The invention relates to a device for treating, by heat tempering, a metal element (1) of the tube or bar type having arched portions. The device includes heat treatment means having an induction coil (23) and a sprinkler ring (26). According to the invention, this device includes means (2) for holding the metal element (1) that is composed of a clip (2) arranged so as to clamp around an end portion, referred to as the top, of the metal element and to keep the metal element freely suspended under said clip. The device also includes multi-axis robots (24, 28) suitable for moving the induction coil (23) and the sprinkler ring (26) simultaneously along the metal element (1) starting from an end portion, referred to as the bottom, of the metal element that is opposite the top portion thereof.

A system and method of fabricating a percussion tool that includes one or more surfaces modified using the ferritic nitrocarburization process. The percussion tool includes a piston positioned in sliding contact within a casing. The piston includes an inner wall and an outer wall, where the inner wall defines a passageway extending longitudinally therethrough. The outer wall is positioned in close fitting relationship with an internal surface of the casing. One or more surfaces of at least one of the casing's internal surface and/or the piston's outer wall are modified using the ferritic nitrocarburization process.

An apparatus for manufacturing a rack bar includes a pre-forming machine forming a flattened portion on an outer peripheral surface of a hollow shaft member, a teeth forming machine forming rack teeth on the flattened portion, a heat treatment machine quenching the rack teeth, a first conveying machine carrying the shaft member into and from the pre-forming machine, a second conveying machine carrying the shaft member into and from the teeth forming machine, and a third conveying machine carrying the shaft member into and from the heat treatment machine. The first conveying machine, the second conveying machine, and the third conveying machine hold one end of the shaft member from a radially inner side of the shaft member. The apparatus of the rack bar are suitable for manufacturing a relatively short hollow rack bar having rack teeth formed over substantially an entire length of a shaft member.

A quenching apparatus for a metal sheet, continuous annealing equipment, a method for quenching a metal sheet, a method for manufacturing a cold rolled steel sheet, and a method for manufacturing a coated steel sheet. The quenching apparatus has a water tank in which the metal sheet is passed and immersed in a liquid to cool the metal sheet, a water injection apparatus placed in the water tank, and plural restraining roll pairs with which the metal sheet that is passed in the water tank is restrained. The water injection apparatus has plural water injection nozzles arranged in a sheet passing direction of the metal sheet on front and back surface sides of the metal sheet. A position of each of the plural restraining roll pairs is separately adjusted with respect to the metal sheet in accordance with operation conditions.

At a treatment time, a treatment device is intended to act, at least substantially in the thickness direction, on a planar, hot item of metal rolling stock. At least for a period before the treatment time, the development over time of a thermal state (Z) of the rolling stock is modelled by means of a model of the rolling stock by iteratively solving at least one thermal conductivity equation. The treatment device is controlled on the basis of the particular thermal state (Z) determined by the model for the rolling stock for the treatment time.

At a treatment time, a treatment device is intended to act, at least substantially in the thickness direction, on a planar, hot item of metal rolling stock. At least for a period before the treatment time, the development over time of a thermal state (Z) of the rolling stock is modelled by means of a model of the rolling stock by iteratively solving at least one thermal conductivity equation. The treatment device is controlled on the basis of the particular thermal state (Z) determined by the model for the rolling stock for the treatment time.

A tool accessory includes a drive portion configured to be engaged by an output shaft of a tool. The drive portion has a first hardness. The tool accessory further includes a tip configured to engage a workpiece. The tip has a second hardness different than the first hardness. The tool accessory further includes a shank interconnecting the drive portion and the tip. The shank has a third hardness different than the first hardness and different than the second hardness. The third hardness is between the first hardness and the second hardness, and the drive portion, the shank, and the tip are formed as a unitary body from a common material.

Systems and methods for additive layer manufacturing of metallic components, such as rocket engines and propellant supply systems, are provided. Methods include melting the surface of a work piece to form a weld pool; adding wire to the weld pool and moving a heat source relative to the work piece to progressively form a new layer of metallic material on the work piece; cooling the formed layer; stress relieving (e.g., peening) the cooled layer; applying a secondary operations either sequentially or simultaneously; and repeating the above steps as required to form components layer by layer. Systems and methods of supplying a first propellant to the rocket engine of a launch vehicle are also provided, where the first propellant is supplied through a heat exchanger for generating mechanical energy to pump the first propellant into the rocket engine, and electrical energy to pump a second propellant into the rocket engine.

In one example, a method for forming an environmental barrier coating (EBC), thermal barrier coating (TBC), and/or abradable coating on a substrate. The method may include depositing a coating on a substrate to form an as-deposited coating, wherein the coating includes at least one of a TBC layer, an EBC layer, or an abradable coating layer; and heat treating the as-deposited coating at or above a first temperature for a first period of time following the deposition of the as-deposited coating on the substrate, wherein heat treating the as-deposited coating includes heating the as-deposited coating to or above the first temperature at a controlled heating rate, and wherein the controlled heating rate is selected such that the heat treated coating exhibits a compressive residual stress state upon cooling.

Disclosed in the present specification are steel and a steel wire, which are for a spring, and manufacturing methods therefor, the steel and the steel wire having excellent resistance to permanent deformation by having increased in-material dislocation density or reduced average grain diameter. The steel wire for a spring, having excellent resistance to permanent deformation, according to one embodiment of the present invention, comprises, by wt %, 0.4-0.7% of C, 1.2-2.3% of Si, 0.2-0.8% of Mn, 0.2-0.8% of Cr, and the balance of Fe (iron) and other inevitable impurities, wherein the dislocation density thereof can be 1.16?10.sup.15/m.sup.2 or more, and the average grain diameter thereof can be 8.4 ?m or less.