A system and method in at least one embodiment for separating fluids including liquids and gases into subcomponents by passing the fluid through a vortex chamber into an expansion chamber and then through at least a portion of a waveform pattern present between at least two rotors and/or disks. In further embodiments, a system and method is offered for harnessing fields created by a system having rotating rotors and/or disks having waveform patterns on at least one side to produce current within a plurality of coils. In at least one embodiment, the waveform patterns include a plurality of hyperbolic waveforms axially aligned around a horizontal center of the system.

Systems and methods to separate water and remove solids from a pre-treated and unfiltered renewable feedstock at or separate from a refinery. Such systems and methods may be used to provide a reduced-contaminant and reduced-solid renewable feedstock for further refining.

A system and method in at least one embodiment for separating fluids including liquids and gases into subcomponents by passing the fluid through a vortex chamber into an expansion chamber and then through at least a portion of a waveform pattern present between at least two rotors and/or disks. In further embodiments, a system and method is offered for harnessing fields created by a system having rotating rotors and/or disks having waveform patterns on at least one side to produce current within a plurality of coils. In at least one embodiment, the waveform patterns include a plurality of hyperbolic waveforms axially aligned around a horizontal center of the system.

A collecting electrode element for an electrostatic air cleaner with a reduced weight can be constructed with a lightweight conductive core sandwiched between particle collection layers which are supported and stabilized by a rigid frame. The conductive core may be conductive foil, conductive film, conductive ink, or conductive glue. The particle collecting layers may be flexible open-cell foam such as melamine which may be compressed between opposing frame elements. The frame may leave most and preferably at least 90% of the surface of the particle collecting layers exposed. The frame may have opposing frame elements secured to each other at a compressed area of the particle-collecting layers.

A system and method in at least one embodiment for separating fluids including liquids and gases into subcomponents by passing the fluid through a vortex chamber into an expansion chamber and then through at least a portion of a waveform pattern present between at least two rotors and/or disks. In further embodiments, a system and method is offered for harnessing fields created by a system having rotating rotors and/or disks having waveform patterns on at least one side to produce current within a plurality of coils. In at least one embodiment, the waveform patterns include a plurality of hyperbolic waveforms axially aligned around a horizontal center of the system.

Systems and methods to enhance the removal of inorganic contaminants, including metals, from hydrocarbon feedstocks at a refinery. One or more embodiments of such systems and methods may be used to provide a renewable hydrocarbon feedstock having a reduced amount of metal contaminants. The reduction of metal contaminants in the renewable hydrocarbon feedstock mitigates catalyst fouling and/or deactivation during downstream refinery processing of the renewable hydrocarbon feedstock.

A disk-pack turbine for use, for example, in systems and methods in at least one embodiment for separating fluids including liquids and gases into subcomponents by passing the fluid through a vortex chamber into an expansion chamber and then through at least a portion of a waveform pattern present between at least two rotors and/or disks. The rotors and/or disks having waveform patterns on at least one side. In at least one embodiment, the waveform patterns include a plurality of hyperbolic waveforms axially aligned around a horizontal center of the system.

A disk-pack turbine for use, for example, in systems and methods in at least one embodiment for separating fluids including liquids and gases into subcomponents by passing the fluid through a fluid intake chamber into an expansion chamber and then through at least a portion of a waveform pattern present between at least two rotors and/or disks. The rotors and/or disks having waveform patterns on at least one side.

A pair of waveform rotors and/or disks for use in a disk-pack turbine used, for example, in systems and methods in at least one embodiment for separating fluids including liquids and gases into subcomponents by passing the fluid into an expansion chamber and then through at least a portion of a waveform pattern present between at least two rotors and/or disks. The rotors and/or disks having waveform patterns on at least one side.

A pair of waveform disks for use in a disk-pack turbine used, for example, in systems and methods in at least one embodiment for separating fluids including liquids and gases into subcomponents by passing the fluid into an expansion chamber and then through at least a portion of a waveform pattern present between at least two disks. The disks having waveform patterns on at least one side.