An electronic device is provided. The electronic device includes a substrate, an optical sensing element, a light-shielding structure, and a microlens. The substrate has a normal direction. The optical sensing element is disposed on the substrate. The light-shielding structure is disposed on the optical sensing element and includes a plurality of light-shielding layers. Each light-shielding layer includes an opening, and centers of the openings are arranged along a first direction and separated from each other. The microlens is disposed on the light-shielding layers and overlaps the opening of the uppermost light-shielding layer. The microlens guides light into an optical channel formed by the openings, so that the optical sensing element has a maximum response value for light with an incident angle that is greater than or equal to 10 degrees and less than or equal to 30 degrees relative to the normal direction.

The present disclosure relates to a light control film having nano (or nano-scale) light absorbing layer and a display using the same. A light control film according to the present disclosure comprises: a lower layer having a first axis and a second axis; an upper layer facing with the lower layer; a middle layer having a thickness disposed between the lower layer and the upper layer; a plurality of nano light absorbing layers arrayed with a predetermined interval along the first axis in the middle layer, each of the nano light absorbing layer having a width along the first axis, a length along the second axis and a height corresponding to the thickness of the middle layer; and a prism pattern disposed between each pair of the nano light absorbing layers.

Methods and apparatus for supporting zoom operations using a plurality of optical chain modules, e.g., camera modules, are described. Switching between use of groups of optical chains with different focal lengths is used to support zoom operations. Digital zoom is used in some cases to support zoom levels corresponding to levels between the zoom levels of different optical chain groups or discrete focal lengths to which optical chains may be switched. In some embodiments optical chains have adjustable focal lengths and are switched between different focal lengths. In other embodiments optical chains have fixed focal lengths with different optical chain groups corresponding to different fixed focal lengths. Composite images are generated from images captured by multiple optical chains of the same group and/or different groups. Composite image is in accordance with a user zoom control setting. Individual composite images may be generated and/or a video sequence.

A method for displaying virtual content to a user, the method includes determining an accommodation of the user's eyes. The method also includes delivering, through a first waveguide of a stack of waveguides, light rays having a first wavefront curvature based at least in part on the determined accommodation, wherein the first wavefront curvature corresponds to a focal distance of the determined accommodation. The method further includes delivering, through a second waveguide of the stack of waveguides, light rays having a second wavefront curvature, the second wavefront curvature associated with a predetermined margin of the focal distance of the determined accommodation.

An optical sensing module and an electronic device are provided. The optical sensing module includes a substrate, a plurality of optical sensing elements, and a light-blocking element. The substrate has a sensing region and a non-sensing region around the sensing region. The plurality of optical sensing elements is disposed on the sensing region. The light-blocking element is disposed on the non-sensing region and a portion of the sensing region. The light-blocking element overlaps a portion of the plurality of optical sensing elements in a normal direction of the substrate.

The present disclosure provides a light control film and a method of manufacturing the same. The method includes providing a microstructured film. The microstructured film includes a plurality of light transmissive regions alternated with channels. The microstructure film is defined by a top surface and a pair of side surfaces of each light transmissive region and a bottom surface of each channel. The method further includes coating the pair of side surfaces of each light transmissive region and the bottom surface of each channel with a coating. The coating includes light absorbing particles that are dispersed in a liquid. The method further includes drying the coating such that the light absorbing particles are selectively deposited on the pair of sides surfaces of each light transmissive region.

A light control film comprises a light input surface and a light output surface; alternating transmissive regions and absorptive regions disposed between the light input surface and the light output surface; and TIR cladding layers. The TIR cladding layer having a refractive index, n.sub.TIR. The transmissive regions alternate between high refractive index transmissive regions having a refractive index, n.sub.2, and low refractive index transmissive regions having a refractive index, n.sub.1. The absorptive regions comprise a core having a refractive index, n.sub.core, adjacent an AR cladding layer; wherein n.sub.1<n.sub.2 and n.sub.TIR<n.sub.2. The TIR cladding layers are adjacent the high refractive index transmissive regions. The cores have an aspect ratio of at least 20. The high refractive index transmissive regions have a wall angle of 6 degrees or less.

This disclosure provides a lens assembly that has an optical path and includes a lens element and a light-blocking membrane layer. The lens element has an optical portion, and the optical path passes through the optical portion. The light-blocking membrane layer is coated on the lens element and adjacent to the optical portion. The light-blocking membrane layer has a distal side and a proximal side that is located closer to the optical portion than the distal side. The proximal side includes two extension structures and a recessed structure. Each of the extension structures extends along a direction away from the distal side, and the extension structures are not overlapped with each other in a direction in parallel with the optical path. The recessed structure is connected to the extension structures and recessed along a direction towards the distal side.

In one aspect, embodiments relate to a system for preventative dental laser treatment that ensures even irradiation of a laser beam. The system includes, a laser arrangement configured to generate the laser beam. The laser beam has one or more of a super-Gaussian energy profile and a transverse ring mode. The system also includes a focus optic. The focus optic is configured to converge the laser beam with a numerical aperture of 0.1 or less to a focal region. The system also includes a hand piece configured to direct the laser beam at a surface of a dental hard tissue. The system additionally includes a controller. The controller is configured to control one or more parameters of the laser source, such that a portion of the surface of the dental hard tissue is heated to a temperature in a range between 400° Celsius and 1300° Celsius.

A laser soldering system includes a laser source module, a polarization adjusting assembly, a temperature sensor, and a controller. The laser source module is configured to emit a laser beam. The polarization adjusting assembly includes a plurality of polarization elements and at least one stepping motor. The polarization elements are configured to split the laser beam into a Gaussian beam and a ring-shaped beam. The Gaussian beam illuminates the first element, and the ring-shaped beam is illuminates the second element. The stepping motor is configured to adjust a size of the ring-shaped beam. The temperature sensor is configured to monitor temperatures of the first element and a temperature of the second element. The controller is electrically connected to the temperature sensor, the laser source module, and the polarization adjusting assembly.