A method for detecting occult hemorrhages is provided. The method comprises: obtaining, by a medical system comprising a blood monitoring system, a first hematocrit concentration prior to infusing a saline solution into a bloodstream of the patient; infusing, by the medical system, the saline solution into the bloodstream of the patient; obtaining, by the medical system, a second hematocrit concentration after infusing the saline solution into the bloodstream; determining, by the medical system, a first absolute blood volume based on the first hematocrit concentration and the second hematocrit concentration; generating, by the medical system, a notification indicating a potential occult hemorrhage based on the first absolute blood volume and a pre-defined absolute blood volume threshold; and providing, by the medical system, the notification indicating the potential occult hemorrhage.

The invention features methods for detecting the hydration state or vascular volume of a subject using a device capable of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) measurement. The methods involve exposing a portion of a tissue of the subject in vivo to a magnetic field and RF pulse from the device to excite hydrogen nuclei of water within the tissue portion, and measuring a relaxation parameter of the hydrogen nuclei in the tissue portion, the relaxation parameter being a quantitative measure of the hydration state or vascular volume of the subject as a whole. The invention also features devices and computer-readable storage media for performing the methods of the invention.

A device and method of using the device to detect the presence and composition of clots and other target objects in a circulatory vessel of a living subject is described. In particular, devices and methods of detecting the presence and composition of clots and other target objects in a circulatory vessel of a living subject using in vivo photoacoustic flow cytometry techniques is described.

The present disclosure provides a physiological monitoring system that includes at least one physiological sensor indicative of a physiological condition of a patient, the at least one sensor worn by a patient. Sensors can include one or more optical sensors configured to measure a physiological parameter, such as total hemoglobin, SpO.sub.2, methemoglobin, carboxyhemoglobin, and the like. A monitoring system can receive measured information from the sensor and determine if the physiological condition of the user indicates an urgent medical need. When the physiological condition of the user indicates an urgent medical need, the electronic device can generate an alert.

A concentration measurement apparatus includes a probe being attached to a head and having a light source for outputting measurement light and a photodetection unit for generating a detection signal according to an intensity of incident light, a calculation unit for performing a calculation of a hemoglobin concentration-related numerical value in the head which varies due to repetition of chest compression on the basis of the detection signal according to the intensity of the measurement light propagated through the inside of the head, and an instruction unit for instructing the calculation unit to start the calculation. The photodetection unit continuously generates the detection signal before the calculation start in the calculation unit. The instruction unit determines the calculation start on the basis of the detection signal.

A blood sample collector can be used to collect a blood sample from a subject. The blood sample collector can be placed in a receptacle of a spectrometer to measure spectral data from the blood sample while the blood sample separates. The container may comprise a window to allow light such as infrared light to pass through the container, with the blood sample at least partially separating within the container between spectral measurements, which can provide improved accuracy of the measurements and additional information regarding the sample. The container may comprise an elongate axis and the container configured for placement in the spectrometer receptacle with the elongate axis extending toward a vertical direction in order to improve gravimetric separation of the blood sample. The spectrometer can be configured to measure the blood sample at a plurality of heights along the sample as the sample separates.

Systems and methods of use for continuous analyte measurement of a host's vascular system are provided. In some embodiments, a continuous glucose measurement system includes a vascular access device, a sensor and sensor electronics, the system being configured for insertion into communication with a host's circulatory system.

The present invention images a heartbeat strength representing the strength of pulsations (beats) on a map as a new dynamics index different from the conventional waveform numerical value. A computation section according to the present invention obtains, from time-course changes of the blood flow map obtained as a result of computation of blood flow speed, a signal intensity at a fundamental frequency determined from time-series blood flow data within a predetermined region, and calculates a heartbeat strength which represents the strength of heartbeats on the basis of the signal intensity. A display section images and displays the heartbeat strength calculated by the heartbeat strength computation section. Also, the display section displays the heartbeat strength calculated by the heartbeat strength computation section by superimposing the heartbeat strength on a combined map created by averaging a plurality of blood flow maps arranged in a chronological order.

A system and method for performing speckle correlation flow cytometry (SCFC). By subtracting out the stationary background when shining light through a sample (e.g., a vessel within a biological tissue), light only scattered by the desired targets (e.g., cells) can be captured and different types of targets (e.g., cells) can be distinguished by the autocorrelation of the speckle pattern. In this way, the targets (e.g., cells) can be classified and counted based on the features of their speckle correlations. The technique can be applied not only for noninvasive, label-free, in vivo CTC counting but also for counting other types of blood cells such as white blood cells or red blood cells.

There is provided a system for measuring a property of a sample that comprises a test strip for collecting the sample; a diagnostic measuring device configured to receive the test strip and measure a concentration of an analyte in the sample received on the test strip; and the diagnostic measuring device further comprising a processor programmed to execute an analyte correction for correcting a measurement of the sample due to one or more interferents, comprising: calculating an interferent impedance measurement including a magnitude measurement and a phase measurement using a switched capacitor accumulator to measure a phase angle; and adjusting the measurement of the analyte in the sample using that the calculated interferent impedance measurement.