A method of enlarging the space beneath a masonry arch bridge which includes a masonry arch and a spandrel wall at each end of the masonry arch includes forming a movable portion of the masonry arch bridge by cutting the spandrel walls to form a cut on each side of the masonry arch. A lifting force is applied to the masonry arch to raise the masonry arch to a raised position. The masonry arch is then secured in the raised position.

A method of enlarging the space beneath a masonry arch bridge which includes a masonry arch and a spandrel wall at each end of the masonry arch includes forming a movable portion of the masonry arch bridge by cutting the spandrel walls to form a cut on each side of the masonry arch. A lifting force is applied to the masonry arch to raise the masonry arch to a raised position. The masonry arch is then secured in the raised position.

A formwork for constructing an arched structure comprises a first end panel and a second end panel. A plurality of longitudinal members extends between the first end panel and the second end panel. The longitudinal members are arranged in an arched formation and the longitudinal members slope between the first end panel and the second end panel. The formwork may have rollers disposed along lengths of the longitudinal members.

A formwork for constructing an arched structure comprises a first end panel and a second end panel. A plurality of longitudinal members extends between the first end panel and the second end panel. The longitudinal members are arranged in an arched formation and the longitudinal members slope between the first end panel and the second end panel. The formwork may have rollers disposed along lengths of the longitudinal members.

A method of producing a precast concrete bridge and headwall assembly including casting a reinforced concrete bridge unit having a top wall connecting opposite side walls; positioning the bridge unit with a first side supported by a horizontal casting surface, wherein the top wall is positioned adjacent a framing unit for the headwall; forming a precast concrete headwall on the casting surface adjacent the top wall with a series of earth anchors at laterally spaced intervals along the top wall between the side walls, each earth anchor formed with: a) a body member extending outward from the headwall to the top wall; and b) a foot member extending laterally outward from the body member engaged on the top wall and including an upper surface generally parallel to the top wall; and removing the headwall and earth anchors as a unit from the bridge unit.

A method of producing a precast concrete bridge and headwall assembly including casting a reinforced concrete bridge unit having a top wall connecting opposite side walls; positioning the bridge unit with a first side supported by a horizontal casting surface, wherein the top wall is positioned adjacent a framing unit for the headwall; forming a precast concrete headwall on the casting surface adjacent the top wall with a series of earth anchors at laterally spaced intervals along the top wall between the side walls, each earth anchor formed with: a) a body member extending outward from the headwall to the top wall; and b) a foot member extending laterally outward from the body member engaged on the top wall and including an upper surface generally parallel to the top wall; and removing the headwall and earth anchors as a unit from the bridge unit.

A formwork for constructing an arched structure comprises a first end panel and a second end panel. A plurality of longitudinal members extends between the first end panel and the second end panel. The longitudinal members are arranged in an arched formation and the longitudinal members slope between the first end panel and the second end panel. The formwork may have rollers disposed along lengths of the longitudinal members.

A formwork for constructing an arched structure comprises a first end panel and a second end panel. A plurality of longitudinal members extends between the first end panel and the second end panel. The longitudinal members are arranged in an arched formation and the longitudinal members slope between the first end panel and the second end panel. The formwork may have rollers disposed along lengths of the longitudinal members.

An adjustable structural connection can be used to join steel structural elements at a range of angles and is capable of adjusting in situ to accommodate additional angles or tolerances through cold bending. Pre-bent plate or plates may be loosely fitted around steel structural elements, such that holes in the plates align with holes of the steel structural elements. Placing bolts through the aligned holes and tightening those bolts can be used to cold bend the plate or plates and conform the angle of the pre-bent plates to a different angle defined by an apex joint of two steel structural elements. Specific tightening procedures may be employed.

An adjustable structural connection can be used to join steel structural elements at a range of angles and is capable of adjusting in situ to accommodate additional angles or tolerances through cold bending. Pre-bent plate or plates may be loosely fitted around steel structural elements, such that holes in the plates align with holes of the steel structural elements. Placing bolts through the aligned holes and tightening those bolts can be used to cold bend the plate or plates and conform the angle of the pre-bent plates to a different angle defined by an apex joint of two steel structural elements. Specific tightening procedures may be employed.