Methods, devices, and systems for improving the quality of electrospray ionization mass spectrometer (ESI-MS) data are described, as are methods, devices, and systems for achieving improved correlation between chemical separation data and mass spectrometry data.

Examination of a test sample to determine the presence or quantity of succination of proteins is described. Examination can be via protein hydrolysis in total succination determination or via enzymatic digestion of isolated proteins and determination of the presence or quantity of modified peptides. The methods can be utilized for determination of excessive succination of lymph system proteins, which can be utilized in prevention or early detection of lymphopenia. Methods can be utilized for test samples of subjects under treatment with dimethyl fumarate suffering from multiple sclerosis. Methods can be utilized as a determination that treatment of the subject with DMF should be slowed or stopped.

This disclosure relates to methods of determining the amount of post translational modification (PTM) associated with one or more tau peptide fragments of a tau protein in a sample, and methods of evaluating a subject for having a tauopathy, the methods comprising, in part, determining the amount of post translational modification (PTM) associated with one or more tau peptide fragments of a tau protein in a sample, and comparing the amount of the tau PTMs associated with one or more tau peptide fragments with one or more reference levels for the tau peptide fragments, thereby determining whether a subject has a tauopathy.

The present invention provides a method for controlling a speed of a polypeptide passing through a nanopore and use thereof in determining an amino acid sequence of a polypeptide. Specifically, the method comprises: conjugating a polynucleotide to the polypeptide to give a polynucleotide-polypeptide conjugate, and applying a voltage across the nanopore in the presence of a polynucleotide binding enzyme to move the conjugate through the nanopore. The polynucleotide binding enzyme controls the movement of the polynucleotide and thereby controls the movement of the conjugated polypeptide in the nanopore, thus controlling the speed of the polypeptide passing through the nanopore. While controlling the speed of the polypeptide, the present invention reads a nanopore current signal during the process of the polypeptide passing through the nanopore to give an electrical signal of the polypeptide. The electrical signal can be further used to acquire an amino acid sequence of the polypeptide, to identify the polypeptide or a part thereof, or to establish a library of polypeptide electrical signals.

The present invention refers to p53 sequence and post translational modifications (PTMs) and to their use as biomarkers in the diagnosis of neurodegenerative disease and cognitive decline and/or in the prognosis of Alzheimer's disease at different stages and/or of neurodegenerative disease in a biological sample. The invention also provides for a 1) diagnostic method based on a highly accurate mass spectrometry analysis for the diagnosis of neurodegenerative disease, including Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI), Alzheimer's disease (AD), fronto-temporal dementia (FTD), Lewi's Body (LB), and vascular dementia (VD) in a subject, by evaluating the PTMs to the said p53 linear sequence protein and possible cut of its full sequence specifically in human plasma of patients; and 2) prognosis of AD in CU and MCI patients.

The present invention relates generally to the field of disorders of complement activation. More specifically, the present invention provides methods and compositions useful for diagnosing and treating atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome, antiphospholipid antibody syndrome and other disorders of the alternative pathway of complement activation. In one embodiment, a method comprises the steps of (a) incubating or contacting serum obtained from a patient suspected of having atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS) with a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored protein (GPI-AP) deficient cell line; and (b) performing a cell viability assay on the cells from step (a). In a specific embodiment, the method further comprises the step of diagnosing the patient as having aHUS based on a statistically significant increased difference of non-viable cells from the patient serum as compared to a control.

The present invention relates to the field of protein characterization, and in particular to methods for identifying critical quality attributes of therapeutic proteins by implementing a workflow including using a competitive binding assay with insufficient capture molecule followed by LC-MS.

The present invention provides methods to improve a cancer patient's response to immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy, and functional test to predict likelihood of response. Specifically, the invention provides methods to improve patient's response to immune checkpoint inhibitors using modulators and to predict response to the combination of immune checkpoint inhibitors and modulators.

There are provided methods and systems for detecting and/or quantifying an analyte. In particular, there are provided methods and systems for simultaneous detection and/or quantitation of two or more analytes in a sample. Colocalization-by-linkage assays on microparticles (CLAMP) can be engineered and used to effectively multiplex the detection of analytes within a sample. Features and methods of CLAMP systems can provide robust and scalable analysis of analytes in a sample.

Methods and systems for identifying and/or quantifying polypeptide binding interactions of ligand-binding polypeptides are disclosed. Detailed methods include methods for identifying binding ligands of ligand-binding polypeptides and methods for assessing changes in binding behavior due to alterations of ligand-binding polypeptides. Detailed systems include array-based systems that permit detection of ligand binding interactions at single-analyte resolution.