An apparatus for treating the substrate includes a process chamber having a first body and a second body which are combined with each other to have a treating space in which a substrate is treated, and a friction prevention member placed on a contact surface between the first body and the second body. The friction prevention member may have a groove formed at a surface corresponding to the contact surface. An adhesive for adhering the friction prevention member to the first body or adhering the friction prevention member to the second body may be provided in the groove. The groove may form an open-end pattern in which a first end of the open-end pattern is adjacent to a second end of the open-end pattern.

Formation of low-crystallinity phytosterol nanoparticles via cooling-controlled supercritical carbon dioxide (SC—CO.sub.2) impregnation of phytosterols into biodegradable nanoporous starch aerogels and methods of preparing these aerogels are disclosed. The nanoporous starch aerogels increase water dissolution and bioaccessibility of the phytosterols, thereby making them available for preparation of high nutraceutical value foods.

An apparatus is provided for feeding slurry to a recycling or slurry treatment process at an elevated location. The apparatus includes a reception hopper for receiving the slurry from a transport vehicle, and a bucket elevator for conveying the slurry from a loading zone, in communication with the reception hopper, to a discharge zone at an elevated location. The reception hopper includes a trough having parallel side walls and a bottom wall. The loading zone of the bucket elevator communicates with a first end of the trough, the trough including a movable wall extending perpendicular to the side walls of the reception hopper and being movable towards the first end of the trough to urge slurry towards the loading zone of the bucket elevator.

In a substrate processing apparatus in which a substrate is transported into multiple chambers by using multiple transport mechanisms, while a first transport unit is responsible for the transport of the substrate into the first chamber and the transport of the substrate out from the second chamber, the second transport unit is responsible for the transfer of the substrate from the first chamber to the second chamber. With respect to a transfer zone which is a transport route of the substrate from the first chamber to the second chamber, the first transport unit is arranged above and the second transport unit is arranged below. Since entry into the transfer zone is exclusively allowed, the two transport units can operate individually while avoiding mutual interference.

The composition for drying an uneven pattern of the present invention includes a sublimable substance, and a solvent whose boiling point at 1 atm is lower than a boiling point or a sublimation point of the sublimable substance by 5° C. or more and whose boiling point at 1 atm is 75° C. or lower.

An upper surface of a substrate is supplied with a pre-drying processing liquid which is a solution of a sublimable substance and a solvent. Thereafter, the solvent is evaporated from the pre-drying processing liquid on the substrate and a solid of the sublimable substance is precipitated in the pre-drying processing liquid on the substrate. Thereafter, at least a portion of the solid of the sublimable substance is dissolved in the pre-drying processing liquid on the substrate. Thereafter, the solvent is evaporated from the pre-drying processing liquid in which the solid of the sublimable substance has been dissolved and the solid of the sublimable substance is precipitated onto the substrate. Thereafter, the solid of the sublimable substance is sublimated and removed from the upper surface of the substrate.

A method for treating a substrate, including a solvent processing step of supplying an organic solvent onto the substrate to treat the substrate, a drying step of drying the substrate to remove the organic solvent on the substrate, and a bake step of heating the substrate to thermally decompose an impurity adhering to the substrate, where the drying step and the bake step are performed in different chambers.

Methods and systems for treating tailings at an elevated pH using lime are disclosed herein. In some embodiments, the method comprises (i) providing a tailings stream comprising bicarbonates and a pH less than 9.0, (ii) adding a coagulant comprising calcium hydroxide to the tailings stream to form a mixture having a pH of at least 11.5 and a soluble calcium level no more than 800 mg/L, and (iii) dewatering the mixture to produce a product having a solids content of at least 40% by weight. In some embodiments, the pH and soluble calcium level of the mixture cause chemical modification of clay materials of the mixture via pozzolanic reactions. In some embodiments, the undrained shear strength of the product increases over a period of time of at least two days.

A laundry treating apparatus is disclosed. The laundry treating apparatus includes a cabinet configured to define a receiving space for receiving laundry, the cabinet having an open surface, a door hingedly provided at the cabinet for opening and closing the open surface of the cabinet, a laundry support unit provided in the receiving space for supporting laundry, and a machinery compartment provided in the cabinet for defining a space that is separate from the receiving space, the machinery compartment being provided therein with an air supply unit for dehumidifying or heating air in the receiving space and supplying the dehumidified or heated air into the receiving space. The air supply unit dehumidifies air in a room that communicates with the receiving space in the state in which the door is open.

A spray drum system includes a drum drying device and a spray device. The spray device is configured to spray solid particles on the drum drying device. The spray device includes a feeding hopper, a vibrator, a pneumatic conveyor and a high-pressure air source. The feeding hopper is configured to accommodate the solid particles. The vibrator is connected with an output port of the feeding hopper and configured to vibrate the feeding hopper and output the solid particles and control an output rate of the solid particles. The pneumatic conveyor is configured to receive the solid particles output from the vibrator and spray over the drum drying device. The high-pressure air source is connected with the pneumatic conveyor and configured to supply a gas driving force required to transport and spray the solid particles.