A utility metering device includes a housing positioned in communication with a utility distribution system. A utility sensor unit is configured to measure at least one parameter of the utility distribution system to obtain utility system data. A gas sensor unit is in communication with an external environment outside of the housing and configured to obtain gas data related to the air quality of the external environment. One or more processors are in communication with the utility sensor unit and the gas sensor unit. A memory unit is in communication with the one or more processors. A communication unit is configured to send and receive data over a network. A sensing system can be created using a plurality of meters to detect environmental conditions.

A utility metering device includes a housing positioned in communication with a utility distribution system. A utility sensor unit is configured to measure at least one parameter of the utility distribution system to obtain utility system data. A gas sensor unit is in communication with an external environment outside of the housing and configured to obtain gas data related to the air quality of the external environment. One or more processors are in communication with the utility sensor unit and the gas sensor unit. A memory unit is in communication with the one or more processors. A communication unit is configured to send and receive data over a network. A sensing system can be created using a plurality of meters to detect environmental conditions.

A dynamic impedance system deployable on a current transformer having a core and at least one winding element is provided. The dynamic impedance system includes a voltage reference module and a dynamic impedance module operably connected to one another. The voltage reference module defines a voltage threshold for regulating an output voltage of the current transformer. The dynamic impedance module regulates the output voltage based on the voltage threshold defined by the voltage reference module to maintain flux induced in the current transformer, thereby avoiding core saturation of the current transformer and enhancing accuracy of measurements.

A probe card includes a substrate module having an installation hole and a first stair-shaped structure provided on two stairs thereof with a first connection surface and a first transmission surface having a first contact pad, a probe module having a probe and a second stair-shaped structure provided on two stairs thereof with a second connection surface and a second transmission surface having a second contact pad electrically connected with the probe, and a pressing member. The probe module is disposed in the installation hole so that the first and second connection surfaces are connected and the first and second transmission surfaces are opposite. The pressing member is detachably pressed on the probe module to press the second connection surface against the first connection surface and make the first and second contact pads electrically connected.

A probe card includes a substrate module having an installation hole and a first stair-shaped structure provided on two stairs thereof with a first connection surface and a first transmission surface having a first contact pad, a probe module having a probe and a second stair-shaped structure provided on two stairs thereof with a second connection surface and a second transmission surface having a second contact pad electrically connected with the probe, and a pressing member. The probe module is disposed in the installation hole so that the first and second connection surfaces are connected and the first and second transmission surfaces are opposite. The pressing member is detachably pressed on the probe module to press the second connection surface against the first connection surface and make the first and second contact pads electrically connected.

A system for high-speed molecular diagnostics includes a self-resetting continuous-time integrator configured to integrate an input current on one of a plurality of integration capacitors to generate an integrated voltage. A self-resetting continuous-time differentiator is configured to differentiate the integrated voltage on one of a plurality of differentiating capacitors to generate an output voltage proportional to the input current. A fixed-threshold window comparator is configured to reset one of the plurality of integration capacitors, reset one of the plurality of differentiating capacitors, open a second one of the plurality of integration capacitors and open a second one of the plurality of differentiating capacitors in response to the integrated voltage exceeding a voltage range.

A method for measuring a power-on reset time includes: detecting a power supply pin voltage of a chip, and recording a time point at which the power supply pin voltage reaches a preset voltage as a first time point; detecting an output signal of a preset pin of the chip, and recording a time point at which the preset pin completes a pulse output for a first time after the chip is powered on, as a second time point, and recording a time point the preset pin completes a pulse output for a second time, as a third time point; wherein widths of the pulse output for the first time and for the second time are the same; and computing the power-on reset time of the chip according to the first time point, the second time point and the third time point.

A backup battery charging system for a building management system is disclosed. Components of the charging system include an analog power converter, a voltage feedback loop and a current feedback loop. The feedback loops each include at least one digital resistor. The system panel, in turn, includes at least one microcontroller that controls the building management system and also controls the charging system. The charging system is software defined, in that the microcontroller controls the charging system by updating the digital resistors in the feedback loops to control the analog power converter. In one example, the building management system is a fire alarm system controlled by a fire control panel as the system panel.

A backup battery charging system for a building management system is disclosed. Components of the charging system include an analog power converter, a voltage feedback loop and a current feedback loop. The feedback loops each include at least one digital resistor. The system panel, in turn, includes at least one microcontroller that controls the building management system and also controls the charging system. The charging system is software defined, in that the microcontroller controls the charging system by updating the digital resistors in the feedback loops to control the analog power converter. In one example, the building management system is a fire alarm system controlled by a fire control panel as the system panel.

The present disclosure presents techniques to facilitate improving operation of an electrical system, which includes a bus structure that cascades multiple electrical devices. The bus structure includes a first outer conductive layer implemented as a positive layer; a second outer conductive layer implemented as a negative layer; a first intermediate conductive layer neighboring the first outer conductive layer; a second intermediate conductive layer neighboring the second outer conductive layer; and a third intermediate conductive layer neighboring the second intermediate conductive layer, in which the third intermediate conductive layer is implemented as an inter-device layer that facilitates electrically coupling at least two of the electrical devices in series. The first intermediate conductive layer is implemented as a negative layer and the second intermediate conductive layer is implemented as a positive layer to facilitate reducing stray inductance and/or increasing stray capacitance introduced in the electrical system during operation.