A 3D printing method providing an improved manufacturing process by providing a plurality of layers forming at least a part of the component, wherein the plurality of layers contains at least one first layer part and at least one second layer part, wherein the at least one first layer part and the at least one second layer part have been manufactured with different manufacturing speeds.

A thermoelectric conversion material includes Mg.sub.2Si.sub.xSn.sub.1−x (where 0.3≤X≤1) and a boride containing one or two or more metals selected from titanium, zirconium, and hafnium. Further, it is preferable that the boride is one or two or more selected from TiB.sub.2, ZrB.sub.2, and HfB.sub.2.

The present disclosure is directed at methods of preparing rare earth-based permanent magnets having improved coercivity and remanence, the method comprising one or more steps comprising: (a) homogenizing a first population of particles of a first GBM alloy with a second population of particles of a second core alloy to form a composite alloy preform, the first GBM alloy being substantially represented by the formula: AC.sub.bR.sub.xCo.sub.yCu.sub.dM.sub.z, the second core alloy being substantially represented by the formula G.sub.2Fe.sub.14B, where AC, R, M, G, b, x, y, and z are defined; (b) heating the composite alloy preform particles to form a population of mixed alloy particles; (c) compressing the mixed alloy particles, under a magnetic field of a suitable strength to align the magnetic particles with a common direction of magnetization and inert atmosphere, to form a green body; (d) sintering the green body; and (e) annealing the sintered body. Particular embodiments include magnets comprising neodymium-iron-boron core alloys, including Nd.sub.2Fe.sub.14B.

The present disclosure is directed at methods of preparing rare earth-based permanent magnets having improved coercivity and remanence, the method comprising one or more steps comprising: (a) homogenizing a first population of particles of a first GBM alloy with a second population of particles of a second core alloy to form a composite alloy preform, the first GBM alloy being substantially represented by the formula: AC.sub.bR.sub.xCo.sub.yCu.sub.dM.sub.z, the second core alloy being substantially represented by the formula G.sub.2Fe.sub.14B, where AC, R, M, G, b, x, y, and z are defined; (b) heating the composite alloy preform particles to form a population of mixed alloy particles; (c) compressing the mixed alloy particles, under a magnetic field of a suitable strength to align the magnetic particles with a common direction of magnetization and inert atmosphere, to form a green body; (d) sintering the green body; and (e) annealing the sintered body. Particular embodiments include magnets comprising neodymium-iron-boron core alloys, including Nd.sub.2Fe.sub.14B.

Provided is a valve seat insert for an internal combustion engine, which has both an excellent heat dissipation property and excellent wear resistance. The valve seat insert for an internal combustion engine is used while being press-fitted into an aluminum alloy cylinder head, is made of an iron-based sintered alloy, is formed by integrating two layers of a functional member side layer and a supporting member side layer, and has a plating film on at least an outer peripheral side. The plating film is preferably a copper plating film. The plating film is a plating film having a thickness of 1 to 100 μm and a hardness of 50 to 300 HV, and the hardness of the plating film is adjusted so as to satisfy a range of 1.05 to 4.5 times hardness of the cylinder head in Vickers hardness HV. Pores contained in the valve seat insert are preferably sealed with a curable resin before plating treatment. Consequently, a valve seat insert for an internal combustion engine which does not go through complicated processes, is not accompanied by a significant decrease in wear resistance compared with the prior art, and has an excellent heat dissipation property is provided. If a roughened surface region is further formed at at least one portion on the outer peripheral surface of the valve seat insert in addition to the plating film, a falling out resistance property is improved. The same effect can be obtained even if the valve seat insert is a single layer of only the functional member side layer.

A paramagnetic stainless steel with a chemical composition including by weight: 26≤Cr≤40%, 5≤Ni≤20%, 0≤Mn≤5%, 0≤Al≤5%, 0≤Mo≤3%, 0≤Cu≤2%, 0≤Si≤5%, 0≤Ti≤1%, 0≤Nb≤1%, 0≤C≤0.1%, 0≤N≤0.1%, 0≤S≤0.5%, 0≤P≤0.1%, the remainder consisting of iron and any impurities each having a content less than or equal to 0.5%, the steel having a hardness HV10 between 500 and 900. It also relates to a part particularly a horological component made of this steel and to the process for manufacturing the part.

A method of making a cutting tool includes providing a first sintered cemented carbide body of a WC, a metallic binder phase and eta phase and wherein the substoichiometric carbon content in the cemented carbide is between −0.30 to −0.16 wt %. The first sintered cemented carbide body is subjected to a heat treatment at a temperature of between 500 to 830° C. for a time between 1 to 24 h. A cutting tool made according to the above method having an increased resistance against comb cracks is also provided.

A composite cemented carbide roll comprising an inner layer made of an iron-based alloy, and an outer layer made of cemented carbide which is metallurgically bonded to an outer peripheral surface of the inner layer; the cemented carbide of the outer layer comprising 55-90 parts by mass of WC particles and 10-45 parts by mass of an Fe-based binder phase having a particular composition; a shaft member and a shaft end member being metallurgically bonded to at least one axial end of the inner layer; the inner layer being made of an iron-based alloy containing 2.0% or more in total by mass of at least one selected from the group consisting of Cr, Ni and Mo; and the shaft member and the shaft end member being made of an iron-based alloy containing 1.5% or less in total by mass of at least one selected from the group consisting of Cr, Ni and Mo.

The invention relates to a method for producing a part by means of a laser beam, with a nozzle (1) that sprays a metal powder towards a substrate (5). Initially, the trajectory of the nozzle is defined in a pre-determined manner, and then, during the production of the part (7): a theoretical reference distance D0 that has been previously recorded and a real distance which is then measured are compared, and
the trajectory of the nozzle is modified on the basis of a deviation threshold between said distances.

A dissimilar material joined three-dimensional laminated and shaped object is shaped using a three-dimensional laminating and shaping apparatus. The three-dimensional laminating and shaping apparatus includes a material supplier that supplies materials of a three-dimensional laminated and shaped object to a shaping surface, an irradiator that irradiates the materials with a light beam, and a controller that controls the material supplier. The three-dimensional laminated and shaped object is a joined member obtained by joining dissimilar materials. The controller controls the material supplier to form a graded composition of the materials in a boundary region between the dissimilar materials of the three-dimensional laminated and shaped object.