A method for preventing formation of droplets in a heat exchanger, in which a second medium transfers heat to a first. The method is performed by a controller which receives different temperature values (T.sub.1, T.sub.2, T.sub.3) and a pressure (P) value to be used for calculating a boiling point temperature value (T.sub.B) and determining a first temperature difference (ΔT.sub.1) and a second temperature difference (ΔT.sub.2). Generating a flow control signal, for controlling the flow of the first medium into the heat exchanger, based on the first temperature difference (ΔT.sub.1), the second temperature difference (ΔT.sub.2) and the first temperature value T.sub.1 and sending the flow control signal to a regulator device for controlling the flow of the first medium in the heat exchanger.

A boiler construction includes a boiler pressure body having a bottom and a roof at a height H from the bottom and at least four planar watertube walls forming a polygonal horizontal cross section with at least four corner sections, and a rigid support steel structure, the boiler pressure body being supported to the rigid support steel structure at a height between the bottom and roof. A vertical corner column is attached exteriorly to at least four of the at least four corner sections at a height region between the bottom and roof, and the supporting of the boiler pressure body is provided by supporting each of the vertical corner columns to the rigid support steel structure at a height from 0.1 H to 0.9 H from the bottom so as to balance vertical loads of the boiler pressure body.

A method for preventing formation of droplets in a heat exchanger, in which a second medium transfers heat to a first. The method is performed by a controller which receives different temperature values (T.sub.1, T.sub.2, T.sub.3) and a pressure (P) value to be used for calculating a boiling point temperature value (T.sub.B) and determining a first temperature difference (ΔT.sub.1) and a second temperature difference (ΔT.sub.2). Generating a flow control signal, for controlling the flow of the first medium into the heat exchanger, based on the first temperature difference (ΔT.sub.1), the second temperature difference (ΔT.sub.2) and the first temperature value T.sub.1 and sending the flow control signal to a regulator device for controlling the flow of the first medium in the heat exchanger.

Solar/Rankine steam cycle hybrid concentrating solar power (CSP) systems and methods for designing or retrofitting existent natural circulation boilers using saturated or superheated steam produced by direct steam generation (DSG) or Heat Transfer Fluid (HTF) steam generators and CSP solar field technology systems are described. Additionally, methods and processes of retrofitting the existent Heat Recovery Steam Generators (HRSG) or biomass, gas, oil or coal fired boilers to operate integrated to a molten salt/water-steam heat exchangers are disclosed. The hybrid CSP systems are highly efficient due to the increase of steam generated by a heating section comprising either the DSG receiver or the molten salt-water-steam sequential heat exchangers, heaters, boiler/saturated steam generators, super-heaters and re-heaters. The additional saturated, superheated and reheated steam produced is directed to a Rankine cycle according to its pressure, temperature and steam quality significantly reducing the fuel consumption within a cogeneration or Combine Cycle Power Plant.

Solar/Rankine steam cycle hybrid concentrating solar power (CSP) systems and methods for designing or retrofitting existent natural circulation boilers using saturated or superheated steam produced by direct steam generation (DSG) or Heat Transfer Fluid (HTF) steam generators and CSP solar field technology systems are described. Additionally, methods and processes of retrofitting the existent Heat Recovery Steam Generators (HRSG) or biomass, gas, oil or coal fired boilers to operate integrated to a molten salt/water-steam heat exchangers are disclosed. The hybrid CSP systems are highly efficient due to the increase of steam generated by a heating section comprising either the DSG receiver or the molten salt-water-steam sequential heat exchangers, heaters, boiler/saturated steam generators, super-heaters and re-heaters. The additional saturated, superheated and reheated steam produced is directed to a Rankine cycle according to its pressure, temperature and steam quality significantly reducing the fuel consumption within a cogeneration or Combine Cycle Power Plant.

A system for providing supercritical steam including a first boiler that generates steam via combusting a first fuel, and a second boiler fluidly connected to the first boiler via a conduit which heats the generated steam to supercritical steam temperatures via combusting a second fuel. A first temperature of the conduit may be below a critical corrosion temperature and a second temperature of the conduit is greater than or equal to the critical corrosion temperature. A combined carbon emission rate of the first boiler and the second boiler may be less than a combined carbon emission rate of generating and heating the steam to supercritical steam temperatures using boilers that only combust the first fuel. The first boiler may be fluidly connected to a heat exchanger that heats the generated steam to a supercritical steam temperature via a flue gas produced by a gas turbine.

A system for providing supercritical steam including a first boiler that generates steam via combusting a first fuel, and a second boiler fluidly connected to the first boiler via a conduit which heats the generated steam to supercritical steam temperatures via combusting a second fuel. A first temperature of the conduit may be below a critical corrosion temperature and a second temperature of the conduit is greater than or equal to the critical corrosion temperature. A combined carbon emission rate of the first boiler and the second boiler may be less than a combined carbon emission rate of generating and heating the steam to supercritical steam temperatures using boilers that only combust the first fuel. The first boiler may be fluidly connected to a heat exchanger that heats the generated steam to a supercritical steam temperature via a flue gas produced by a gas turbine.

Auxiliary boiler systems, and methods of implementing and/or operating auxiliary boiler systems, are disclosed herein. In one example embodiment, an auxiliary boiler system for use in conjunction with a main steam source includes an auxiliary boiler, a deaerator coupled directly to and integrated with the auxiliary boiler, and a condensate storage tank coupled at least indirectly to the deaerator. Also, in another example embodiment, a method of implementing an auxiliary boiler system for use in conjunction with a main steam source includes setting a condensate storage tank in relation to a first support structure at a first position, and setting an auxiliary boiler at a second position. The method further includes directly coupling a deaerator to the auxiliary boiler so that the deaerator is integrated with the auxiliary boiler, and installing at least one interconnection by which the condensate storage tank is at least indirectly coupled to the deaerator.

Auxiliary boiler systems, and methods of implementing and/or operating auxiliary boiler systems, are disclosed herein. In one example embodiment, an auxiliary boiler system for use in conjunction with a main steam source includes an auxiliary boiler, a deaerator coupled directly to and integrated with the auxiliary boiler, and a condensate storage tank coupled at least indirectly to the deaerator. Also, in another example embodiment, a method of implementing an auxiliary boiler system for use in conjunction with a main steam source includes setting a condensate storage tank in relation to a first support structure at a first position, and setting an auxiliary boiler at a second position. The method further includes directly coupling a deaerator to the auxiliary boiler so that the deaerator is integrated with the auxiliary boiler, and installing at least one interconnection by which the condensate storage tank is at least indirectly coupled to the deaerator.

Solar/Rankine steam cycle hybrid concentrating solar power (CSP) systems and methods for designing or retrofitting existent natural circulation boilers using saturated or superheated steam produced by direct steam generation (DSG) or Heat Transfer Fluid (HTF) steam generators and CSP solar field technology systems are described. Additionally, methods and processes of retrofitting the existent Heat Recovery Steam Generators (HRSG) or biomass, gas, oil or coal fired boilers to operate integrated to a molten salt/water-steam heat exchangers are disclosed. The hybrid CSP systems are highly efficient due to the increase of steam generated by a heating section comprising either the DSG receiver or the molten salt-water-steam sequential heat exchangers, heaters, boiler/saturated steam generators, super-heaters and re-heaters. The additional saturated, superheated and reheated steam produced is directed to a Rankine cycle according to its pressure, temperature and steam quality significantly reducing the fuel consumption within a cogeneration or Combine Cycle Power Plant.