An array-type electrode, which may include a substrate, an isolating layer, an electrode and a micro-structure layer. The isolating layer may be disposed on one side of the substrate. The first part of the electrode may be disposed on one side of the substrate and covered by the isolating layer; the second part of the electrode penetrates through the substrate; the third part of the electrode may be disposed on the other side of the substrate; the first part may be connected to the third part via the second part. The micro-structure layer may be disposed on the isolating layer.

A system and method of receiving and processing granular printing and curing data, and graphically displaying data to improve quality and production. The outputted data can include graphical information illustrating relationships between important multivariate data in a typical industrial printing or converting process. One or more chemical sensors can measure curing data and communicate the data for processing and control of the subject machines of the system.

A system and method of receiving and processing granular printing and curing data, and graphically displaying data to improve quality and production. The outputted data can include graphical information illustrating relationships between important multivariate data in a typical industrial printing or converting process. One or more chemical sensors can measure curing data and communicate the data for processing and control of the subject machines of the system.

A printing apparatus, including a laser to treat a substrate by at least partially carbonizing said substrate, where tar-like compounds are formed in the substrate as reaction products of the carbonizing, and an electromagnetic radiator irradiates the reaction products in the substrate to cause at least the tar-like compounds to polymerize and interlink. Further embodiments relate to a printing apparatus, including a laser to treat a substrate, where reaction products are formed in the substrate, and a compressor compresses at least the reaction products in the substrate. An embodiment also relates to a printing method, including at least partially carbonizing a substrate with a laser, forming tar-like compounds as reaction products of the carbonizing in said substrate; compressing the reaction products onto the substrate; and supplying energy to the reaction products that are pressed onto the substrate.

A printing apparatus, including: a feed, a printer, a controller configured to control operation of the printer, and a print quality sensor configured to acquire print quality information, where the controller is configured to adapt operation of the printer based on the print quality information. Further embodiment relates to a printing method, including the steps of: printing on a substrate in a printing operation; acquiring print quality information; and adaptation of the printing operation based on the print quality information.

A printing apparatus, including: a feed, a printer, a controller configured to control operation of the printer, and a print quality sensor configured to acquire print quality information, where the controller is configured to adapt operation of the printer based on the print quality information. Further embodiment relates to a printing method, including the steps of: printing on a substrate in a printing operation; acquiring print quality information; and adaptation of the printing operation based on the print quality information.

A system and method of receiving and processing granular printing and curing data, and graphically displaying data to improve quality and production. The outputted data can include graphical information illustrating relationships between important multivariate data in a typical industrial printing or converting process. One or more chemical sensors can measure curing data and communicate the data for processing and control of the subject machines of the system.

A system and method of receiving and processing granular printing and curing data, and graphically displaying data to improve quality and production. The outputted data can include graphical information illustrating relationships between important multivariate data in a typical industrial printing or converting process. One or more chemical sensors can measure curing data and communicate the data for processing and control of the subject machines of the system.

An array-type electrode, which may include a substrate, an isolating layer, an electrode and a micro-structure layer. The isolating layer may be disposed on one side of the substrate. The first part of the electrode may be disposed on one side of the substrate and covered by the isolating layer; the second part of the electrode penetrates through the substrate; the third part of the electrode may be disposed on the other side of the substrate; the first part may be connected to the third part via the second part. The micro-structure layer may be disposed on the isolating layer.

A system and method of receiving and processing granular printing and curing data, and graphically displaying data to improve quality and production. The outputted data can include graphical information illustrating relationships between important multivariate data in a typical industrial printing or converting process. One or more chemical sensors can measure curing data and communicate the data for processing and control of the subject machines of the system.