A method and apparatus of automatically locating in an image of a blood vessel the lumen boundary at a position in the vessel and from that measuring the diameter of the vessel. From the diameter of the vessel and estimated blood flow rate, a number of clinically significant physiological parameters are then determined and various user displays of interest generated. One use of these images and parameters is to aid the clinician in the placement of a stent. The system, in one embodiment, uses these measurements to allow the clinician to simulate the placement of a stent and to determine the effect of the placement. In addition, from these patient parameters various patient treatments are then performed.

A biological tissue inspection apparatus is disclosed. The biological tissue inspection apparatus comprises a stage and a probe. The probe comprises an optical imaging device, an optical interference detector, and a light guide. The probe acquires data regarding optical images and optical interference, through the optical imaging device and the optical interference detector. The stage or the probe moves such that a selected area of the inspection object is positioned in the FOV of the optical imaging device and of the optical interference detector. The light guide is configured such that illumination light from the optical imaging device and measurement light from the optical interference detector are coaxially emitted to the inspection object.

A first signal is generated with a first light detector in response to an ultrasound signal encountering a first measurement beam. A second signal is generated with a second light detector in response to the ultrasound signal encountering a second measurement beam. The second measurement beam propagates through the sample and the first measurement beam propagates outside the sample.

The subject of the invention comprises of a method of mapping of distribution of reference physical parameters used in tests applying electromagnetic waves, in particular in planar or spatial tests of objects imagined using a computer tomograph, wherein the entire reference (1) or its fragments of components used in its design and forming determinants of its physical parameters are imaged by high-resolution scanning, that is, at least twice, preferably five times higher than the resolution in which the reference will be used in future studies and a collection of layered images of a reference or its fragment or component is obtained, on the basis of which, by reading information out of the image of the particular cross-section, material distribution and/or absorption coefficient distribution is determined directly, with the information about the absorption coefficient, together with coordinates for every voxel, which form so called spatial distribution of the absorption coefficient for the particular reference element are stored in a three-dimensional matrix, in electronic memory, with said information being used to calculate the correction coefficient, which defines for every voxel the deviation of parameters of the particular part of element of the reference from the theoretical value resulting from manufacturing assumptions, forming so called map of manufacturing precision, individual for the particular fragment or element of the reference, and then the individual manufacturing precision map for a part of the reference or its elements is written into a common file forming the manufacturing precision definition for the entire reference.

Optical imaging or spectroscopy described can use laminar optical tomography (LOT), diffuse correlation spectroscopy (DCS), or the like. An incident beam is scanned across a target. An orthogonal or oblique optical response can be obtained, such as concurrently at different distances from the incident beam. The optical response from multiple incident wavelengths can be concurrently obtained by dispersing the response wavelengths in a direction orthogonal to the response distances from the incident beam. Temporal correlation can be measured, from which flow and other parameters can be computed. An optical conduit can enable endoscopic or laparoscopic imaging or spectroscopy of internal target locations. An articulating arm can communicate the light for performing the LOT, DCS, or the like. The imaging can find use for skin cancer diagnosis, such as distinguishing lentigo maligna (LM) from lentigo maligna melanoma (LMM).

A beam-shaping optical system includes a sheath defining a central cavity having an inner wall, an optical fiber positioned within the cavity and engaged with the inner wall of the sheath, and a beam-shaping insert positioned within the sheath and engaged with the inner wall of the sheath. The beam-shaping insert includes a beam-shaping element with a reflective element aligned with an optical axis of the optical fiber. The optical fiber is configured to emit an electromagnetic beam toward the beam-shaping element and the beam-shaping element is configured to reflect the electromagnetic beam externally to the beam-shaping insert.

A system and method for optical tomography including illuminating an object with pulsing stimulus light and pulsing the stimulus light at a repetition frequency having a pulse period that is greater than a dead-time of a detector. Coordinating the pulse with the dead-time of the detector allows for higher powered light source and improves early photon detection.

Disclosed is a computer-implemented method of creating an image of a specimen including receiving a first image of a first section of a specimen created using a first wavelength of invisible light a second image of a second section of the specimen adjacent to the first section and the second image created using the first wavelength of invisible light, co-registering the first image and the second image and creating, by the processor, a single-plane image of the first section using a next-image process.

A photoacoustic microscope objective lens unit includes: an objective lens which irradiates a sample with excitation light L; a photoacoustic wave detection unit which detects a photoacoustic wave U generated from the sample; and a photoacoustic wave guide system. The photoacoustic wave guide system includes: a photoacoustic wave separation member; and an acoustic lens that is disposed between the photoacoustic wave separation member and the sample and has a focus position that substantially matches with a focus position of the objective lens. The acoustic lens is obtained by cementing a main acoustic lens and a correction acoustic lens to each other. The main acoustic lens and the correction acoustic lens satisfy predetermined Conditional Expressions.

Hat, helmet, and other headgear apparatus includes dry electrophysiological electrodes and, optionally, other physiological and/or environmental sensors to measure signals such as ECG from the head of a subject. Methods of use of such apparatus to provide fitness, health, or other measured or derived, estimated, or predicted metrics are also disclosed.