A process of treating nano-filtration membrane retentate comprises introducing seawater comprising a sulfate ion concentration of greater than or equal to 3000 mg/l to the NF membrane to produce a retentate stream and a permeate stream, wherein the retentate stream has a sulfate ion concentration greater than or equal to 10,000 mg/l, and mixing barium additives comprising barium chloride dehydrate (BaCl.sub.2.2H.sub.2O), barium chloride (BaCl.sub.2), or both with the retentate stream to precipitate sulfate from the retentate stream to form barite (BaSO.sub.4) and reduce the sulfate ion concentration, wherein the barium additives are added into the retentate stream at a barium ion concentration of greater than 10,000 mg/l.

An article of manufacture for providing a water salinizer to add salt to pool water is disclosed. The water salinizer includes a barrel having a sidewall, a convex bottom, an angled sidewall between the convex bottom and the side wall, and an opening is a top surface for dissolving material into water, an input port coupled to the angled sidewall and being configured with the convex bottom to direct an incoming pressurized water stream and salt around the barrel along the angled sidewall, and a discharge port coupled to the sidewall about the opening in the top surface on an opposite side of the barrel from the input port.

A method and system of removing environmental contaminants from water comprising adding a fatty chemical to form a mixture with the water in which the fatty chemical and the environmental contaminants complex to form molecular complexes. The mixture is then filtered to remove the molecular complexes from the water.

The invention is about a stabilized electromagnetic base liquid, as well as its preparation method and its application in the high-salt wastewater treatment. The raw material components of the electromagnetic base fluid include: 20-30 parts of alkali metal hydroxides(e.g., as sodium hydroxide); 20-30 parts of non-alkali metal (e.g., as silicon or phosphorus); 2-6 parts of ammonia; 31-140 parts of water; after treatment with a direct electrical current the parameters of the stabilized electromagnetic base liquid are: pH value: 12 to 14; oxidation reduction potential value: −1.0 to −1.8 v; with no corrosivity, confirming the presence of stabilized hydrated electrons (e.sub.aq−−). With the stabilized electromagnetic base liquid, the storage problem of the electromagnetic base liquid is solved, and the large-scale application in the industrial field can be realized, thereby achieving a large-scale high-salt wastewater treatment process with low cost, high recovery rate.

The present disclosure is generally related to the fields of biology, inorganic chemistry, organic chemistry, molecular biology, enzymology, chlorinated water treatment processes and the like. More particularly, certain embodiments are related to reducing cyanuric acid concentrations in aqueous liquids, such as chlorinated swimming pool water, chlorinated hot tub water and the like.

Formulation F comprising A) 50 to 90 parts by weight of at least one block copolymer P of ethyleneoxide and propylene oxide, B) 0.5 to 10 parts by weight of at least one salt of an alkyl sulfate S, C) 0.05 to 0.5 parts by weight of a composition C comprising C1) 5 to 10 parts by weight of at least one polydimethylsiloxane bearing only terminal alkyl groups, C2) 1 to 3 parts by weight of at least one polydimethylsiloxane bearing at least alkoxylated hydroxy group, C3) at least one solvent,
wherein said formulation F is an aqueous formulation.

The crude oil sludge treatment agent is mixed with crude oil sludge and water and used for treatment of the crude oil sludge under alkali conditions. The crude oil sludge treatment agent contains green rust. The crude oil sludge treatment agent may further contain either or both a metal and a metal ferrite. The metal and the metal of the metal ferrite are one or more selected from the group consisting of aluminum, yttrium, zinc, copper, tin, chromium and silicon. The crude oil sludge treatment agent may also contain one or more selected from the group consisting of aluminum ferrite, yttrium ferrite and zinc ferrite. The crude oil sludge treatment method includes a mixing step in which crude oil sludge, water and green rust are mixed under alkali conditions.

A method includes: (1) using a chelating agent, extracting divalent ions from a brine solution as complexes of the chelating agent and the divalent ions; (2) using a weak acid, regenerating the chelating agent and producing a divalent ion salt solution; and (3) introducing carbon dioxide to the divalent ion salt solution to induce precipitation of the divalent ions as a carbonate salt. Another method includes: (1) combining water with carbon dioxide to produce a carbon dioxide solution; (2) introducing an ion exchanger to the carbon dioxide solution to induce exchange of alkali metal cations included in the ion exchanger with protons included in the carbon dioxide solution and to produce a bicarbonate salt solution of the alkali metal cations; and (3) introducing a brine solution to the bicarbonate salt solution to induce precipitation of divalent ions from the brine solution as a carbonate salt.

The present disclosure relates to methods of treating water to remove contaminants, including harmful metal ions, and water treatment plants for practicing such methods. In an embodiment, the process includes adding a sulfur-containing, metal-decreasing agent; an iron (III)-containing, metalloid-decreasing agent; forming a solid precipitate from the contaminated water, wherein the solid precipitate includes a solid metal sulfide, a solid iron metalloid, a solid calcium metalloid, or a combination thereof; and separating the contaminated water from the solid precipitate to form purified water.

Provided are a water treatment method and a water treatment device wherein in a biological treatment of ammonium nitrogen-containing water to be treated, the water to be treated can be treated stably at a high treatment speed even when the nitrogen concentration of the water to be treated is high. This water treatment device biologically treats ammonium nitrogen-containing water to be treated. The water treatment device (water treatment method) is provided with: a nitrification device (nitrification step) for oxidizing ammonium nitrogen to nitrite or nitrate nitrogen using nitrifying bacteria including autotrophic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria and nitrite-oxidizing bacteria contained in microbial activated sludge; and a nitrification rate control means which maintains a molybdenum compound in the nitrification device in such a manner as to control the molybdenum concentration of the water to be treated to 0.025 mg Mo/gN or more, and controls the nitrification rate for the sludge to 0.11 [kgN/(kgVSS.Math.day)].