A brake element is sensorized by at least one piezoceramic sensor arranged between a metallic support element and a block of friction material of a brake element, the sensor being completely embedded within the block. An electrical voltage signal generated by at least one piezoceramic sensor, without the need for a power supply, is picked up by an electrical circuit integrated into the metallic support element. The electrical voltage signal is processed in the form of equal length of samples per unit of time of the detected signal by successively processing in real time each sample of equal length of time sample of the signal by applying an algorithm. The algorithm is selected from at least one of a sequence of integrations of voltage values in the sample carried out in an interval of time in the order of milliseconds; FFT voltage data sample; and integral of the voltage data sample.

A brake element is sensorized by at least one piezoceramic sensor arranged between a metallic support element and a block of friction material of a brake element, the sensor being completely embedded within the block. An electrical voltage signal generated by at least one piezoceramic sensor, without the need for a power supply, is picked up by an electrical circuit integrated into the metallic support element. The electrical voltage signal is processed in the form of equal length of samples per unit of time of the detected signal by successively processing in real time each sample of equal length of time sample of the signal by applying an algorithm. The algorithm is selected from at least one of a sequence of integrations of voltage values in the sample carried out in an interval of time in the order of milliseconds; FFT voltage data sample; and integral of the voltage data sample.

The present invention provides a friction material and a brake pad having excellent wear resistance while exhibiting a high friction coefficient under high-temperature and high-speed conditions. A friction material containing: 40 mass % or more and 80 mass % or less of a matrix containing at least one kind selected from the group consisting of Ni and Fe; 10 mass % or more and 30 mass % or less of inorganic particles containing zircon particles, titania particles, and mullite particles; and 10 mass % or more and 30 mass % or less of a lubricant containing at least one kind selected from the group consisting of graphite, molybdenum disulfide, boron nitride and calcium fluoride, wherein a content of the zircon particles is 30 vol % or more and 36 vol % or less, a content of the titania particles is 30 vol % or more and 36 vol % or less, and a content of the mullite particles is 30 vol % or more and 36 vol % or less with respect to a total content of 100 vol % of the zircon particles, the titania particles, and the mullite particles.

Provided are a wet friction plate and a wet multiplate clutch device including the wet friction plates capable of improving the performance for discharging lubricant oil adhering to surfaces of friction members. A wet friction plate includes oil grooves and friction members on a flat plate annular core metal. At a surface of a porous layer of the friction member, a friction slide surface and lubricant oil recessed portions are formed. The lubricant oil recessed portion has no sharp portion in a pointed shape, such as a corner portion, and is formed with a smooth continuous surface. The multiple lubricant oil recessed portions depressed in a recessed shape with respect to the friction slide surface are formed. In the porous layer, hollow portions are formed to have the same formation rate between a portion forming the friction slide surface and a portion forming the lubricant oil recessed portion.

Provided are a wet friction plate and a wet multiplate clutch device including the wet friction plates capable of improving the performance for discharging lubricant oil adhering to surfaces of friction members. A wet friction plate includes oil grooves and friction members on a flat plate annular core metal. At a surface of a porous layer of the friction member, a friction slide surface and lubricant oil recessed portions are formed. The lubricant oil recessed portion has no sharp portion in a pointed shape, such as a corner portion, and is formed with a smooth continuous surface. The multiple lubricant oil recessed portions depressed in a recessed shape with respect to the friction slide surface are formed. In the porous layer, hollow portions are formed to have the same formation rate between a portion forming the friction slide surface and a portion forming the lubricant oil recessed portion.

Example embodiments relate to alloys having high corrosion resistance and high wear resistance. In particular, example embodiments relate to an iron-based alloy including 20 wt % to 50 wt % Cr; 0 wt % to 15 wt % Mo; 0 wt % to 15 wt % W; 3 wt % to 6 wt % B; and a balance of iron and impurities. In example embodiments, the pitting resistance equivalent number (PREN) is greater than 30 at 1300 K under substantially equilibrium solidification conditions. In example embodiments, the mole fraction of a hard phase of the alloy is between 45% and 80% at 1300K under substantially equilibrium solidification conditions. The liquidus of the alloy may be less than 2000K under substantially equilibrium solidification conditions.

[Object]

To provide the disc brake pad including the friction material having the friction surface with the scorch treatment that can provide sufficient braking effectiveness while preventing the fading phenomenon at the initial stage of the disc brake pad usage.

[Means to Resolve]

In the disc brake pad including the friction material having the friction surface with the heat history due to the scorch treatment, the friction surface has the mixed areas including the area with the large heat history of the scorch treatment and the area with relatively small heat history of the scorch treatment. The following formula needs to be satisfied where the reduction rate of the mass of the inside of the friction material without the heat history due to the scorch treatment when performing the thermogravimetric analysis of the friction material at 500 centigrade is A, the reduction rate of the mass of the friction surface area with the largest heat history due to the scorch treatment when performing the thermogravimetric analysis at 500 centigrade is B1, and the reduction rate of the mass of the friction surface area with the relatively small heat history due to the scorch treatment relative to the friction surface area with the largest heat history when performing the thermogravimetric analysis at 500 centigrade is B2.

30≤B1/A×100≤90

50≤B2/A×100

B2/A×100−B1/A×100≤60  Formula:

The disclosure relates to the technical field of vehicle accessories, and particularly provides a brake for a vehicle and a vehicle. The disclosure aims at solving the problem that existing brakes for a vehicle usually cannot overcome low-frequency stubborn noise generated by a caliper structure in the brake in a braking process. For this purpose, the brake for a vehicle according to the disclosure comprises a first caliper body and a second caliper body, wherein the first caliper body and the second caliper body are provided with a first friction disc and a second friction disc respectively, a brake disc is arranged between the first friction disc and the second friction disc, and the first friction disc and the second friction disc are each further provided with at least one mass block, so as to quickly reduce low-frequency operating noise of the brake, thereby fundamentally eliminating braking noise, and then solving the problem that the existing brakes for a vehicle usually cannot overcome low-frequency stubborn noise generated by a caliper structure in the brake in a braking process.

The brake pad for a disk brake includes a lining and a plate. The lining includes:—a friction face and a fastening face;—a rear edge;—an inner edge and an outer edge; and—a collection groove extending into the inner edge or outer edge. The plate has a hole, the hole being connected to a vacuum source via communication element. The lining has a rear region including the rear edge and the collection groove, and a chamfered portion such that an area of a friction surface of the rear region increases when a thickness of the rear region decreases, the collection groove being located at a distance from a free surface of the chamfered portion and having a cross-section which extends obliquely towards the free surface of the chamfered portion.

The brake pad for a disk brake includes a lining and a plate. The lining includes:—a friction face and a fastening face;—a rear edge;—an inner edge and an outer edge; and—a collection groove extending into the inner edge or outer edge. The plate has a hole, the hole being connected to a vacuum source via communication element. The lining has a rear region including the rear edge and the collection groove, and a chamfered portion such that an area of a friction surface of the rear region increases when a thickness of the rear region decreases, the collection groove being located at a distance from a free surface of the chamfered portion and having a cross-section which extends obliquely towards the free surface of the chamfered portion.