An electrical connecting structure (10) for use as a means for transmitting electrical energy between a first electrical component and a second electrical component, wherein the connecting structure (10) is formed from a number of layers (20, 30, 40, 50) arranged serially with one another, a first outer layer (20) consisting of aluminum or an aluminum alloy and a second outer layer (50) preferably consisting of aluminum or an aluminum alloy, and a third and preferably fourth layer (30, 40), specifically one or two inner layers, being provided between the outer layers (20, 50), the inner layer or inner layers (30, 40) being respectively produced by cold gas spraying.

The present invention relates to an ultra-high strength, hot-dip galvanized steel sheet having excellent surface quality and coating adherence and to a method for manufacturing thereof, the ultra-high strength, hot-dip galvanized steel sheet comprising: 0.1-0.3% by weight carbon (C); 0.1-2.0% by weight silicon (Si); 0.005-1.5% by weight aluminum (Al); 1.5-3.5% by weight manganese (Mn); 0.04% by weight or less phosphorus (P) (excluding 0% by weight); 0.015% by weight or less sulphur (S) (excluding 0% by weight); 0.02% by weight or less nitrogen (N) (excluding 0% by weight); the balance being Fe; and other inevitable impurities, and further comprising 0.01 wt.% to 0.07 wt.% of at least one kind of element selected from the group consisting of bismuth (Bi), tin (Sn) and antimony (Sb).

A method of forming a multilayered zinc alloy coating comprises steps of providing a bath of an aqueous electrolyte including zinc and a second electrodepositable component in an electrolytic cell having an anode and a cathode; applying a current or voltage between the anode and the cathode; modulating the applied current or voltage over time between at least two current or voltage values to thereby modulate the current density over multiple cycles between at least two current density values, wherein a first current density value is in a range of 0.3 to less than 2 A/dm.sup.2 and a second current density value is higher than the first current density value and is in a range of 0.6 to less than 5 A/dm.sup.2; and controlling the modulation of the applied current or voltage to obtain a multilayered structure having multiple layers of one or more of alternating proportions of the second component, alternating corrosion potential, alternating grain size, and alternating grain orientation, wherein one or more of the multiple layers has a thickness in the range of 1 to 10 μm.

A method of forming a protective coating. The method includes providing a substrate including at least one chemical element and a surface; forming a basecoat composition including an aluminium phase including aluminium;

applying the basecoat composition on the surface of the substrate to form a basecoat layer; heating the basecoat layer to a first temperature for a predetermined period of time; applying a glow discharge plasma on the basecoat layer; and heating the basecoat layer to a second temperature greater than the first temperature, in order to activate an exothermic reaction between at least the aluminium phase of the basecoat layer and the at least one chemical element of the substrate, wherein the exothermic reaction forms the protective coating on the surface of the substrate.

A steel sheet for a fuel tank includes: a Zn—Ni alloy plated layer which is placed on one surface or each of both surfaces of a base metal and formed on at least one surface; and an inorganic chromate-free chemical conversion coating film which is placed over the Zn—Ni alloy plated layer. The Zn—Ni alloy plated layer has a crack starting from an interface between the Zn—Ni alloy plated layer and the inorganic chromate-free chemical conversion coating film and reaching an interface between the Zn—Ni alloy plated layer and the steel sheet, and a water contact angle on a surface of the inorganic chromate-free chemical conversion coating film is more than or equal to 50 degrees.

An embodiment relates to an ultrasonic additive manufacturing process, comprising joining a foil comprising a bulk metallic glass to a substrate; and forming a cladded composite comprising the foil and the substrate; wherein a thickness of the cladded composite is greater than a critical casting thickness of the bulk metallic glass, wherein the cladded composite comprises a cladding layer of the bulk metallic glass on the substrate and the bulk metallic glass comprises approximately 0% crystallinity, approximately 0% porosity, less than 50 MPa thermal stress, approximately 0% distortion, approximately 0 inch heat affected zone, approximately 0% dilution, and a strength of about 2,000-3,500 MPa.

A steel sheet coated with a coating comprising from 10 to 40% of nickel, the balance being zinc, such steel sheet having a microstructure comprising from 1 to 50% of residual austenite, from 1 to 60% of martensite and optionally at least one element chosen from: bainite, ferrite, cementite and pearlite, and the following chemical composition in weight: 0.10<C<0.50%, 1.0<Mn<5.0%, 0.7<Si<3.0%, 0.05<Al<1.0%, 0.75<(Si+Al)<3.0% and on a purely optional basis, one or more elements such as Nb≤0.5%, B≤0.005%, Cr≤1.0%, Mo≤0.50%, Ni≤1.0%, Ti≤0.5%, the remainder of the composition making up of iron and inevitable impurities resulting from the elaboration.

The present invention relates to a plated steel sheet, which can be used for vehicles, home appliances, construction materials and the like, and to a method for manufacturing the plated steel sheet.

A hybrid torque bar for a brake assembly may comprise a base portion, a pin extending from a first end of the base portion, and a rail extending between the first end of the base portion and a second end of the base portion opposite the first end. The base portion may be formed using a first manufacturing process. At least one of the pin or the rail may be formed using a second manufacturing process. The second manufacturing process may comprise an additive manufacturing technique.

This coated steel member includes: a steel sheet substrate having a predetermined chemical composition; and a coating formed on a surface of the steel sheet substrate and containing Al and Fe, in which the coating has a low Al content region having an Al content of 3 mass % or more and less than 30 mass % and a high Al content region formed on a side closer to a surface than the low Al content region and having an Al content of 30 mass % or more, a maximum C content of the high Al content region is 25% or less of a C content of the steel sheet substrate, a maximum C content of the low Al content region is 40% or less of the C content of the steel sheet substrate, and a maximum C content in a range from an interface between the steel sheet substrate and the coating to a depth of 10 μm on a side of the steel sheet substrate is 80% or less of the C content of the steel sheet substrate.