The present invention relates to novel lignin-derived compounds and compositions comprising the same and their use as redox flow battery electrolytes. The invention further provides a method for preparing said compounds and compositions as well as a redox flow battery comprising said compounds and compositions. Additionally, an assembly for carrying out the inventive method is provided.

The present invention relates to novel lignin-derived compounds and compositions comprising the same and their use as redox flow battery electrolytes. The invention further provides a method for preparing said compounds and compositions as well as a redox flow battery comprising said compounds and compositions. Additionally, an assembly for carrying out the inventive method is provided.

The present disclosure relates to an organic electroluminescent compound and an organic electroluminescent device comprising the same. By using the organic electroluminescent compound of the present disclosure, an organic electroluminescent device having high luminous efficiency and/or long lifespan properties can be provided compared to conventional organic electroluminescent devices.

An organic compound which can be used as the phosphorescent host material, the fluorescent host material, or the fluorescent dopant material of the light emitting layer, and/or the electron transporting material of the organic electroluminescence device is disclosed. The organic electroluminescence device employing the organic compound can lower driving voltage, prolong half-lifetime, and increase current efficiency.

An organic compound which can be used as the phosphorescent host material, the fluorescent host material, or the fluorescent dopant material of the light emitting layer, and/or the electron transporting material of the organic electroluminescence device is disclosed. The organic electroluminescence device employing the organic compound can lower driving voltage, prolong half-lifetime, and increase current efficiency.

The present invention provides a process for the regeneration of an electrolyte solution of a redox-flow battery containing at least one (preferably substituted) phenazine compound, said process comprising at least one of the following steps (a), (b) and (c): (a) treatment of the electrolyte solution to be regenerated in order to convert organic degradation compounds contained therein to a (substituted) phenazine compound; (b) removal of precipitated material from the electrolyte solution and subsequent modification of the precipitated organic degradation compounds to obtain a (substituted) phenazine compound; and (c) separation of redox active compounds other than (substituted) phenazine compounds in particular inorganic electrolytes, from an electrolyte solution containing (substituted) phenazine compounds, and/or separation of (substituted) phenazine compounds from a solution containing redox active compounds other than (substituted) phenazine compounds.

The present invention provides a process for the regeneration of an electrolyte solution of a redox-flow battery containing at least one (preferably substituted) phenazine compound, said process comprising at least one of the following steps (a), (b) and (c): (a) treatment of the electrolyte solution to be regenerated in order to convert organic degradation compounds contained therein to a (substituted) phenazine compound; (b) removal of precipitated material from the electrolyte solution and subsequent modification of the precipitated organic degradation compounds to obtain a (substituted) phenazine compound; and (c) separation of redox active compounds other than (substituted) phenazine compounds in particular inorganic electrolytes, from an electrolyte solution containing (substituted) phenazine compounds, and/or separation of (substituted) phenazine compounds from a solution containing redox active compounds other than (substituted) phenazine compounds.

The present invention relates to a process for coupling a heterocyclic aromatic ring AR1 and a carbocyclic or heterocyclic aromatic ring AR2 to each other by a light-assisted decarboxylative carbon-carbon cross-coupling reaction, wherein a reaction medium is provided by mixing a first reactant, a second reactant and a catalyst composition, wherein the catalyst composition comprises (i) a palladium compound which is a palladium salt or a palladium complex or a mixture thereof, and (ii) a polycyclic compound of Formula (I), (II) or (III):

##STR00001## the reaction medium is irradiated by an external light source, thereby coupling the heterocyclic aromatic ring AR1 of the first reactant to the aromatic ring AR2 of the second reactant by a decarboxylative carbon-carbon cross-coupling reaction.

An object of the present invention is to provide an organic electroluminescent element containing an organic layer interposed between an anode and a cathode, the organic layer containing at least one light emitting layer, wherein the at least one light emitting layer contains a -conjugated compound having an electron donor portion and an electron acceptor portion in the molecule; the -conjugated compound has a direction vector from an atom having a HOMO orbital in the electron donor portion to an electron cloud of the HOMO orbital, and a direction vector from an atom having a LUMO orbital in the electron acceptor portion to an electron cloud of the LUMO orbital, and the two direction vectors form an angle in the range of 90 to 180 degrees; and the -conjugated compound has a plurality of the electron donor portions or a plurality of the electron acceptor portions.

An object of the present invention is to provide an organic electroluminescent element containing an organic layer interposed between an anode and a cathode, the organic layer containing at least one light emitting layer, wherein the at least one light emitting layer contains a -conjugated compound having an electron donor portion and an electron acceptor portion in the molecule; the -conjugated compound has a direction vector from an atom having a HOMO orbital in the electron donor portion to an electron cloud of the HOMO orbital, and a direction vector from an atom having a LUMO orbital in the electron acceptor portion to an electron cloud of the LUMO orbital, and the two direction vectors form an angle in the range of 90 to 180 degrees; and the -conjugated compound has a plurality of the electron donor portions or a plurality of the electron acceptor portions.