A solar water source heat pump air conditioning system includes an air-water heat exchange system, an aqueous solution heat exchange system, a heat pump main engine, a concentration system, an energy recovery system and a condensate water recovery system. According to the present invention, solar energy in air is absorbed by utilizing the air-water heat exchange system and is provided for a heat pump. Cold-heat transfer is performed between the air-water heat exchange system and the heat pump main engine by adopting the aqueous solution heat exchange system, thereby avoiding frosting and pipeline pollution. Cold energy of air-conditioning condensate water is collected by utilizing the condensate water recovery system and then is used, thereby increasing efficiency of the heat pump main engine. Air flowing through the air-water heat exchange system is purified by adopting a haze purification system, thereby improving air quality.

A cooling device is capable of protecting an electronically controlled expansion valve in a main refrigerant circuit from the liquid hammer phenomenon due to high-pressure liquid refrigerant when cooling operation starts. The cooling device includes a main refrigerant circuit, a defrosting refrigerant circuit, and a controller. In the main refrigerant circuit, a compressor, a condenser, a main opening-closing valve, an expansion valve in which the flow rate of refrigerant is variable, and an evaporator are connected via refrigerant pipes. The defrosting refrigerant circuit connects the refrigerant outlet side of the compressor in the main refrigerant circuit and the refrigerant inlet side of the evaporator in the main refrigerant circuit to each other and includes a valve mechanism.

A solar water source heat pump air conditioning system includes an air-water heat exchange system, an aqueous solution heat exchange system, a heat pump main engine, a concentration system, an energy recovery system and a condensate water recovery system. According to the present invention, solar energy in air is absorbed by utilizing the air-water heat exchange system and is provided for a heat pump. Cold-heat transfer is performed between the air-water heat exchange system and the heat pump main engine by adopting the aqueous solution heat exchange system, thereby avoiding frosting and pipeline pollution. Cold energy of air-conditioning condensate water is collected by utilizing the condensate water recovery system and then is used, thereby increasing efficiency of the heat pump main engine. Air flowing through the air-water heat exchange system is purified by adopting a haze purification system, thereby improving air quality.

A cooling device capable of preventing inflow of bubbles to a pump even in a zero-gravity space and a space structure including the cooling device are obtained. In a cooling device, a pump, a cooler, and a radiator are connected sequentially by a refrigerant flow path. An accumulator is connected to the refrigerant flow path connecting the pump and the radiator. The accumulator includes a container storing refrigerant, a cooling section cooling a base-end side of the container, and a heating section heating a front-end side of the container.

A cooling device is capable of protecting an electronically controlled expansion valve in a main refrigerant circuit from the liquid hammer phenomenon due to high-pressure liquid refrigerant when cooling operation starts. The cooling device includes a main refrigerant circuit, a defrosting refrigerant circuit, and a controller. In the main refrigerant circuit, a compressor, a condenser, a main opening-closing valve, an expansion valve in which the flow rate of refrigerant is variable, and an evaporator are connected via refrigerant pipes. The defrosting refrigerant circuit connects the refrigerant outlet side of the compressor in the main refrigerant circuit and the refrigerant inlet side of the evaporator in the main refrigerant circuit to each other and includes a valve mechanism.

A system and method are provided including a system controller for a refrigeration or HVAC system having a compressor rack with a compressor and a condensing unit with a condenser fan. The system controller monitors and controls operation of the refrigeration or HVAC system. A rack controller monitors and controls operation of the compressor rack and determines compressor rack power consumption data. A condensing unit controller monitors and controls operation of the condensing unit and determines condensing unit power consumption data. The system controller receives the compressor rack power consumption data and the condensing unit power consumption data, determines a total power consumption of the refrigeration or HVAC system, determines a predicted power consumption or a benchmark power consumption for the refrigeration system, compares the total power consumption with the predicted power consumption or the benchmark power consumption, and generates an alert based on the comparison.

A system and method are provided including a system controller for a refrigeration or HVAC system having a compressor rack with a compressor and a condensing unit with a condenser fan. The system controller monitors and controls operation of the refrigeration or HVAC system. A rack controller monitors and controls operation of the compressor rack and determines compressor rack power consumption data. A condensing unit controller monitors and controls operation of the condensing unit and determines condensing unit power consumption data. The system controller receives the compressor rack power consumption data and the condensing unit power consumption data, determines a total power consumption of the refrigeration or HVAC system, determines a predicted power consumption or a benchmark power consumption for the refrigeration system, compares the total power consumption with the predicted power consumption or the benchmark power consumption, and generates an alert based on the comparison.

A system and method are provided including a system controller for a refrigeration or HVAC system having a compressor rack with a compressor and a condensing unit with a condenser fan. The system controller monitors and controls operation of the refrigeration or HVAC system. A rack controller monitors and controls operation of the compressor rack and determines compressor rack power consumption data. A condensing unit controller monitors and controls operation of the condensing unit and determines condensing unit power consumption data. The system controller receives the compressor rack power consumption data and the condensing unit power consumption data, determines a total power consumption of the refrigeration or HVAC system, determines a predicted power consumption or a benchmark power consumption for the refrigeration system, compares the total power consumption with the predicted power consumption or the benchmark power consumption, and generates an alert based on the comparison.

An air-conditioning apparatus includes: a heat medium cycle circuit; and a heat source side refrigerant cycle circuit in which a compressor, a heat source side heat exchanger, an expansion device, and a heat medium heat exchanger are connected by pipes, wherein the heat source side refrigerant cycle circuit has a bypass pipe, a bypass valve, and a merging portion, the heat medium heat exchanger side pipe having one end connected to the heat medium heat exchanger, the compressor side pipe having one end connected to a heat source side refrigerant suction side of the compressor, and the heat medium heat exchanger side pipe in the merging portion is connected to the compressor side pipe and the bypass pipe with a pipe axis thereof being upwardly inclined relative to a horizontal direction or being oriented upward in a vertical direction when viewed from the merging portion.