An electrolytic capacitor that includes a stack having multiple capacitor elements stacked in a thickness direction perpendicular to a length direction, wherein a first end of a first cathode is first closest to a second external electrode among all of ends of the cathodes of the multiple capacitor elements, a second end of a second cathode is second closest to the second external electrode, and an end of the second external electrode is closer to a first external electrode than the second end of the second cathode.

Methods of passivating surfaces, composite materials, and electronic devices including the composite materials. The composite materials can include a passivated film, such as a metal halide perovskite passivated with an organic dye. The electronic devices may include solar cells.

A solid electrolytic capacitor according to one aspect of the present disclosure includes: an anode body made of a valve metal; a dielectric layer formed on the anode body; and a solid electrolyte layer formed on the dielectric layer. The solid electrolyte layer includes: a first conductive polymer layer formed on the dielectric layer and heterogeneously doped with a monomolecular dopant; a block layer formed on the first conductive polymer layer; and a second conductive polymer layer formed on the block layer and composed of a self-doped-type conductive polymer containing a plurality of side chains containing a functional group that can be doped. The block layer blocks a migration of the self-doped-type conductive polymer from the second conductive polymer layer into the first conductive polymer layer and/or a migration of the self-doped-type conductive polymer from the second conductive polymer layer into pores of the porous anode body.

A capacitor case sealed to retain electrolyte; a sintered anode disposed in the capacitor case, the sintered anode having a shape wherein the sintered anode includes a mating portion; a conductor coupled to the sintered anode, the conductor sealingly extending through the capacitor case to a terminal disposed on an exterior of the capacitor case; a sintered cathode disposed in the capacitor case, the sintered cathode having a shape that mates with the mating portion of the sintered anode such that the sintered cathode matingly fits in the mating portion of the sintered anode; a separator between the sintered anode and the sintered cathode; and a second terminal disposed on the exterior of the capacitor case and in electrical communication with the sintered cathode, with the terminal and the second terminal electrically isolated from one another.

A capacitor manufacturing method is disclosed herein that includes a process for the isolation of electrode tabs attached to the capacitors' electrodes from other elements in the capacitor. An isolation patch or layer may be deposited over the tabs by a machine or a device after the tab is attached and before the electrodes are wound into a cylindrical internal element of a capacitor. The device may coat the tabs and surrounding regions with an isolating material. Electrode tabs may be provided with an isolating material pre-deposited at least in part over the tabs.

Provided is a hybrid electrolytic capacitor having large capacitance, low ESR, and superior high-frequency characteristics and high-temperature endurance. The hybrid electrolytic capacitor 1 is provided with: a cathode 10 having a cathode substrate 11 made of a valve metal, an oxide layer 12 provided on a surface of the cathode substrate 11, an inorganic conductive layer 13 provided on a surface of the oxide layer 12 and including an inorganic conductive material, and an organic conductive layer 14 provided on a surface of the inorganic conductive layer 13 and including a conductive polymer; an anode 20 having an anode substrate 21 made of a valve metal and a dielectric layer 22 provided on a surface of the anode substrate 21; and a composite electrolyte layer 30 having a solid electrolyte layer 31 containing conductive polymer particles 31a which is provided between and in contact with the organic conductive layer 14 of the cathode 10 and the dielectric layer 22 of the anode 20, and an electrolytic solution 32 filled between the conductive polymer particles 31a in the solid electrolyte layer 31.

A method of manufacturing an electronic component including a substrate is provided. The method includes generating a plasma remote from a sputter target, generating sputtered material from the sputter target using the plasma, and depositing the sputtered material on a substrate as a crystalline layer.

A multi-junction photovoltaic device comprising a layer of metal oxynitride between a first sub-cell and a second sub-cell is disclosed, the first sub-cell having a layer comprising a perovskite light absorber material. In addition, a method of manufacturing said multi junction photovoltaic device is disclosed. The metal oxynitride is preferably titanium oxynitride. Advantageously, the device may be produced in a simple, fast, consistent and inexpensive manner, whilst the properties of the titanium oxynitride layer may be tuned to avoid the occurrence of local shunt paths and to reduce reflection losses.

Provided is a method for preparing a perovskite electronic device including steps of: forming an electron transport layer and a second light absorption layer including a perovskite material each independently on a first substrate and a second substrate; forming a first light absorption layer including a perovskite material on the electron transport layer; coating a solvent on the surface of the first light absorption layer and the second light absorption layer; bonding the second light absorption layer on the first light absorption layer; removing the second substrate; forming a hole transport layer on the second light absorption layer; and forming an electrode on the hole transport layer.

A solid electrolytic capacitor element includes an anode body that includes a porous part in at least a surface layer of the anode body, a dielectric layer, and a cathode part. The cathode part includes a solid electrolyte layer that covers the at least a part of the dielectric layer. The anode body includes a first part and a second part. The first part is a cathode forming part on which the solid electrolyte layer is formed, and the second part is a part on which the solid electrolyte layer is not formed. The second part includes at least an anode part including an end of the anode body opposite to the first part. The first part is sectionalized into a plurality of regions, and the first part has a groove at a boundary between adjacent regions among the plurality of regions.