Device for use in a biosensor comprising a multisite array of test sites, the device being useful for modulating the binding interactions between a (biomolecular) probe or detection agent and an analyte of interest from a biological by modulating the pH or ionic gradient near the electrodes in such biosensor. The device provides a biosensor which is more accurate, reliable and the results of which are more reproducible. Analytic methods for more accurately measuring an analyte of interest in a biological sample are also provided.

Various embodiments herein disclose a device, comprising one or more fluid interfacing components and a cartridge holder, wherein the one or more fluid interfacing components are fixed while the cartridge holder moves along a linear guide. Also disclosed herein are methods of using the device to analyze a sample containing particles, and methods of diagnosing a disease in a subject by using the device.

Arrays of droplet-on-demand dispensers are controlled by a row-column addressing scheme that can reduce the number of on-chip address lines, thereby making it feasible to construct large dispenser arrays. Decoders are used to further reduce the number of control lines that select a specific address line. A microfluidic logic controller includes row-select lines, each coupled to dispensers disposed on the same row, and column-select lines, each coupled to dispensers disposed on the same column such that each dispenser is associated with a unique row-column address. A logic circuit can actuate a dispenser only if the logic circuit receives signals from both of the row-select line and the column-select line corresponding to the row-column address of the selected dispenser. Reagents can be dispensed from the dispenser array, thereby allowing for rapid formatting of a reagent library into microfluidic droplets.

Precision drug screening methods and apparatuses for personalized cancer therapies include the formation of a library of mature Micro-Organospheres, including Patient-Derived Micro-Organospheres (PMOSs), from a single patient tissue sample, such as from a tumor sample, are described. Also described herein are methods and systems for screening a patient using these Patient-Derived Micro-Organospheres, including personalized therapies.

Certain embodiments are directed to paper and its hybrid microfluidic devices integrated with nucleic acid amplification for simple, cost-effective, rapid, and sensitive pathogen detection, especially in low-resource settings.

A shower head of a combinatorial spatial atomic layer deposition (CS-ALD) apparatus may be provided. The shower head of the CS-ALD apparatus may include a plurality of shower blocks. Each of shower blocks may include a plurality of unit modules. Each of the shower blocks and each of the unit modules may be controlled independently from each other. Each of the plurality of unit modules may include a source gas injection nozzle, a purge gas injection nozzle, a reactant gas injection nozzle, and exhaust areas between the injection nozzles. The plurality of shower blocks may be separated from each other. Gas injection areas of the injection nozzles may be separated from the exhaust area.

A shower head of a combinatorial spatial atomic layer deposition (CS-ALD) apparatus may be provided. The shower head of the CS-ALD apparatus may include a plurality of shower blocks. Each of shower blocks may include a plurality of unit modules. Each of the shower blocks and each of the unit modules may be controlled independently from each other. Each of the plurality of unit modules may include a source gas injection nozzle, a purge gas injection nozzle, a reactant gas injection nozzle, and exhaust areas between the injection nozzles. The plurality of shower blocks may be separated from each other. Gas injection areas of the injection nozzles may be separated from the exhaust area.

Arrays of droplet-on-demand dispensers are controlled by a row-column addressing scheme that can reduce the number of on-chip address lines, thereby making it feasible to construct large dispenser arrays. Decoders are used to further reduce the number of control lines that select a specific address line. A microfluidic logic controller includes row-select lines, each coupled to dispensers disposed on the same row, and column-select lines, each coupled to dispensers disposed on the same column such that each dispenser is associated with a unique row-column address. A logic circuit can actuate a dispenser only if the logic circuit receives signals from both of the row-select line and the column-select line corresponding to the row-column address of the selected dispenser. Reagents can be dispensed from the dispenser array, thereby allowing for rapid formatting of a reagent library into microfluidic droplets.

Devices and methods are provided for selectively expelling and/or transferring nucleic acids. In one aspect, the device includes a component (e.g., a piezoelectric or an acoustic component) configured to align with one or more features on a solid support, such that when in use, the component (e.g., the piezoelectric or acoustic component) generates a mechanical force to selectively expel and/or transfer one or more volumes of nucleic acid from the solid support. The solid support can include a plurality of discrete features, each feature having a volume (e.g., droplet) of nucleic acid thereon. A power source can be included to provide an electric current to the component (e.g., the piezoelectric or acoustic component, if present) to generate mechanical force. The device can be used for nucleic acid singulation during and/or after assembly.

Disclosed are methods and systems concerning flow cells for sequencing a nucleic acid sample that may be characterized by the following components: (a) a substrate having an inner surface facing a library sequencing region, and an outer surface; (b) a plurality of a plurality of forward and reverse amplification primers immobilized over the inner surface and providing a nucleic acid library capture surface of the library sequencing region; (c) a plurality of electrodes disposed along the inner surface directly under at least some of the forward and reverse amplification primers, and configured to provide, when charged, an electric field through the library capture surface and into the library sequencing region; (d) electrical leads connected to the plurality of electrodes to permit the electrodes to be independently addressable; and (e) fluidic couplings configured to deliver a plurality of nucleic acid libraries to the flow cell during different time periods.