Provided is a varnish for the formation of a charge-transporting thin film, said varnish including an organic solvent, a charge-transporting substance, and a 2,2,6,6-tetraalkylpiperidine-N-oxyl derivative represented by formula (T1)

##STR00001##

(in the formula, each R.sup.A independently represents a C1-20 alkyl group, and R.sup.B represents a hydrogen atom, a hydroxy group, an amino group, a carboxyl group, a cyano group, an oxo group, an isocyanato group, a C1-20 alkoxy group, a C2-20 alkylcarbonyloxy group, a C7-20 arylcarbonyloxy group, a C2-20 alkylcarbonylamino group or a C7-20 arylcarbonylamino group).

Provided is a varnish for the formation of a charge-transporting thin film, said varnish including an organic solvent, a charge-transporting substance, and a 2,2,6,6-tetraalkylpiperidine-N-oxyl derivative represented by formula (T1)

##STR00001##

(in the formula, each R.sup.A independently represents a C1-20 alkyl group, and R.sup.B represents a hydrogen atom, a hydroxy group, an amino group, a carboxyl group, a cyano group, an oxo group, an isocyanato group, a C1-20 alkoxy group, a C2-20 alkylcarbonyloxy group, a C7-20 arylcarbonyloxy group, a C2-20 alkylcarbonylamino group or a C7-20 arylcarbonylamino group).

The present application relates to a curable composition. The present application provides a curable composition comprising an internal heat source for generating heat by application of an alternate-current magnetic field from the outside, together with a phthalonitrile compound and a curing agent therefor. The curable composition can precisely control the heat generated from the internal heat source according to the strength of the alternate-current magnetic field to precisely control curing conditions of the curable composition.

The present application relates to a curable composition. The present application provides a curable composition comprising an internal heat source for generating heat by application of an alternate-current magnetic field from the outside, together with a phthalonitrile compound and a curing agent therefor. The curable composition can precisely control the heat generated from the internal heat source according to the strength of the alternate-current magnetic field to precisely control curing conditions of the curable composition.

Uncured aqueous composition comprising a blend of (a) a sulfonated polyester, (b) at least one of a self-crosslinking acrylic or a self-crosslinking polyurethane binder, and (c) melamine-formaldehyde crosslinker, wherein the uncured aqueous composition has a free-formaldehyde content not greater than 0.04 part per million formaldehyde as determined by the Formaldehyde Test, and cured composition thereof. Compositions described herein are useful, for example, for making primed film for release liners applications.

Uncured aqueous composition comprising a blend of (a) a sulfonated polyester, (b) at least one of a self-crosslinking acrylic or a self-crosslinking polyurethane binder, and (c) melamine-formaldehyde crosslinker, wherein the uncured aqueous composition has a free-formaldehyde content not greater than 0.04 part per million formaldehyde as determined by the Formaldehyde Test, and cured composition thereof. Compositions described herein are useful, for example, for making primed film for release liners applications.

Carbon phosphonitride (CPN) including tricyanophosphine (P(CN).sub.3), its pre-polymer (CPN-PP), and/or solid CPN (C.sub.3N.sub.3P) can serve as a useful additive for thermoset resins, resulting in improved thermal and mechanical properties.

Carbon phosphonitride (CPN) including tricyanophosphine (P(CN).sub.3), its pre-polymer (CPN-PP), and/or solid CPN (C.sub.3N.sub.3P) can serve as a useful additive for thermoset resins, resulting in improved thermal and mechanical properties.

Carbon phosphonitride (CPN) including tricyanophosphine (P(CN).sub.3), its pre-polymer (CPN-PP), and/or solid CPN (C.sub.3N.sub.3P) can serve as a useful additive for thermoset resins, resulting in improved thermal and mechanical properties.

A method of detecting space debris includes: generating a virtual space debris in accordance with the law of conservation of mass by applying a debris breakup model to an object of breakup origin; calculating an orbit of each virtual space debris based on a debris orbit propagation model; and generating appearance frequency distribution of a motion vector of each virtual space debris on the celestial sphere based on the orbit calculation. The above operations are executed multiple times. The method further includes setting a search range vector based on a motion vector having a high level of the appearance frequency distribution of the motion vector, and applying a stacking method to regions in images captured at time intervals during the fixed point observation, the regions being shifted along the search range vector sequentially in the order of capture, thereby detecting space debris appearing on the images.