The present disclosure provides an article. The article includes an adhesive layer with two opposing surfaces. The adhesive layer includes (i) a functionalized ethylene-based polymer having a melt index from 0.1 g/10 min to 300 g/10 min; (ii) from 0.01 wt % to 45 wt % of a functionalized hydrocarbon; (iii) a tackifier; and (iv) optionally, a crosslinking agent.

A method for starting an internal combustion engine (ICE) having a crankshaft and an electric turning machine (ETM) operatively connected to the crankshaft comprises energizing an absolute position sensor adapted for providing an indication of an angular position of a rotor of the ETM and applying a current to the ETM to generate a sufficient torque to rotate the crankshaft.

An internal combustion engine (ICE) includes a crankshaft, a cylinder head defining in part a variable combustion chamber of the ICE, a direct fuel injector mounted on the cylinder head, a power source, an electric turning machine (ETM) rotating the crankshaft, an absolute position sensor providing an indication of an angular position of a rotor of the ETM, and an engine control unit (ECU) operatively connected to the absolute position sensor. The ECU controls a delivery of electric power from the power source to the ETM based on the angular position of the rotor of the ETM and causes the direct fuel injector to inject fuel directly in the combustion chamber at a time selected based on the angular position reached by the rotor of the ETM.

A method for controlling delivery of electric power between a power source and an electric turning machine (ETM) comprises applying a start signal to a start-up power electronic switch to cause turning on of the start-up power electronic switch and to allow delivery of electric power from the power source to the ETM via the start-up power electronic switch. A recharge signal is applied to a run-time power electronic switch to cause turning on of the run-time power electronic switch for delivery of electric power from the ETM to the power source via the run-time power electronic switch. A circuit comprises a discharging circuit including the start-up power electronic switch for delivering the electric power when the start-up power electronic switch is turned on. A charging circuit includes the run-time power electronic switch for delivering the electric power when the run-time power electronic switch is turned on.

A powertrain includes an engine and a transmission. A vehicle includes a body structure and the powertrain supported by the body structure. The powertrain is configured to propel the body structure. The engine includes an output shaft, and the transmission includes an input member. The powertrain further includes a torque converter operable between the output shaft and the input member. The torque converter includes a pump and a turbine. The powertrain also includes a motor-generator operable as a motor and a generator. The input member of the transmission is connected to the turbine such that torque from the torque converter is transferrable to the input member. The input member of the transmission is coupled to the motor-generator such that torque is transferred between the input member and the motor-generator.

Embodiments for a hybrid drive are provided. In one example, a hybrid module for arrangement on an internal combustion engine, which is configured for starting the internal combustion engine, includes an electric motor, for generating a torque, and an output element connected in a torque-transmitting manner to the electric motor and positioned on an output axle, for transmission of the torque to a crankshaft of the internal combustion engine. According to the disclosure, the hybrid module has a magnetic transmission, wherein the torque of the electric motor is transmitted via the magnetic transmission to the output element.

Systems and methods for operating a hybrid powertrain or driveline that includes an engine and an integrated starter/generator are described. In one example, the integrated starter/generator may crank the engine via a pinion gear during a first engine start. The integrated starter/generator may crank the engine via a belt during a second engine start.

A drive device for adjusting a cover element of a vehicle, for use in a window lift apparatus, including a gearing element rotatable about a rotation axis and a motor unit which has an input shaft rotatable about a shaft axis for driving the gearing element. The shaft axis of the input shaft is oriented at an oblique angle to the rotation axis of the gearing element.

A drive device for adjusting a cover element of a vehicle, for use in a window lift apparatus, including a gearing element rotatable about a rotation axis and a motor unit which has an input shaft rotatable about a shaft axis for driving the gearing element. The shaft axis of the input shaft is oriented at an oblique angle to the rotation axis of the gearing element.

The chain stretch detection device is configured to detect a stretch of a chain in a power transmission device. The power transmission device includes: a driving sprocket; a driven sprocket; and a chain, which is wound around the driving sprocket and the driven sprocket, and is configured to transmit power of the driving sprocket to the driven sprocket. The chain stretch detection device includes: a meshing height measurement device configured to measure meshing heights of the chain in a range in which the driven sprocket meshes with and the chain; and a signal processing device configured to determine a height difference between adjacent rollers in the chain through use of signals acquired by the meshing height measurement device and estimate an amount of the stretch of the chain based on the determined height difference.