A system and method for cleaning dirty water is disclosed. The systems and methods may include two heat exchangers, including a high temperature/high pressure (HT/HP) heat exchanger that receives superheated steam and hydrogen gas and a low temperature/low pressure (LT/LP) that receives steam at a reduced temperature and pressure. The LT/LP heat exchanger provides first stage heating to dirty water that is input into the system for cleansing. The LT/LP heat exchanger has a first coil and a second coil. The first coil carries the dirty water to be cleaned. The HT/HP heat exchanger provides a second stage of heating to the dirty water that is output from the LT/LP heat exchanger. A first coil of the HT/HP heat exchanger carries the superheated steam and hydrogen gas. A second coil carries the preheated dirty water that is output from the LT/LP heat exchanger.

Embodiments of the invention provide systems and methods for water treatment and/or desalination.

A photothermal desalination system includes a seawater harvester that harvests cold seawater from below the ocean thermocline. Heat transfer coils are filled with the cold seawater and steam from a steam generator (boiler) condenses upon interaction with the heat transfer coils to produce fresh water. To achieve a minimal environmental footprint, the steam generator produces steam from the harvested seawater using peanut oil that is heated to just below its smoke point. Heating the peanut oil can be accomplished using concentrated solar power. The peanut oil can be stored in insulated in-ground containers. In addition to using the steam to generate fresh water, some of the steam can be used to generate electricity which can be used to power various components of the system. Moreover, the system can produce other useful products from otherwise wasteful outputs, including biofuel and glycerin from peanut oil sludge and sea salt from brine water.

A system and method for cleaning dirty water is disclosed. The systems and methods may include two heat exchangers, including a high temperature/high pressure (HT/HP) heat exchanger that receives superheated steam and hydrogen gas and a low temperature/low pressure (LT/LP) that receives steam at a reduced temperature and pressure. The LT/LP heat exchanger provides first stage heating to dirty water that is input into the system for cleansing. The LT/LP heat exchanger has a first coil and a second coil. The first coil carries the dirty water to be cleaned. The HT/HP heat exchanger provides a second stage of heating to the dirty water that is output from the LT/LP heat exchanger. A first coil of the HT/HP heat exchanger carries the superheated steam and hydrogen gas. A second coil carries the preheated dirty water that is output from the LT/LP heat exchanger.

Embodiments of the present disclosure include a system for harvesting salt, and other valued material, and generating distilled water from at least one of a produced water and salt water. The system can include a direct steam generator (DSG) configured to generate saturated steam and combustion exhaust constituents. The system can include a separation system operating after the DSG, configured to separate salt from the saturated steam and combustion exhaust constituents in at least one of brine form and solid form. The system can include an energy recovery system that includes an expansion turbine configured to recover energy from the steam and exhaust constituents.

A dialysis device comprising a dialysis circuit for providing dialysis fluid and returning purified fluid to the dialysis circuit. The device comprises an evaporator/condenser device, provided with an evaporator bag and a condenser bag. The evaporator bag receives dialysis fluid from the dialysis bag and produces steam, whereby a concentrated dialysis fluid is left and drained to a drain bag. The condenser bag receives the steam produced in the evaporation bag and condenses the steam for producing pure water for being returned to said dialysis circuit. The evaporation and condensation takes place at a subatmospheric pressure, such as between 30 and 70 mmHg at a temperature of about 30 to 44 C. Heat energy is provided to the evaporation bag and the condenser bag is cooled. The cooled energy may be absorbed by a heat pump for delivery of heat to the evaporator bag.

A system and method for cleaning dirty water is disclosed. The systems and methods may include two heat exchangers, including a high temperature/high pressure (HT/HP) heat exchanger that receives superheated steam and hydrogen gas and a low temperature/low pressure (LT/LP) that receives steam at a reduced temperature and pressure. The LT/LP heat exchanger provides first stage heating to dirty water that is input into the system for cleansing. The LT/LP heat exchanger has a first coil and a second coil. The first coil carries the dirty water to be cleaned. The HT/HP heat exchanger provides a second stage of heating to the dirty water that is output from the LT/LP heat exchanger. A first coil of the HT/HP heat exchanger carries the superheated steam and hydrogen gas. A second coil carries the preheated dirty water that is output from the LT/LP heat exchanger.

Aspects of embodiments relate to a method for treating water received at a treatment system. The method may include reducing the hardness of the water by subjecting the water to electrolysis by an electrolytic hardness reducer; and substantially removing disinfectant from the water by irradiating the water with ultraviolet light by a UV disinfectant reducer. The method may further include sanitizing the electrolytic hardness reducer and/or sanitizing the UV disinfectant reducing apparatus by running hot water through either one or both of them.

The present invention discloses a gradient sub-boiling distiller and a distillation method. The gradient sub-boiling distiller includes a condensation pipe, an evaporation surface, a heating device, a liquid distributor, a tail liquid trough, a condensate trough, a tail liquid pipe, a liquid inlet pipe, a condensate pipe, and a shell. A raw material liquid is preheated through the condensation pipe, flows down from the evaporation surface after being further preheated in the heating device, and is continuously evaporated. With the temperature continuously decreasing, vapor condenses on the surface of the condensation pipe, the heat of condensation preheats the raw material liquid in the condensation pipe, and the flow direction of the raw material liquid in the condensation pipe is opposite to that on the evaporation surface. The present invention completely recovers the heat of condensation, increases the energy efficiency, reduces water for water-cooling, saves water resources and reduces energy consumption.

A vaporizer 10 comprises: a vaporization chamber 12 for storing a liquid; a bottom heater 14B provided in the vaporization chamber 12 which includes a winding portion 141, acting as a heat source, to contact with the liquid stored in the vaporization chamber and an upright portion 142 erected from the winding portion and having an end portion with a heater terminal 143; and a relief valve 16 connected to the vaporization chamber 12. The vaporizer 10 is configured to be able to appropriately vaporize and supply ultrapure water.