A numerically-controlled oscillator (NCO) includes a phase accumulator (PA) which has a first input adapted to receive a phase increment, a second input adapted to receive a clock signal, and a third input adapted to receive a reset signal. The PA provides an instantaneous phase at an output. The NCO includes a dithered splitter which has an input coupled to receive the instantaneous phase. The dithered splitter dithers the instantaneous phase using a pseudo-random binary sequence (PRBS) and provides a dithered course phase and a dithered fine phase. The NCO includes a polynomial approximation unit which has a first input coupled to receive the dithered course phase and a second input coupled to receive the dithered fine phase. The polynomial approximation unit provides a sequence of numbers representing a discrete sinusoidal signal.

A coupled bio-oscillating material is disclosed. The coupled bio-oscillating material comprises at least two cardiac muscle (CM) cell clusters and at least one cardiac fibroblast (CF) cell bridge on a substrate. The at least one CF cell bridge provides electrical conduction between the at least two CM cell clusters. The at least two CM cell clusters oscillate and synchronize at a unique phase ordering between the at least two CM cell clusters. The coupled bio-oscillating material can be used. The coupled bio-oscillating material can be used to create coupled bio-oscillator networks. A method of creating a coupled bio-oscillator network. The coupled bio-oscillator networks can be used for collective computing. A re-programmable bio-oscillatory network is also disclosed. The re-programmable bio-oscillatory network comprises a patterning layer, an enzyme channeling layer, and a pneumatic controlling layer.

A coupled bio-oscillating material is disclosed. The coupled bio-oscillating material comprises at least two cardiac muscle (CM) cell clusters and at least one cardiac fibroblast (CF) cell bridge on a substrate. The at least one CF cell bridge provides electrical conduction between the at least two CM cell clusters. The at least two CM cell clusters oscillate and synchronize at a unique phase ordering between the at least two CM cell clusters. The coupled bio-oscillating material can be used. The coupled bio-oscillating material can be used to create coupled bio-oscillator networks. A method of creating a coupled bio-oscillator network. The coupled bio-oscillator networks can be used for collective computing. A re-programmable bio-oscillatory network is also disclosed. The re-programmable bio-oscillatory network comprises a patterning layer, an enzyme channeling layer, and a pneumatic controlling layer.

A drive-mode oscillator module for use within a micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) device is described. The drive-mode oscillator module is arranged to receive a proof-mass measurement signal from a proof-mass of the MEMS device and to output a proof-mass actuation signal to the proof-mass of the MEMS device. The drive-mode oscillator module comprises a first, higher gain accuracy drive-mode component for generating an actuation signal to be output by the drive-mode oscillator module during an active mode of the MEMS device, and a second, lower power consumption drive-mode component for generating an actuation signal to be output by the drive-mode oscillator module during a standby mode of the MEMS device.

A drive-mode oscillator module for use within a micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) device is described. The drive-mode oscillator module is arranged to receive a proof-mass measurement signal from a proof-mass of the MEMS device and to output a proof-mass actuation signal to the proof-mass of the MEMS device. The drive-mode oscillator module comprises a first, higher gain accuracy drive-mode component for generating an actuation signal to be output by the drive-mode oscillator module during an active mode of the MEMS device, and a second, lower power consumption drive-mode component for generating an actuation signal to be output by the drive-mode oscillator module during a standby mode of the MEMS device.

An apparatus includes a first oscillator circuit coupled to a first electrode and a second oscillator circuit coupled to a second electrode. The first and second oscillator circuits oscillate synchronously in response to a capacitance between the first and second electrodes being greater than or equal to a threshold coupling capacitance and asynchronously in response to the capacitance being less than the threshold coupling capacitance. The first and second electrodes are separated by a distance, such that a disturbance within the distance increases the capacitance between the electrodes equal to or above the threshold coupling capacitance. The frequency of the first oscillator circuit is inversely proportional to a capacitance of the first electrode, and the frequency of the second oscillator circuit is inversely proportional to a capacitance of the second electrode.

An apparatus includes a first oscillator circuit coupled to a first electrode and a second oscillator circuit coupled to a second electrode. The first and second oscillator circuits oscillate synchronously in response to a capacitance between the first and second electrodes being greater than or equal to a threshold coupling capacitance and asynchronously in response to the capacitance being less than the threshold coupling capacitance. The first and second electrodes are separated by a distance, such that a disturbance within the distance increases the capacitance between the electrodes equal to or above the threshold coupling capacitance. The frequency of the first oscillator circuit is inversely proportional to a capacitance of the first electrode, and the frequency of the second oscillator circuit is inversely proportional to a capacitance of the second electrode.

The present disclosure relates to an oscillator apparatus comprising a differential transmission line forming a closed loop, a plurality of active core components that are electrically connected to the differential transmission line and that are configured to compensate for loss in the differential transmission line, a plurality of tuning elements that are electrically coupled with the differential transmission line, and a processor configured to control each tuning element of the plurality of tuning elements to activate or deactivate such that an effective electrical length of the differential transmission line is changed.

The present disclosure relates to an oscillator apparatus comprising a differential transmission line forming a closed loop, a plurality of active core components that are electrically connected to the differential transmission line and that are configured to compensate for loss in the differential transmission line, a plurality of tuning elements that are electrically coupled with the differential transmission line, and a processor configured to control each tuning element of the plurality of tuning elements to activate or deactivate such that an effective electrical length of the differential transmission line is changed.

There is disclosed herein clock generation circuitry, in particular rotary travelling wave oscillator circuitry. Such circuitry comprises a pair of signal lines connected together to form a dosed loop and arranged such that they define at least one transition section where both said lines in a first portion of the pair cross from one lateral side of both said lines in a second portion of the pair to the other lateral side of both said lines in the second portion of the pair.