In an embodiment, an alloy is exposed to a hydrophilic solvent at least until at least one Group I or Group II element is substantially removed so as to produce a nanomaterial that substantially includes a metal, semimetal or non-metal material and that exhibits a desired set of microstructure characteristics. The hydrophilic solvent is configured to be reactive with respect to the at least one Group I or Group II element and substantially unreactive with respect to the metal, semimetal or non-metal material. In another embodiment, an active material is infiltrated into pores of a nanoporous metal or metal oxide, after which the infiltrated nanoporous metal or metal oxide material is annealed to produce an active material-based nanocomposite material. A protective coating layer is deposited on at least part of a surface of the active material-based nanocomposite material.

The present disclosure provides a preparation method of a metal powder material. An alloy sheet composed of a matrix phase and a dispersive phase with different chemical reactivities is prepared by the rapid solidification technique of alloy melt. Metal powder is prepared by the reaction of the alloy sheet and an acid solution. Please refer to the description for the detailed preparation method. This method is simple in operation, can be used to prepare many kinds of metal powder materials of different shapes and at the nanometer scale, the submicron scale and the micron scale, and has a good application prospect in the fields of catalysis, powder metallurgy and 3D printing.

A nickel-based alloy composition consisting, in weight percent, of: 1.5 to 4.5% aluminium, 1.1 to 3.4% titanium, 0.0 to 4.0% niobium, 0.0 to 5.2% tantalum, 0.9 to 6.6% tungsten, 0.0 to 3.0% molybdenum, 0.0 to 24.0% cobalt, 12.5 to 20.6% chromium, 0.02 to 0.15% carbon, 0.001 to 0.015% boron, 0.0 to 0.1% zirconium, 0.0 to 3.0% rhenium, 0.0 to 2.0% ruthenium, 0.0 to 3.0% iridium, 0.0 to 0.5% vanadium, 0.0 to 1.0% palladium, 0.0 to 1.0% platinum, 0.0 to 0.5% silicon, 0.0 to 0.1% yttrium, 0.0 to 0.1% lanthanum, 0.0 to 0.1% cerium, 0.0 to 0.003% sulphur, 0.0 to 0.25% manganese, 0.0 to 0.1 magnesium, 0.0 to 5.0% iron, 0.0 to 0.5% copper, 0.0 to 1.0% hafnium, the balance being nickel and incidental impurities, wherein the following equations are satisfied in which W.sub.Al, W.sub.Ti, W.sub.Nb, W.sub.Ta and W.sub.W are the weight percent of aluminium, titanium, niobium, tantalum and tungsten in the alloy respectively 0.65≤0.3 W.sub.Nb+0.15 W 3.6≤W.sub.Al+0.5 W.sub.Ti+0.3 W.sub.Nb+0.15 W.sub.Ta≤5.7 W.sub.Ta+0.92W.sub.W≤6.1.

The present disclosure relates to a method for producing a metal carbide, where the method includes thermally treating a molecular precursor in an oxygen-free environment, such that the treating produces the metal carbide and the molecular precursor includes ##STR00001##
where M is the metal of the metal carbide, N* includes nitrogen or a nitrogen-containing functional group, and x is between zero and six, inclusively.

The present disclosure relates to a method for producing a metal carbide, where the method includes thermally treating a molecular precursor in an oxygen-free environment, such that the treating produces the metal carbide and the molecular precursor includes ##STR00001##
where M is the metal of the metal carbide, N* includes nitrogen or a nitrogen-containing functional group, and x is between zero and six, inclusively.

A method for making a three-dimensional hierarchical layered porous copper, the method includes providing a copper-zinc alloy precursor being composed of a β′ phase and a γ phase, and treating the copper-zinc alloy precursor by electrochemical dealloying. The present application further provides a three-dimensional hierarchical layered porous copper including a first surface layer, an intermediate layer, and a second surface layer stacked in that order. The first surface layer includes a plurality of micron-scale pores and a plurality of first nanoscale pores. The intermediate layer includes a plurality of second nanoscale pores. The second surface layer includes the plurality of micron-scale pores and the plurality of first nanoscale pores.

A facile method is based on a pack-cementation process using large-area copper foil instead of copper powder. By controlling a pack-cementation time and an amount of alloying element (e.g., aluminum), a hierarchical microporous or nanoporous copper can be created. When coated with tin active material, the hierarchical microporous or nanoporous copper can be used as an advanced lithium-ion battery anode. A coin-cell test exhibited a four-fold higher areal capacity (e.g., 7.4 milliamp-hours per square centimeter without any performance degradation up to 20 cycles) as compared to a traditional graphite anode.

A facile method is based on a pack-cementation process using large-area copper foil instead of copper powder. By controlling a pack-cementation time and an amount of alloying element (e.g., aluminum), a hierarchical microporous or nanoporous copper can be created. When coated with tin active material, the hierarchical microporous or nanoporous copper can be used as an advanced lithium-ion battery anode. A coin-cell test exhibited a four-fold higher areal capacity (e.g., 7.4 milliamp-hours per square centimeter without any performance degradation up to 20 cycles) as compared to a traditional graphite anode.

The present invention relates to a HEA foam prepared by selective dissolution of a second phase within a two-phase separating alloy comprising the HEA and a manufacturing method thereof. The manufacturing method of the HEA foam of the present invention has the effect of preparing a novel HEA foam, which was not available in the past, by leaving only a first phase after manufacturing a two-phase separating alloy comprising a first phase by HEA, wherein at least 3 metal elements act as a common solvent.

Furthermore, the HEA foam of the present invention has a structure, wherein pores are distributed inside the HEA, in which at least 3 metal elements act as a common solvent. By adding a functional characteristic of low heat conductivity, etc., to the existing high strength characteristic of HEA, the HEA foam of the present invention can exhibit a complex effect by the combination of the two particular effects, thereby being capable of exhibiting excellent physical characteristics.

The present disclosure provides a preparation method of a metal powder material. An alloy sheet composed of a matrix phase and a dispersive phase with different chemical reactivities is prepared by the rapid solidification technique of alloy melt. Metal powder is prepared by the reaction of the alloy sheet and an acid solution. Please refer to the description for the detailed preparation method. This method is simple in operation, can be used to prepare many kinds of metal powder materials of different shapes and at the nanometer scale, the submicron scale and the micron scale, and has a good application prospect in the fields of catalysis, powder metallurgy and 3D printing.