An experimental system for simulating creep and stick-slip dislocations of a fault in a tunnel structure includes a box structure, a supporting device and a fault dislocation loading system. A friction effect layer, a first surrounding rock layer, a tunnel structure model, a second surrounding rock layer and an overburden pressure layer are sequentially arranged in the box structure from bottom to top. The bottom of the box structure is provided with a through hole. A plate assembly is provided on the through hole, and includes a first guide plate, a second guide plate and a loading plate. Inner sides of the first guide plate and the second guide plate are respectively provided with a first slide rail and a second slide rail. The loading plate moves along the first slide rail and the second slide rail under the action of the fault dislocation loading system.

An apparatus for testing paving samples includes a base that includes a paving sample tray about the cabinet and configured for translation relative to the cabinet. A roller is configured for imparting compressive forces to a sample carried by the sample tray. An arm is configured for moving the roller from a stowed position to an in-use position where the roller contacts the sample. A cylinder assembly having a piston therein supplies pressure forces to the arm to move the arm from the stowed position to the in-use position, wherein a depth of travel of the arm is limited by the sample. As the sample is compressed, the depth of travel increases. A measurement device is in communication with the cylinder for determining an amount of travel of the arm to thus determine an amount of compression of the sample.

A method of analysis using mass spectrometry and/or ion mobility spectrometry is disclosed. The method comprises: using a first device to generate smoke, aerosol or vapour from a target comprising or consisting of a microbial population; mass analysing and/or ion mobility analysing said smoke, aerosol or vapour, or ions derived therefrom, in order to obtain spectrometric data; and analysing said spectrometric data in order to analyse said microbial population.

A method of analysis using mass spectrometry and/or ion mobility spectrometry is disclosed. The method comprises: using a first device to generate smoke, aerosol or vapour from a target comprising or consisting of a microbial population; mass analysing and/or ion mobility analysing said smoke, aerosol or vapour, or ions derived therefrom, in order to obtain spectrometric data; and analysing said spectrometric data in order to analyse said microbial population.

The present application discloses a grouting consolidation sample containing internal defects and the preparation method thereof. Firstly, plasticine is employed to prepare a wax model with the desired defect shape, then a fixing device is used to fix the wax model onto a specific position in a casting mould of consolidation and thereafter a slurry is poured to form a grouting consolidation sample, after the grouting consolidation sample reaches the predetermined strength, the grouting consolidation sample containing the wax model is put into an oven to heat at a temperature above the melting point of wax to demolish the structure of the wax model to form a grouting consolidation sample with internal defects.

The ethylene sensor is formed from a substrate with a gold thin film layer formed thereon. The substrate may be formed from soda-lime glass with a thickness of approximately 1.0 mm. Correspondingly, the gold layer may have a thickness of approximately 200 nm. The gold layer is divided into first and second regions or electrodes by a variable impedance channel containing K.sub.0.003Au.sub.0.008Mg.sub.0.009Ca.sub.0.015Si.sub.0.11Na.sub.0.175O.sub.0.68 as an ethylene selective material. The channel may be configured such that first and second sets of interdigitated gold fingers are defined in the first and second regions or electrodes, respectively. An ohmmeter is connected to the first and second regions to measure a resistance therebetween. A reference resistance is initially measured that is indicative of an absence of ethylene. Subsequent measurements of the resistance are compared against this reference resistance, with variations in the measured resistance indicating the presence of ethylene.

The ethylene sensor is formed from a substrate with a gold thin film layer formed thereon. The substrate may be formed from soda-lime glass with a thickness of approximately 1.0 mm. Correspondingly, the gold layer may have a thickness of approximately 200 nm. The gold layer is divided into first and second regions or electrodes by a variable impedance channel containing K.sub.0.003Au.sub.0.008Mg.sub.0.009Ca.sub.0.015Si.sub.0.11Na.sub.0.175O.sub.0.68 as an ethylene selective material. The channel may be configured such that first and second sets of interdigitated gold fingers are defined in the first and second regions or electrodes, respectively. An ohmmeter is connected to the first and second regions to measure a resistance therebetween. A reference resistance is initially measured that is indicative of an absence of ethylene. Subsequent measurements of the resistance are compared against this reference resistance, with variations in the measured resistance indicating the presence of ethylene.

The present invention relates, in part, to systems for characterizing force (e.g., friction, wear, and/or torque). In one embodiment, the system allows for wear testing of samples in a high throughput manner. In another embodiment, the system allows for torque sensing in a non-contact manner.

A method for screening an optical fiber core including a resin coating layer, includes: a pre-strain applying step of adding a tensile force while feeding a portion of the optical fiber core retained at both ends of the portion, and applying a pre-tensile strain larger than zero and smaller than a guaranteed tensile strain set as a guaranteed value; a guaranteed strain applying step of adding a tensile force while feeding the portion of the optical fiber core retained at both ends of the portion and applied with the pre-tensile strain, and applying the guaranteed tensile strain only for a predetermined time; and a guaranteed strain releasing step of releasing the optical fiber core from the guaranteed tensile strain.

Coal rock three-dimensional strain field visual system and method are provided under a complex geological structure. The system includes a stress condition simulation system and a strain monitoring system. The stress condition simulation system includes a similar simulation experiment rack, a loading system and a circular slideway. The method includes preparing a 3D printing wire, printing a strain visual similar model, simulating a stratum dip angle and a gas-containing condition, applying stress fields, recording a cracking and dyeing condition of microcapsules inside the model, and the like. The system can realize tracing the generation and development of internal cracks in simulation models with complex geological conditions, and tracing the three-dimensional movement of internal ink dots to draw four-dimensional images of displacement fields.