A conductivity cell system includes a flow tube having a flow through hole extending from a first end of the flow tube to a second end of the flow tube, a plurality of electrodes positioned in the flow tube, and circuitry connected to the plurality of electrodes. The plurality of electrodes form pairs of electrodes, each pair consisting of two electrodes positioned across the flow tube from each other and being connected together.

A tomography system for determining properties of flowing multiphase fluid, comprising a duct having a duct wall and interior space within the duct wall for carrying a flow of the multiphase fluid and a plurality of sensors, which are electrodes or coils, at positions distributed around the duct wall on a planar cross section through the duct, wherein the sensors (electrodes or coils) are used for making a plurality of measurements of electrical or magnetic properties through the duct wall and the multiphase fluid; and a processor is used to receive measurement data from the sensors and to compute from the measured properties to derive quantitative values of at least one property selected from permittivity, conductivity, magnetic permeability and complex-conductivity of the multiphase fluid independent of effects external to the fluid flow, such as effects of the duct walls and the geometry of the positioning of the sensors (electrodes or coils).

A tomography system for determining properties of flowing multiphase fluid, comprising a duct having a duct wall and interior space within the duct wall for carrying a flow of the multiphase fluid and a plurality of sensors, which are electrodes or coils, at positions distributed around the duct wall on a planar cross section through the duct, wherein the sensors (electrodes or coils) are used for making a plurality of measurements of electrical or magnetic properties through the duct wall and the multiphase fluid; and a processor is used to receive measurement data from the sensors and to compute from the measured properties to derive quantitative values of at least one property selected from permittivity, conductivity, magnetic permeability and complex-conductivity of the multiphase fluid independent of effects external to the fluid flow, such as effects of the duct walls and the geometry of the positioning of the sensors (electrodes or coils).

Embodiments of synchronous detection circuits and methods are provided for extracting magnitude and phase information from a waveform. One embodiment of a synchronous detection circuit includes a driver circuit, an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) and a controller. The driver circuit is configured to supply an input waveform at an input frequency to a load. The ADC is coupled to receive an output waveform from the load, and configured for generating four digital samples, each spaced 90 apart, for every period of the output waveform. The controller is configured for setting an oversampling rate (OSR) of the ADC, so that the ADC generates an integer number, M, of sub-samples for each digital sample generated by the ADC, where the integer number, M, of sub-samples is inversely proportional to the input frequency of the input waveform. The controller is further configured to use the digital samples generated by the ADC to extract magnitude and phase information from the output waveform.

Embodiments of synchronous detection circuits and methods are provided for extracting magnitude and phase information from a waveform. One embodiment of a synchronous detection circuit includes a driver circuit, an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) and a controller. The driver circuit is configured to supply an input waveform at an input frequency to a load. The ADC is coupled to receive an output waveform from the load, and configured for generating four digital samples, each spaced 90 apart, for every period of the output waveform. The controller is configured for setting an oversampling rate (OSR) of the ADC, so that the ADC generates an integer number, M, of sub-samples for each digital sample generated by the ADC, where the integer number, M, of sub-samples is inversely proportional to the input frequency of the input waveform. The controller is further configured to use the digital samples generated by the ADC to extract magnitude and phase information from the output waveform.

A system for dielectric testing of wine in a bottle includes (a) a coaxial probe for interrogating the wine, wherein the coaxial probe has an open end for contacting an exterior surface of the bottle, and (b) a measurement module for determining a dielectric property associated with the wine by generating and measuring radio waves propagating through the coaxial cable. A method for dielectric testing of wine in a bottle includes measuring a radio-wave reflection signal associated with the wine by interrogating the wine, through the bottle, with radio waves, and determining a dielectric property associated with the wine from the radio-wave reflection signal. A probe for radio-wave interrogation of wine in a bottle has an inner conductor, an outer conductor, and an open end with curvature matching the curvature of an exterior surface of the bottle.

Embodiments of synchronous detection circuits and methods are provided for extracting magnitude and phase information from a waveform. One embodiment of a synchronous detection circuit includes a driver circuit, an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) and a controller. The driver circuit is configured to supply an input waveform at an input frequency to a load. The ADC is coupled to receive an output waveform from the load, and configured for generating four digital samples, each spaced 90 apart, for every period of the output waveform. The controller is configured for setting an oversampling rate (OSR) of the ADC, so that the ADC generates an integer number, M, of sub-samples for each digital sample generated by the ADC, where the integer number, M, of sub-samples is inversely proportional to the input frequency of the input waveform. The controller is further configured to use the digital samples generated by the ADC to extract magnitude and phase information from the output waveform.

Embodiments of synchronous detection circuits and methods are provided for extracting magnitude and phase information from a waveform. One embodiment of a synchronous detection circuit includes a driver circuit, an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) and a controller. The driver circuit is configured to supply an input waveform at an input frequency to a load. The ADC is coupled to receive an output waveform from the load, and configured for generating four digital samples, each spaced 90 apart, for every period of the output waveform. The controller is configured for setting an oversampling rate (OSR) of the ADC, so that the ADC generates an integer number, M, of sub-samples for each digital sample generated by the ADC, where the integer number, M, of sub-samples is inversely proportional to the input frequency of the input waveform. The controller is further configured to use the digital samples generated by the ADC to extract magnitude and phase information from the output waveform.

A method of detecting whether a receiver coil is near a transmit coil in a wireless power transfer system (WPTS), the method involving: applying a pseudo-random signal to the transmit coil; while the pseudo-random signal is being applied to the transmit coil, recording one or more signals produced within the WPTS in response to the applied pseudo-random signal; by using the one or more recorded signals, generating a dynamic system model for some aspect of the WPTS; and using the generated dynamic system model in combination with stored training data to determine whether an object having characteristics distinguishing the object as a receiver coil is near the transmit coil.

The present invention relates to an impedance measuring device obtaining impedance of portions of an object corresponding to two sensing electrodes by detecting, through the two sensing electrodes, an electrical variation shown on the object as an electrical signal is applied. A detector amplifying each of signals detected through the two sensing electrodes and then differential-operating the amplified signals to generate a signal for obtaining impedance is subjected to a calibration process for adjusting the gain of the amplifiers to reduce in-phase noise added due to an imbalance between the sensing electrodes.