A spark coil includes: a center core; a primary coil disposed on an outer periphery of the center core; a secondary coil disposed on an outer periphery of the primary coil; and an output terminal electrically connected to the secondary coil. The secondary coil includes a tubular secondary bobbin having a plurality of flanges on an outer peripheral side thereof, a secondary conductive wire wound around the secondary bobbin, and a long-sheet-shaped secondary lead terminal having one and another end portions electrically connected to the secondary conductive wire and the output terminal, respectively. The secondary lead terminal is disposed, between corresponding ones of the flanges, in surface contact with none of side surfaces of the flanges.

Various methods and systems are provided for a multi-fuel capable engine. In one example, a system comprises an engine having at least one cylinder controlled via an intake valve, a first fuel system to deliver liquid fuel and a second fuel system to deliver gaseous fuel to the at least one cylinder, a variable valve timing actuation system to adjust one or more of an opening or a closing timing of the intake valve, and a controller. The controller is configured to, during a liquid fuel only mode, adjust the variable valve timing actuation system to close the intake valve at a first timing based at least on engine load, and during a multi-fuel mode, adjust the variable valve timing actuation system to close the intake valve at a second timing.

If the pressure in a supply passage drops at a speed greater than a first determination speed in a state in which a first mode for supplying gas fuel to an internal combustion engine is selected, a control apparatus inhibits selection of the first mode. Then, the control apparatus switches from the first mode to a second mode, in energy other than gas fuel is used. In this state, if the pressure in the supply passage drops at a speed greater than a second determination speed, the control apparatus maintains the state in which the second mode is selected. If the pressure in the supply passage drops at a speed lower than the second determination speed, the control apparatus cancels the inhibition of selection of the first mode when it is detected that a manual on-off valve is opened.

A fuel injector for injecting an over-enriched fuel and air mixture to the combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine includes a spray nozzle, a gaseous carrier, a fuel mixing and evaporation chamber and an injector nozzle. During operation, both a liquid fuel and the gaseous carrier are supplied to the fuel mixing and evaporation chamber of the injector through the spray nozzle, where they are mixed and evaporated as a result of elevated temperature, and the mixture reaches the combustion chamber. The gaseous carrier is air or, flue gas, at elevated pressure and temperature and having a composition that prevents the initiation of flame combustion, and the gaseous carrier has an oxygen content low enough to prevent the initiation of combustion, even under conditions of elevated pressure and temperature.

A fuel injector for injecting an over-enriched fuel and air mixture to the combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine includes a spray nozzle, a gaseous carrier, a fuel mixing and evaporation chamber and an injector nozzle. During operation, both a liquid fuel and the gaseous carrier are supplied to the fuel mixing and evaporation chamber of the injector through the spray nozzle, where they are mixed and evaporated as a result of elevated temperature, and the mixture reaches the combustion chamber. The gaseous carrier is air or, flue gas, at elevated pressure and temperature and having a composition that prevents the initiation of flame combustion, and the gaseous carrier has an oxygen content low enough to prevent the initiation of combustion, even under conditions of elevated pressure and temperature.

An electricity generator includes a generator section which is a complete standalone electricity generator designed to operate on a hydrocarbon fuel and a fuel conversion section which adapts the generator section to operate on alternative fuels that are different than the designed fuel of generator section. The generator section includes a RPM control unit, an internal combustion engine which has a crankshaft, an electromagnetic conversion component which converts the rotational motion of the crankshaft into electricity and a crankshaft sensor which senses the rotational speed of the crankshaft thereby creating a RPM control signal. The control signal is provided to the RPM control unit which controls the rotational speed of the crankshaft. The fuel conversion section includes a first fuel source and a second fuel source. Characteristically, the first fuel source provides a methanol-containing fuel and the second fuel source provides LPG or flare gas.

An internal combustion engine in which a required reformed-fuel heat generation quantity (required output cylinder heat generation quantity) is calculated based on a required engine power and the thermal efficiency of an output cylinder. An estimated reformed fuel heat generation quantity is calculated based on the molar number of reformed fuel, mole fraction of each gas component in the reformed fuel, and heat generation quantity of each gas component in the reformed fuel. When a value resulting from subtracting the estimated reformed fuel heat generation quantity from the required reformed-fuel heat generation quantity is negative, a fuel reforming operation is not executed, assuming that there is a possibility that surplus reformed fuel may be generated. For example, a fuel supply from an injector to a fuel reformation chamber is stopped.

A fuel system for an internal combustion engine is provided including a first fuel container for a first fuel, a second fuel container for a second fuel, a pump, and a first fuel injector, the fuel system being arranged to provide a communication between the first fuel container and the pump and between the pump and the first fuel injector, and a reservoir with a separation device adapted to divide the reservoir into a first volume and a second volume, whereby the separation device may be moved or flexed by a pressure difference in the first and second volumes so as to change the sizes of the first and second volumes, wherein the fuel system is arranged to provide a communication between the pump and the first volume, and to provide a communication between the second fuel container and the second volume and between the second volume and a second fuel injector.

A combination control assembly of dual fuel internal combustion engine comprises a dial (2) that can be rotated to manipulate operation of a dual fuel internal combustion engine; a turntable (3) includes a disk body (301) and a shift lever (302), characterized in that the shift lever (302) is settled on the disk body (301); a first rotating part (4) that can be rotated by cooperating with the shift lever (302); a second rotating part (9) that can be rotated by cooperating with the shift lever (302); a first fuel valve (6) opened by the first rotating part (4), a second fuel valve (11) opened by the second rotating part (9). The combination control assembly controls the first fuel valve (6) and the second fuel valve (11), simplifying the manual operation and keeping the engine runs stable.

A control apparatus for an internal combustion engine, includes circuitry. The circuitry is configured to control a ratio of an amount of low octane number fuel to be supplied to a cylinder to a total amount of the low octane number fuel and a high octane number fuel to be supplied to the cylinder in order to control an overall octane number of fuel to be supplied to the cylinder. The high octane number fuel has a second octane number higher than a first octane number of the low octane number fuel. The circuitry is configured to calculate a maximum octane number of the fuel to be supplied into the cylinder. The circuitry is configured to restrict a power generated by the internal combustion engine based on the maximum octane number.