An exhaust system for an internal combustion engine, the exhaust system comprising, a lean NO.sub.x trap, a NO.sub.x storage and reduction zone on a wall flow monolithic substrate having a pre-coated porosity of 50% or greater, the NO.sub.x storage and reduction zone comprising a platinum group metal loaded on one or more first support, the or each first support comprising one or more alkaline earth metal compound, and a selective catalytic reduction zone on a monolithic substrate, the selective catalytic reduction zone comprising copper or iron loaded on a second support, the second support comprising a molecular sieve.

A catalytic converter includes a catalyst. The catalyst includes a support, platinum group metal (PGM) particles dispersed on the support, and a barrier formed on the support. The barrier is disposed between a first set of the PGM particles and a second set of the PGM particles to suppress aging of the PGM particles.

An example of a catalytic converter includes a catalyst to improve low temperature oxidation of carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrocarbons. The catalyst includes a support, which includes a porous alumina structure and a rare earth metal oxide promoter impregnated into pores of the porous alumina structure. The rare earth metal oxide promoter is selected from the group consisting of CeO.sub.2 and CeO.sub.2ZrO.sub.2. A platinum group metal (PGM) is bonded to the support.

The present invention is directed to the purification of exhaust gases of an internal combustion engine operated predominantly with a stoichiometric fuel mixture. The exhaust system has in particular 4 purification functions in a particular order. A three-way catalyst (TWC1) near the engine is followed by a gasoline particle filter (GPF) and another three-way catalyst (TWC2) downstream thereof. The system additionally has a nitrogen oxide storage function.

A catalyst 20 provided for a filter body for combusting PM contains activated aluminas 21 and 22, active-oxygen-release materials 23 and 24, catalytic metal 25, and alkali earth metal 26. The alkali earth metal 26 is loaded on each of the activated aluminas 21 and 22, and the active-oxygen-release materials 23 and 24. A percentage by mass of the alkali earth metal 26, loaded on the active-oxygen-release materials 23 and 24, to the active-oxygen-release material is smaller than a percentage by mass of the alkali earth metal 26, loaded on the activated aluminas 21 and 22, to the activated alumina.

A diesel soot filter includes a substrate having a surface disposed at least partially within a fluid path of the diesel soot filter. A glass catalyst is disposed on the surface of the substrate such that an exhaust gas contacts at least a portion of a surface of the glass catalyst as the exhaust gas moves within the diesel soot filter. The glass catalyst comprises a plurality of alkali metal ions disposed within the glass catalyst and releasable to the surface of the glass catalyst at a controlled rate and the alkali metal ions combust with the soot as the exhaust gas travels along the fluid path. An oxide basis of the glass catalyst comprises Silicon (Si), Potassium (K), Cesium (Ce), and Zirconium (Zr)

A handheld work apparatus includes a combustion engine and an exhaust muffler. A first muffler chamber and a second muffler chamber are formed in the exhaust muffler. The exhaust muffler includes an exhaust gas after-treatment unit which includes at least one through-flow unit. The through-flow unit is disposed in a flow path from the first muffler chamber into the second muffler chamber. The thickness of the through-flow unit measured from an upstream end face to a downstream end face of the through-flow unit in the region of the through-flow unit passed through by a flow of exhaust gas is at least 10 mm across at least 70% of the cross section. The exhaust gas after-treatment unit does not have a catalytically effective coating.

In an exhaust gas treatment system, a cooling tower cools an exhaust gas containing carbon dioxide. In an absorption tower, an amine-based absorbing liquid capable of absorbing the carbon dioxide in the exhaust gas is introduced and the carbon dioxide in the exhaust gas passing through the cooling tower is absorbed by the amine-based absorbing liquid. A regeneration tower heats the amine-based absorbing liquid absorbing the carbon dioxide, separates the carbon dioxide from the amine-based absorbing liquid, and regenerates the amine-based absorbing liquid. An addition unit adds an additive for adjusting a hydroxide ion concentration of the cooling liquid to the cooling liquid. A state detection unit detects a state of the amine-based absorbing liquid. A control apparatus adjusts an amount of addition of the additive in the addition unit based on a state of the amine-based absorbing liquid detected by the state detection unit.