A battery comprising an acidified metal oxide (“AMO”) material, preferably in monodisperse nanoparticulate form 20 nm or less in size, having a pH <7 when suspended in a 5 wt % aqueous solution and a Hammett function H.sub.0 >−12, at least on its surface.

Described are luminescent components with excellent performance and stability. The luminescent components comprise a first element including first luminescent crystals from the class of perovskite crystals, embedded a first polymer P1 and a second element comprising a second solid polymer composition, said second polymer composition optionally comprising second luminescent crystals embedded in a second polymer P2. Polymers P1 and P2 differ and are further specified in the claims. Also described are methods for manufacturing such components and devices comprising such components.

Described are luminescent components with excellent performance and stability. The luminescent components comprise a first element including first luminescent crystals from the class of perovskite crystals, embedded a first polymer P1 and a second element comprising a second solid polymer composition, said second polymer composition optionally comprising second luminescent crystals embedded in a second polymer P2. Polymers P1 and P2 differ and are further specified in the claims. Also described are methods for manufacturing such components and devices comprising such components.

A method of agglomerating nanoparticles to form larger agglomerates is shown. The nanoparticles are mixed with a resin to form a first mixture (803) of agglomerates, having sizes over a range that includes agglomerates considered to be too large, suspended in the resin. A bead milling cylinder (802) produces a second mixture (808) with fewer large agglomerates. A filter (1001) removes the remaining large agglomerates. The resulting mill base is cut with a solvent before deployment.

A method of agglomerating nanoparticles to form larger agglomerates is shown. The nanoparticles are mixed with a resin to form a first mixture (803) of agglomerates, having sizes over a range that includes agglomerates considered to be too large, suspended in the resin. A bead milling cylinder (802) produces a second mixture (808) with fewer large agglomerates. A filter (1001) removes the remaining large agglomerates. The resulting mill base is cut with a solvent before deployment.

Proposed are a layered Group III-V compound having ferroelectric properties, a Group III-V compound nanosheet that may be prepared using the same, and an electrical device including the materials. Proposed is a layered compound represented by [Formula 1] M.sub.x−mA.sub.yB.sub.z (M is at least one of Group I or Group II elements, A is at least one of Group III elements, B is at least one of Group V elements, x, y, and z are positive numbers which are determined according to stoichiometric ratios to ensure charge balance when m is 0, and 0<m<x), and having ferroelectric-like properties.

According to this method, a fatty acid of CnH.sub.2nO.sub.2 (n=5 to 14) is mixed with a plurality of metal sources selected from Zn, In, Sn, Sb, and Al, thereby fatty acid metal salts are obtained, subsequently the fatty acid metal salts are heated at 130° C. to 250° C., and a metal soap that is a precursor is obtained. This precursor is heated at 200° C. to 350° C., and metal oxide primary particles are dispersed in the precursor melt. To this dispersion liquid, a washing solvent having a δP value higher by 5 to 12 than the δP value of the Hansen solubility parameter of the final dispersing solvent is added, thereby the metal oxide primary particles are washed and agglomerated, metal oxide secondary particles are obtained, and then washing is repeated.

According to this method, a fatty acid of CnH.sub.2nO.sub.2 (n=5 to 14) is mixed with a plurality of metal sources selected from Zn, In, Sn, Sb, and Al, thereby fatty acid metal salts are obtained, subsequently the fatty acid metal salts are heated at 130° C. to 250° C., and a metal soap that is a precursor is obtained. This precursor is heated at 200° C. to 350° C., and metal oxide primary particles are dispersed in the precursor melt. To this dispersion liquid, a washing solvent having a δP value higher by 5 to 12 than the δP value of the Hansen solubility parameter of the final dispersing solvent is added, thereby the metal oxide primary particles are washed and agglomerated, metal oxide secondary particles are obtained, and then washing is repeated.

The present application relates to copper-doped double perovskites, for example, copper-doped double perovskites of the formula (I) and to uses thereof, for example as low-bandgap materials such as a semiconducting material in a device. The present application also relates to methods of tuning the bandgap of a Cs.sub.2SbAgZ.sub.6 double perovskite (for example, wherein Z is Cl) comprising doping the double perovskite with copper.
Cs.sub.2Sb.sub.1-aAg.sub.1-bCu.sub.2xZ.sub.6  (I)

A precursor solution according to the present disclosure contains: an organic solvent; a lithium oxoacid salt that exhibits a solubility in the organic solvent; and a base metal compound that exhibits a solubility in the organic solvent and that is at least one base metal selected from the group consisting of Nb, Ta, and Sb.