A method and apparatus produce silicon-carbon composite materials through a chemical vapor deposition or a thermal disposition process in a fluidized bed reactor on a semi-continuous basis. The produced silicon-carbon composite has a unique structure that silicon particles are uniformly dispersed, bonded and embedded into the carbon conductive matrix and forming a secondary structure. The produced silicon-carbon composite can be used as advanced anode materials for lithium battery and other electrochemical energy storage device.

The present application provides a method, a equipment and a system for producing a silicon-containing products by using a silicon sludge which is produced by a diamond wire cutting silicon material. The method of the present application mainly utilizes a high oxide layer on the surface of a silicon waste particle produced during diamond wire cutting. The characteristics are such that the surface oxide disproportionates with adjacent internal elemental silicon to form silicon monoxide to be removed in a vapor to achieve a physical chemical reaction with a metal, a halogen gas, a hydrogen halide gas or hydrogen to form a high value-added silicon-containing products. The process realizes the large-scale, high-efficiency, energy-saving, continuous and low-cost complete recycling of diamond-wire cutting silicon waste.

A coated phosphor comprises: phosphor particles comprised of a phosphor with composition MSe.sub.1−xS.sub.x:Eu, wherein M is at least one of Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba and Zn and 0<x<1.0; and a coating on individual ones of the phosphor particles, the coating comprising a layer of oxide material encapsulating the individual phosphor particles; wherein the coated phosphor is configured such that under excitation by a blue LED the reduction in photoluminescent intensity at the peak emission wavelength after 1,000 hours of aging at about 85° C. and about 85% relative humidity is no greater than about 15%; and wherein the coated phosphor is configured such that the change in chromaticity coordinates CIE(x), Δx, after 1,000 hours of aging at about 85° C. and about 85% relative humidity is less than or equal to about 5×10.sup.−3.

A coated phosphor comprises: phosphor particles comprised of a phosphor with composition MSe.sub.1−xS.sub.x:Eu, wherein M is at least one of Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba and Zn and 0<x<1.0; and a coating on individual ones of the phosphor particles, the coating comprising a layer of oxide material encapsulating the individual phosphor particles; wherein the coated phosphor is configured such that under excitation by a blue LED the reduction in photoluminescent intensity at the peak emission wavelength after 1,000 hours of aging at about 85° C. and about 85% relative humidity is no greater than about 15%; and wherein the coated phosphor is configured such that the change in chromaticity coordinates CIE(x), Δx, after 1,000 hours of aging at about 85° C. and about 85% relative humidity is less than or equal to about 5×10.sup.−3.

The invention includes apparatus and methods for instantiating and quantum printing materials, such as elemental metals, in a nanoporous carbon powder.

A method and apparatus produce silicon-carbon composite materials through a chemical vapor deposition or a thermal disposition process in a fluidized bed reactor on a semi-continuous basis. The produced silicon-carbon composite has a unique structure that silicon particles are uniformly dispersed, bonded and embedded into the carbon conductive matrix and forming a secondary structure. The produced silicon-carbon composite can be used as advanced anode materials for lithium battery and other electrochemical energy storage device.

A method and apparatus produce silicon-carbon composite materials through a chemical vapor deposition or a thermal disposition process in a fluidized bed reactor on a semi-continuous basis. The produced silicon-carbon composite has a unique structure that silicon particles are uniformly dispersed, bonded and embedded into the carbon conductive matrix and forming a secondary structure. The produced silicon-carbon composite can be used as advanced anode materials for lithium battery and other electrochemical energy storage device.

Continuous spatial atomic layer deposition is performed on a particulate substrate in a continuous reactor comprising a plurality of spatially separated, precursor dosing zones and a means for moving the particulate substrate spatially through the precursor dosing zones to apply an atomic layer deposition coating thereon. The precursor dosing zones may be used simultaneously.

Continuous spatial atomic layer deposition is performed on a particulate substrate in a continuous reactor comprising a plurality of spatially separated, precursor dosing zones and a means for moving the particulate substrate spatially through the precursor dosing zones to apply an atomic layer deposition coating thereon. The precursor dosing zones may be used simultaneously.

Silicon-containing materials along with process for producing and uses for the same. The process includes reacting the silicon-containing materials in a fluidized bed reactor by deposition of silicon from at least one silicon precursor in pores and on the surface of porous particles. A fluidizing gas stream is provided within the fluidized bed reactor that is fully or partly induced to oscillate in a pulsed manner and propagates in the form of a wave and acts on the fluidized bed so as to form a homogeneously fluidized bed as a pulsed gas stream so as to form a homogeneously fluidized bed having a fluidization index FI of at least 0.95. Where the fluidizing gas stream has a superficial velocity which is above a measured minimum fluidization velocity of the pulsed gas stream and where the pulsation is combined with mechanical stirring as a further fluidizing aid.