A system for in-vivo monitoring of intracranial pressure is provided. The system includes a probe and a controller. The probe includes optical emitters and optical detectors. The optical detectors detect light emitted by the optical emitters generate signals representative of the detected light. The controller includes memory and processor. The controller connects to the probe to energize the optical emitters and receiving signals from the optical detectors. The system may include modelling, extraction, and pressure prediction modules. The modelling module can relate intracranial pressure to features of an optical signal representative of a degree to which light input into a subject's skull is absorbed by the subject's brain. The extraction module can extract signal features from a signal derived from the optical signals output by the detectors. The pressure prediction module can input the signal features into the modelling module and output an indication of intracranial pressure.

Embodiments of the present invention relate to a system and method for measuring intracranial pressure (ICP). Embodiments of the present invention include emitting an electromagnetic wave into the temple area and/or inner ear of a patient and measuring ICP based on the characteristics of the reflected and/or transmitted electromagnetic wave scattered by the tissue and/or cavity. The characteristics may include variations in the electromagnetic wave corresponding to distortions by the cavity within the skull beneath the temple and/or the oval window within the patient's inner ear. Further, embodiments of the present invention include ICP is elevated in the patient. The present invention concentrates on measuring and quantifying the changes in transmission characteristics to determine changes in ICP.

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) drainage systems. A system includes a conduit having a proximal end and a distal end. The conduit receives the CSF from a patient from the proximal end. The system includes a collection chamber coupled to the distal end. The collection chamber collects the CSF. The system includes a valve positioned on the conduit. The valve controls CSF flow into the collection chamber. The system includes a camera that captures an image of the CSF within the collection chamber. The system includes a processor coupled to the camera. The processor measures a flow rate of the CSF based on the image and controls the first valve to open for a first predetermined period and close for a second predetermined period until a determination of a predetermined amount of the CSF being drained from the patient is made by the processor based on the flow rate.

Described herein is a safety system that works collectively with an automated fluid drain control apparatus and systems and clinical experts to establish protocols and methods for given patient populations to ensure that the drainage of fluid from patients is both safe and effective. It further enables the transportation of drain orders from systems external to the drain system and returns to them the drainage data on a periodic basis for inclusion into the patient chart.

In brain analysis, anatomical standardization is performed when analyzing a region of interest (ROI). There are individual differences in the shape and size of the brain and by converting the brain into a standard brain, these differences can be compared with each other and subjected to statistical analysis. When generating a standard brain analysis, a large number of pieces of image data are classified into a plurality of groups based on their anatomical features. An intermediate template that is an intermediate conversion image and a conversion map is calculated for each group, and the calculation of the intermediate template and the generation of the intermediate conversion image are repeated while gradually reducing the number of classifications, so that a final standard image is generated. Using the standard image and the intermediate template calculated during the generation of the standard image, spatial standardization of the measured image is performed.

Provided are methods of making a long-term implantable electronic device, and related implantable devices, including by providing a substrate having a first encapsulation layer that covers at least a portion of the substrate, the first encapsulation layer having a receiving surface; providing one or more electronic devices on the first encapsulation layer receiving surface; and removing at least a portion of the substrate from the first encapsulation layer; thereby making the long-term implantable electronic device. Further desirable properties, including device lifetime increases during use in environments that are challenging for sensitive electronic device components, are achieved through the use of additional layers such as longevity-extending layers and/or ion-barrier layers in combination with an encapsulation layer.

A plurality of image projections are acquired at faster than cardiac rate. A spatiotemporal reconstruction of cardiac frequency angiographic phenomena in three spatial dimensions is generated from two dimensional image projections using physiological coherence at cardiac frequency. Complex valued methods may be used to operate on the plurality of image projections to reconstruct a higher dimensional spatiotemporal object. From a plurality of two spatial dimensional angiographic projections, a 3D spatial reconstruction of moving pulse waves and other cardiac frequency angiographic phenomena is obtained. Reconstruction techniques for angiographic data obtained from biplane angiography devices are also provided herein.

Novel tools and techniques for assessing, predicting and/or estimating effectiveness of fluid resuscitation of a patient and/or an amount of fluid needed for effective resuscitation of the patient, in some cases, noninvasively.

Described herein are systems, devices, and methods to assess and correct for instability of baseline pressure of pressure sensors applied for measuring pressures inside a human body or body cavity, such as intracranial pressure (ICP) and arterial blood pressure (ABP). The present disclosure includes systems for assessing instability of baseline pressure by computing differences in single pressure wave parameters between single pressure waves, calculating pressure stability levels, determining differences between pressure stability levels and creating baseline pressure indicator plots. The baseline pressure indicator plots define instability of baseline pressure as a function of defined thresholds applied to parameters of the pressure stability levels. The disclosure also provides means for correcting mean pressure caused by baseline pressure instability.

A diagnostic method for monitoring changes in a fluid medium in a patient's head. The method includes positioning a transmitter at a first location on or near the patient's head, the transmitter generates and transmits a time-varying magnetic field into a fluid medium in the patient's head responsive to a first signal; positioning a receiver at a second location on or near the patient's head offset from the transmitter, the receiver generates a second signal responsive to a received magnetic field at the receiver; transmitting a time-varying magnetic field into the fluid medium in the patient's head in response to the first signal; receiving the transmitted magnetic field; generating the second signal responsive to the received magnetic field; and determining, a phase shift between the transmitted magnetic field and the received magnetic field for a plurality of frequencies of the transmitted time-varying magnetic field.