The fluidized bed process for preparing polysilicon by chemical vapor deposition is improved by positioning at least one Laval nozzle upstream from a gas inlet into the reactor.

The invention includes apparatus and methods for instantiating and quantum printing materials, such as elemental metals, in a nanoporous carbon powder.

A reactor for forming fully coated particles having a solid core, the reactor comprises a reactor vessel which is configured to receive particles, and a gas phase coating mechanism that is configured to selectively introduce pulses of gas phase materials that form a coating on the particles. The reactor also includes a sieve (16) that is located within the reactor vessel, and a forcing means that is configured to force the particles through the sieve (16) in use. The sieve is configured to deagglomerate any particle aggregates formed in the reactor vessel upon forcing of the particles by the forcing means through the sieve.

Chemical deposition reactor assembly configured for formation of coatings on surfaces of fluid-permeable materials, such as porous materials, by chemical deposition is provided, the reactor assembly includes a reaction chamber configured to receive, at least in part, a fluid-permeable substrate with a target surface to be coated; at least one reactive fluid intake line configured to mediate a flow of reactive fluid into the reaction chamber, and an inert fluid delivery arrangement with at least one enclosed section configured to mediate a flow of inert fluid through the substrate towards its' target surface such, that at the surface the flow of inert fluid encounters the flow of reactive fluid, whereby a coating is formed at the target surface of the fluid-permeable substrate.

Methods, systems, and apparatus for carrying out rapid on-site optical chemical analysis in oil feeds are described. In one aspect, a system for manufacture of a tool includes a deposition reactor configured for molecular layer deposition or atomic layer deposition of metal powder to manufacture coated particles, a fabrication unit configured for 3D printing of the tool, and a controller that controls the deposition reactor and the fabrication unit, wherein the fabrication unit and the deposition reactor are integrated for automated fabrication of the tool using the coated particles from the deposition reactor as building material for the 3D printing.

The invention includes apparatus and methods for instantiating and quantum printing materials, such as elemental metals, in a nanoporous carbon powder.

A solid material container 1 for gasifying and supplying a solid material 25 stored therein has a metal outer unit 21 and a metal inner unit 22. The inner unit 22 is contained inside the outer unit 21, projections 31 are formed inside the outer unit 21, and a bottom section of the inner unit 22 has an inner section fitting section, which removably fits onto the projections 31 with the outer unit 21.

Clamping assemblies for sealing an annular chamber and reaction chamber of a reactor system are disclosed. The clamping assemblies may include actuators that are symmetrically arranged in two or more independently controllable groups of actuators.

Clamping assemblies for sealing an annular chamber and reaction chamber of a reactor system are disclosed. The clamping assemblies may include actuators that are symmetrically arranged in two or more independently controllable groups of actuators.

The present disclosure provides an impregnation method that includes the steps of providing a workpiece to be impregnated, placing the workpiece in a bath of impregnating agent inside a vessel, and oscillating movement of a vibrating body inside the vessel during an impregnation period. The vibrating body creates oscillating pressure changes inside the bath by acting on the bath. the method further includes removing the workpiece from the bath after the impregnation period.