The invention relates to an aqueous, alkaline electrolyte for electrochemically depositing a zinc-, iron-, manganese-containing layer onto surfaces of metal piece goods, in particular piece goods made of iron and/or steel, characterized in that the electrolyte contains: zinc ions in an amount of 4-60 g/L; iron ions in an amount of 0.5-30 g/L; manganese ions in an amount of 0.1-15 g/L. The invention also relates to a method for electrochemically depositing a zinc-, iron-, manganese-containing layer onto one or more surfaces of a metal piece good. The invention also relates to a metal piece good comprising a zinc-, iron, manganese-containing layer electrochemically deposited onto a surface of the metal piece good in accordance with the inventive method.

The invention relates to an aqueous, alkaline electrolyte for electrochemically depositing a zinc-, iron-, manganese-containing layer onto surfaces of metal piece goods, in particular piece goods made of iron and/or steel, characterized in that the electrolyte contains: zinc ions in an amount of 4-60 g/L; iron ions in an amount of 0.5-30 g/L; manganese ions in an amount of 0.1-15 g/L. The invention also relates to a method for electrochemically depositing a zinc-, iron-, manganese-containing layer onto one or more surfaces of a metal piece good. The invention also relates to a metal piece good comprising a zinc-, iron, manganese-containing layer electrochemically deposited onto a surface of the metal piece good in accordance with the inventive method.

An inner surface of a tank 10 is formed by joining a large number of metal plates 21, 23 and 25 to one another by welding. Before injecting pressure resistance testing water into an inside of the tank 10 in order to test pressure resistance of the tank 10, a corrosion inhibitor 31 is applied to welds 27 between the metal plates 21, 23 and 25 on a bottom part of the tank 10. A total bottom part area A1 of the welds 27 to be applied with the corrosion inhibitor 31 on the bottom part of the tank 10 is made wider than a total non-bottom-part area A2 of the welds to be applied with the corrosion inhibitor 31 on the inner surface of the tank 10 other than the bottom part of the tank 10.

An inner surface of a tank 10 is formed by joining a large number of metal plates 21, 23 and 25 to one another by welding. Before injecting pressure resistance testing water into an inside of the tank 10 in order to test pressure resistance of the tank 10, a corrosion inhibitor 31 is applied to welds 27 between the metal plates 21, 23 and 25 on a bottom part of the tank 10. A total bottom part area A1 of the welds 27 to be applied with the corrosion inhibitor 31 on the bottom part of the tank 10 is made wider than a total non-bottom-part area A2 of the welds to be applied with the corrosion inhibitor 31 on the inner surface of the tank 10 other than the bottom part of the tank 10.

The method for producing a filled container of the present invention includes: providing a metal storage container, at least an inner surface of which is formed of a manganese steel and in which the inner surface has a surface roughness R.sub.max of 10 μm or less; performing fluorination by bringing the inner surface of the storage container into contact with a gas containing at least one first fluorine-containing gas selected from the group consisting of ClF.sub.3, IF.sub.7, BrF.sub.5, F.sub.2, and WF.sub.6 at 50° C. or lower; purging the inside of the storage container with an inert gas; and filling the inside of the storage container with at least one second fluorine-containing gas selected from the group consisting of ClF.sub.3, IF.sub.7, BrF.sub.5, F.sub.2, and WF.sub.6.

A surface protection composition contains (a) a phosphorus compound represented by formula (1), (b-1) a metal-containing compound or (b-2) an amine compound, (c) a (meth)acrylate having a hydrocarbon chain having 4 or more carbon atoms, (d-1) an acylphosphine oxide photopolymerization initiator and (d-2) an α-aminoacetophenone photopolymerization initiator. Further, the composition has the compound (d-1) in an amount of 0.1 to 3.0 mass % with respect to the total amount of the composition, compound (d-2) in an amount of 0.1 to 3.0 mass % with respect to the total amount of the composition and a total amount of the compound (d-1) and (d-2) is less than 5.0 mass % with respect to the total amount of the composition.

##STR00001##

In the above formula, R.sup.1 represents a hydrogen atom, R.sup.2 represents a hydrocarbon group having 4 to 30 carbon atoms, and R.sup.3 represents a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group having 4 to 30 carbon atoms.

A composition having a carbon material and a redox substance with a redox potential of −0.2 (V vs. SHE) or higher and 1.5 (V vs. SHE) or lower. A composition having a carbon material that is a carbon fiber. A composition where the carbon fiber is in a form of a chopped strand, roving, textile, non-woven fabric, or unidirectional material.

A method for coating a metallic support profile with a layer of a corrosion-resistant material, includes providing the metallic support profile with a surface to be coated, providing a layer element of the corrosion-resistant material adapted to the surface to be coated, applying an adhesive, curable substance to at least one of the surface to be coated and the layer element, applying the layer element to the surface to be coated, covering the arrangement of support profile and layer element by a compacting element, pressing the layer element onto the surface to be coated by the compacting element to achieve a predetermined joint thickness occupied by the adhesive substance, curing the adhesive substance while maintaining the joint thickness to generate a bond, and removing the compacting element.

A method for coating a metallic support profile with a layer of a corrosion-resistant material, includes providing the metallic support profile with a surface to be coated, providing a layer element of the corrosion-resistant material adapted to the surface to be coated, applying an adhesive, curable substance to at least one of the surface to be coated and the layer element, applying the layer element to the surface to be coated, covering the arrangement of support profile and layer element by a compacting element, pressing the layer element onto the surface to be coated by the compacting element to achieve a predetermined joint thickness occupied by the adhesive substance, curing the adhesive substance while maintaining the joint thickness to generate a bond, and removing the compacting element.

A method of forming a multilayered zinc alloy coating comprises steps of providing a bath of an aqueous electrolyte including zinc and a second electrodepositable component in an electrolytic cell having an anode and a cathode; applying a current or voltage between the anode and the cathode; modulating the applied current or voltage over time between at least two current or voltage values to thereby modulate the current density over multiple cycles between at least two current density values, wherein a first current density value is in a range of 0.3 to less than 2 A/dm.sup.2 and a second current density value is higher than the first current density value and is in a range of 0.6 to less than 5 A/dm.sup.2; and controlling the modulation of the applied current or voltage to obtain a multilayered structure having multiple layers of one or more of alternating proportions of the second component, alternating corrosion potential, alternating grain size, and alternating grain orientation, wherein one or more of the multiple layers has a thickness in the range of 1 to 10 μm.