the entire process.

A method for preparing purified yeast is disclosed, where the squalene source is a yeast that hyper-produces squalene. The squalene is useful for pharmaceutical purposes. For instance, it can be used to prepare an oil-in-water emulsion, and the emulsion is particularly suitable for use as an immunological adjuvant.

Provided is a method for producing a polyisoprenoid, which can increase natural rubber production by enhancing the rubber synthesis activity of rubber particles. The present invention provides methods for producing a polyisoprenoid using a gene coding for a cis-prenyltransferase (CPT) family protein, a gene coding for a Nogo-B receptor (NgBR) family protein and a gene coding for a rubber elongation factor (REF) family protein, specifically a method for producing a polyisoprenoid in vitro using rubber particles bound to proteins coded for by these genes, and a method for producing a polyisoprenoid in vivo using a recombinant organism (plant) having these genes introduced therein.

A method is provided for producing modified mutant yeast and the resulting yeast that can be used as a platform for terpene production. The method includes chemical mutagenesis to effect ergosterol dependent growth in yeast. Subsequently, these yeast are subjected to an erg9 knockout mutation to thereby produce ergosterol dependent growth/erg9 knockout mutation yeast cell lines. The resulting yeast are well suited for use in the production of terpenes.

Provided are a recombinant strain for preparing a terpenoid, and method for constructing the recombinant strain. Also provided is a recombinant bacterium 1, the recombinant bacterium 1 being a recombinant bacterium obtained in order to improve the enzymatic activity of α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase in escherichia coli or the mutant thereof. The method for improving the enzymatic activity of α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase in escherichia coli or the mutant thereof is replacing the original regulating element of the ketoglutarate dehydrogenase gene (sucAB) in escherichia coli or the mutant thereof with any of the following regulating elements: artificial regulating element M1-46, M1-37, and M1-93. Also provided are a plurality of recombinant bacteria. By improving the enzymatic activity of α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase, succinic acid dehydrogenase and transaldolase therein and improving the ability of a cell to synthesize NADPH and ATP, the efficiency of the MEP pathway and the production capacity of terpenoid are improved.

A plant activator composition increases the concentration of terpenes a terpinoids in aromatic plant oils, and hence resulting in an increased concentration of terpene and terpinoids in the harvested dried plant or fruit. The composition contains one of more bio-active compounds that are optionally extracted from plants selected from one or more of the group consisting of mango, citrus (including grapefruit), Catharanthus roseus and Pelargonium odoratissimum, but alternatively may include one or more synthetic compounds selected from the group consisting of geranyl acetate, geraniol, beta-sitosterol, alpha-amyrin, beta amyrin, carotenoid, geranyl acetate, alpha-humulene, mevalonate kinase and geranyl. Depending on the type of plant being treated, the formulation is added during watering and feeding in optimum doses during the vegetative growth, flowering, and fruit set and/or swell stages.

The present invention provides genetically modified eukaryotic host cells that produce isoprenoid precursors or isoprenoid compounds. A subject genetically modified host cell comprises increased activity levels of one or more of mevalonate pathway enzymes, increased levels of prenyltransferase activity, and decreased levels of squalene synthase activity. Methods are provided for the production of an isoprenoid compound or an isoprenoid precursor in a subject genetically modified eukaryotic host cell. The methods generally involve culturing a subject genetically modified host cell under conditions that promote production of high levels of an isoprenoid or isoprenoid precursor compound.

A system and method for producing bio-organic compounds may include a vessel, a first phase comprising an aqueous medium including host cells capable of producing a bio-organic compound, where the bio-organic compound comprises a second phase in contact with the aqueous medium.

The present invention relates to the field of plant molecular biology. More particularly, the present invention relates to the isolation of nucleic acids encoding terpene synthases (TPSs), including a novel, multifunctional TPS identified herein as CoTPS2.

Producing an isoprenoid compound by: 1) culturing an isoprenoid compound-forming microorganism in the presence of a growth promoting agent at a sufficient concentration to grow the isoprenoid compound-forming microorganism; 2) decreasing a concentration of the growth promoting agent to induce formation of the isoprenoid compound by the isoprenoid compound-forming microorganism; and 3) culturing the isoprenoid compound-forming microorganism to form the isoprenoid compound, is characterized in that the growth phase of the isoprenoid compound-forming microorganism is separated from the formation phase of the isoprenoid compound.