A method for manufacturing a perovskite crystal structure includes preparing a substrate, disposing a stamp having a roll shape on the substrate, injecting a perovskite precursor solution between the substrate and the stamp, and drying the precursor solution to manufacture a perovskite crystal structure. The stamp rolls in a first direction on the substrate, and the precursor solution is continuously crystallized in the first direction between the substrate and the stamp to manufacture the perovskite crystal structure.

A method for manufacturing a perovskite crystal structure includes preparing a substrate, disposing a stamp having a roll shape on the substrate, injecting a perovskite precursor solution between the substrate and the stamp, and drying the precursor solution to manufacture a perovskite crystal structure. The stamp rolls in a first direction on the substrate, and the precursor solution is continuously crystallized in the first direction between the substrate and the stamp to manufacture the perovskite crystal structure.

A method of forming a phase-pure Cs.sub.2TeX.sub.6 powder can include: dissolving a precursor TeX in a solution; rapidly adding a stoichiometric amount of respective CsX precursor to the solution, resulting in Cs.sub.2TeX.sub.6 powder immediately precipitating out of the solution; removing excess solution from the solution, resulting in the phase-pure Cs.sub.2TeX.sub.6 powder; washing the phase-pure Cs.sub.2TeX.sub.6 powder; and drying the phase-pure Cs.sub.2TeX.sub.6 powder.

A method of forming a phase-pure Cs.sub.2TeX.sub.6 powder can include: dissolving a precursor TeX in a solution; rapidly adding a stoichiometric amount of respective CsX precursor to the solution, resulting in Cs.sub.2TeX.sub.6 powder immediately precipitating out of the solution; removing excess solution from the solution, resulting in the phase-pure Cs.sub.2TeX.sub.6 powder; washing the phase-pure Cs.sub.2TeX.sub.6 powder; and drying the phase-pure Cs.sub.2TeX.sub.6 powder.

The present invention is a method for preparing a crystal structure analysis sample in which a molecule of an organic compound for which a molecular structure is to be determined, is arranged in pores and voids of a polymer-metal complex crystal in an ordered manner. The method includes immersing a polymer-metal complex crystal including a guest compound in a solvent solution that includes the organic compound, the polymer-metal complex crystal including a guest compound being the polymer-metal complex crystal comprising a polymer-metal complex that comprises a ligand having two or more coordinating moieties. A ratio of an amount of the guest compound (A) present in the pores and the voids to a total amount of the guest compound included in the pores and the voids being 60 mol % or more.

The present invention is a method for preparing a crystal structure analysis sample in which a molecule of an organic compound for which a molecular structure is to be determined, is arranged in pores and voids of a polymer-metal complex crystal in an ordered manner. The method includes immersing a polymer-metal complex crystal including a guest compound in a solvent solution that includes the organic compound, the polymer-metal complex crystal including a guest compound being the polymer-metal complex crystal comprising a polymer-metal complex that comprises a ligand having two or more coordinating moieties. A ratio of an amount of the guest compound (A) present in the pores and the voids to a total amount of the guest compound included in the pores and the voids being 60 mol % or more.

Organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite (OIHP) based photo-responsive devices include an OIHP active layer disposed between a cathode layer and an anode layer, and an electron extraction layer disposed between the cathode layer and the active layer. The electron extraction layer includes a layer of C.sub.60 directly disposed on the active layer. The active layer includes an organometal trihalide perovskite layer (e.g., CH.sub.3NH.sub.3PbI.sub.2X, where X includes at least one of Cl, Br, or I).

Organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite (OIHP) based photo-responsive devices include an OIHP active layer disposed between a cathode layer and an anode layer, and an electron extraction layer disposed between the cathode layer and the active layer. The electron extraction layer includes a layer of C.sub.60 directly disposed on the active layer. The active layer includes an organometal trihalide perovskite layer (e.g., CH.sub.3NH.sub.3PbI.sub.2X, where X includes at least one of Cl, Br, or I).

Methods of preparing a mineral-coated rock micromodel can include 3D-printing a transparent porous micromodel with photo-curable polymer, seeding a thin layer of mineral nanoparticles in the network of pores inside the micromodel, and subsequently growing a mineral layer on the thin layer of mineral nanoparticles. The thin layer of mineral nanoparticles can be introduced by injecting a suspension containing the mineral nanoparticles through the microporous polymer micromodel, and the mineral layer can be grown in-situ on the thin layer of mineral nanoparticles in the network of pores by injecting an ion-rich solution configured to crystallize from solution in response to contacting the mineral nanoparticles.

Methods of preparing a mineral-coated rock micromodel can include 3D-printing a transparent porous micromodel with photo-curable polymer, seeding a thin layer of mineral nanoparticles in the network of pores inside the micromodel, and subsequently growing a mineral layer on the thin layer of mineral nanoparticles. The thin layer of mineral nanoparticles can be introduced by injecting a suspension containing the mineral nanoparticles through the microporous polymer micromodel, and the mineral layer can be grown in-situ on the thin layer of mineral nanoparticles in the network of pores by injecting an ion-rich solution configured to crystallize from solution in response to contacting the mineral nanoparticles.