A salt-forming compound represented by the following general formula (3):

##STR00001##

where X.sup.1 and X.sup.2 each independently represent an aromatic ring group optionally containing a substituent; Y represents a divalent hydrocarbon group that the carbon atom directly bound to X.sup.1 or X.sup.2 does not have a π bond; Z.sup.+ represents an organic cation group; e represents an integer of from 1 to 4; and when e is 2 or more, a plurality of Ys and a plurality of Z.sup.+ s may be each the same or different; A.sup.c− represents a heteropolyoxometalate anion which is a c-valent anion and which has an oxidation-reduction potential larger than −0.3 V relative to the silver/silver chloride electrode; f and c are each an integer of 2 or more; g is an integer of 1 or more; and the salt-forming compound is a normal salt that f×e=c×g.

An image processing device includes a vision sensor and a processor. The vision sensor generates a plurality of events in which an intensity of light changes and generates a plurality of timestamps depending on times when the events occur. In addition, the processor may regenerate a timestamp of a pixel where an abnormal event occurs, based on temporal correlation of the events.

A phosphor may have the empirical formula: (AB).sub.1+x+2yAl.sub.11−x−y(AC).sub.xLi.sub.yO.sub.17:E, where 0<x+y<11; AC=Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba and/or Zn; AB=Na, K, Rb, and/or Cs; and E=Eu, Ce, Yb, and/or Mn. The phosphor may be used in conversion LED components.

A dimmable ballast circuit for a compact fluorescent lamp controls the intensity of a lamp tube in response to a phase-control voltage received from a dimmer switch. The ballast circuit comprises a phase-control-to-DC converter circuit that receives the phase-control voltage, which is characterized by a duty cycle defining a target intensity of the lamp tube, and generates a DC voltage representative of the duty cycle of the phase-control voltage. Changes in the duty cycle of the phase-control voltage that are below a threshold amount are filtered out by the converter circuit, while intentional changes in the duty cycle of the phase-control voltage are reflected in changes in the target intensity level and thereby the intensity level of the lamp tube.

A coated phosphor including: an inorganic phosphor particle; and a silicon oxide coating that coats the inorganic phosphor particle, wherein a molar ratio (O/Si) of an oxygen atom to a silicon atom in the silicon oxide coating through ICP emission spectroscopy of the coated phosphor is 2.60 or less.

Systems and methods to provide multiple channels of light to form a blended white light output, the systems and methods utilizing recipient luminophoric mediums to alter light provided by light emitting diodes. The predetermined blends of luminescent materials within the luminophoric mediums provide predetermined spectral power distributions in the white light output.

A thermally activated delayed fluorescent molecular material, a method for synthesizing the same, and an organic electroluminescent device are provided. The thermally activated delayed fluorescent molecular material includes an electron donor and an electron acceptor containing an indenyl group. A phenyl group in diphenylamine or triphenylamine in a donor molecule is replaced with an indenyl group, so that the electron-donating ability of the donor is increased, and the non-radiative transition rate is effectively suppressed, thereby increasing the photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of the molecule. Further, the torsion angle between the electron donor and the electron acceptor is also increased, while the electron cloud overlap between the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) is reduced, thereby obtaining a smaller ΔE.sub.ST value.

A white light emitting device (backlight) comprises: a Multiple Quantum Well (MQW) dual-wavelength LED; and a narrowband photoluminescence material that generates red light with a peak emission wavelength from about 620 nm to about 660 nm. The MQW dual-wavelength LED comprises at least one first Quantum Well (QW) that generates blue light with a dominant wavelength from 440 nm to 470 nm and at least one second Quantum Well (QW) to generate green light with a dominant wavelength from 520 nm to 540 nm.

The invention provides a light generating device (1000) configured to generate device light (1001), wherein the light generating device (1000) comprises (i) a first light source (110) configured to generate blue first light source light (111), wherein the first light source (110) is a first laser light source (10), (ii) a first luminescent material (210) configured to convert part of the blue first light source light (111) into first luminescent material light (211) having an emission band having wavelengths in one or more of the green and yellow, (iii) an optical filter (410) configured to optically filter the first luminescent material light (211) into optically filtered first luminescent material light (213), whereby the optically filtered first luminescent material light (213) is red-shifted relative to the first luminescent material light (211), and (iv) a second light source (120) configured to generate red second light source light (121), wherein the second light source (120) comprises a second laser light source (20); wherein in one or more operational modes of the light generating device (1000) the light generating device (1000) is configured to generate white device light (1001) comprising the first light source light (111), the optically filtered first luminescent material light (213), and the second light source light (121).

A light emitting device comprises: a solid-state light emitter which generates blue excitation light with a dominant wavelength from 440 nm to 470 nm; a yellow to green photoluminescence material which generates light with a peak emission wavelength from 500 nm to 575 nm; a broadband orange to red photoluminescence material which generates light with a narrowband peak emission wavelength from 580 nm to 620 nm; and a narrowband red manganese-activated fluoride phosphor which generates light with a peak emission wavelength from 625 nm to 635 nm. The device generates white light with a spectrum having a broad emission peak from about 530 nm to about 600 nm and a narrow emission peak and wherein the ratio of the peak emission intensity of the broad emission peak to the peak emission intensity of the narrow emission peak is at least 20%.